From a48fe732ce14327dc5aa8fbeca00f5904fb76b01 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Martynas=20Jusevi=C4=8Dius?= <martynas@atomgraph.com>
Date: Fri, 11 Sep 2026 15:12:11 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 1/6] Node identity and parentage are XPath, not DOM calls

Nine reads reached through ixsl:call/ixsl:get for facts the data model
already exposes, so the module asked JavaScript a question XPath answers.
isSameNode($a, $b) is `$a is $b`; parentNode is `..`; parentElement, which
is null when the parent is not an element, is exactly `parent::*`; and a
Range container's nodeType = 3 test is `instance of text()`. The event
targets that carried two of the identity tests take `as="node()?"` so the
comparison has a node to compare - the same typing relatedTarget already
had in navigate.xsl, and the reason `is` was reachable there and not here.

Two constructions follow: Object() through ixsl:call is ixsl:new('Object',
[]), the extension that exists for it; and typeahead's three-line scroll
options object - allocate, set `block`, pass - is one XDM map literal, the
form navigate.xsl was already passing to the same scrollIntoView on the
line above its own call.

Nothing moves in the DOM layer proper. Building detached subtrees through
rdfae:element and splicing them with insertNode/appendChild/before stays:
xsl:result-document emits at a location and returns nothing to hold, and
the insertion model hands the constructed node onward to be spliced, to
receive the caret and to seed a Range. That is an architecture, not a
workaround, and converting it would be a redesign of the editing core.

make sef compiles both entries; make test passes 52; make test-browser
reports 532 assertions true with the two pre-existing canonicalSource
paste-probe values unchanged.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01BSRUJBNKKjdgJeP3qRZTPd
---
 src/annotate.xsl  | 14 +++++++-------
 src/edit.xsl      |  7 ++++---
 src/index.xsl     |  2 +-
 src/navigate.xsl  |  2 +-
 src/typeahead.xsl |  4 +---
 5 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/annotate.xsl b/src/annotate.xsl
index 6d40458..ca6e509 100644
--- a/src/annotate.xsl
+++ b/src/annotate.xsl
@@ -85,11 +85,10 @@ version="3.0">
     <xsl:function name="rdfae:selection-valid" as="xs:boolean">
         <xsl:param name="range"/>
 
-        <xsl:variable name="start" select="ixsl:get($range, 'startContainer')"/>
-        <xsl:variable name="end" select="ixsl:get($range, 'endContainer')"/>
-        <xsl:sequence select="ixsl:call($start, 'isSameNode', [ $end ])
-            or (ixsl:get($start, 'nodeType') = 3 and ixsl:get($end, 'nodeType') = 3
-                and ixsl:call(ixsl:get($start, 'parentNode'), 'isSameNode', [ ixsl:get($end, 'parentNode') ]))"/>
+        <xsl:variable name="start" select="ixsl:get($range, 'startContainer')" as="node()?"/>
+        <xsl:variable name="end" select="ixsl:get($range, 'endContainer')" as="node()?"/>
+        <xsl:sequence select="$start is $end
+            or ($start instance of text() and $end instance of text() and $start/.. is $end/..)"/>
     </xsl:function>
 
     <!-- the single write path for RDFa attributes, shared by create and edit. No modes:
@@ -187,7 +186,7 @@ version="3.0">
     <xsl:template name="rdfae:unwrap-element">
         <xsl:param name="element" as="element()"/>
 
-        <xsl:variable name="parent" select="ixsl:get($element, 'parentNode')"/>
+        <xsl:variable name="parent" select="$element/.." as="node()"/>
         <xsl:for-each select="1 to xs:integer(ixsl:get($element, 'childNodes.length'))">
             <xsl:sequence select="ixsl:call($parent, 'insertBefore', [ ixsl:get($element, 'firstChild'), $element ])[current-date() lt xs:date('2000-01-01')]"/>
         </xsl:for-each>
@@ -351,7 +350,8 @@ version="3.0">
 
     <!-- clicking the backdrop (not the content) closes the modal -->
     <xsl:template match="div[@id = 'output-modal']" mode="ixsl:onclick">
-        <xsl:if test="ixsl:call(ixsl:get(ixsl:event(), 'target'), 'isSameNode', [ . ])">
+        <xsl:variable name="target" select="ixsl:get(ixsl:event(), 'target')" as="node()?"/>
+        <xsl:if test="$target is .">
             <ixsl:set-style name="display" select="'none'"/>
         </xsl:if>
     </xsl:template>
diff --git a/src/edit.xsl b/src/edit.xsl
index d4c9019..b838e05 100644
--- a/src/edit.xsl
+++ b/src/edit.xsl
@@ -896,7 +896,8 @@ version="3.0">
         <xsl:variable name="key" as="xs:string" select="string(ixsl:get($event, 'key'))"/>
         <xsl:variable name="chord" as="xs:boolean"
             select="(ixsl:get($event, 'ctrlKey') or ixsl:get($event, 'metaKey')) and not(ixsl:get($event, 'altKey'))"/>
-        <xsl:if test="ixsl:call(ixsl:get($event, 'target'), 'isSameNode', [ . ])">
+        <xsl:variable name="target" select="ixsl:get($event, 'target')" as="node()?"/>
+        <xsl:if test="$target is .">
             <xsl:choose>
                 <xsl:when test="$chord and lower-case($key) = 'z' and not(ixsl:get($event, 'shiftKey'))">
                     <xsl:sequence select="ixsl:call($event, 'preventDefault', [])[current-date() lt xs:date('2000-01-01')]"/>
@@ -1193,7 +1194,7 @@ version="3.0">
 
         <xsl:sequence select="ixsl:call($range, 'insertNode', [ $node ])[current-date() lt xs:date('2000-01-01')]"/>
         <xsl:call-template name="rdfae:place-caret">
-            <xsl:with-param name="node" select="ixsl:get($node, 'parentNode')"/>
+            <xsl:with-param name="node" select="$node/.."/>
             <xsl:with-param name="offset" select="count($node/preceding-sibling::node()) + 1"/>
         </xsl:call-template>
     </xsl:template>
@@ -1710,7 +1711,7 @@ version="3.0">
                 <xsl:sequence select="ixsl:call($range, 'insertNode', [ $fragment ])[current-date() lt xs:date('2000-01-01')]"/>
                 <xsl:for-each select="$last">
                     <xsl:call-template name="rdfae:place-caret">
-                        <xsl:with-param name="node" select="ixsl:get(., 'parentNode')"/>
+                        <xsl:with-param name="node" select=".."/>
                         <xsl:with-param name="offset" select="count(preceding-sibling::node()) + 1"/>
                     </xsl:call-template>
                 </xsl:for-each>
diff --git a/src/index.xsl b/src/index.xsl
index ae7e71e..31fe9cd 100644
--- a/src/index.xsl
+++ b/src/index.xsl
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ version="3.0">
          LinkedDataHub's window.LinkedDataHub); reached everywhere via rdfae:editor-state().
          Hosts with their own initial template call this from there instead of main -->
     <xsl:template name="rdfae:init-state">
-        <xsl:variable name="state" select="ixsl:call(ixsl:window(), 'Object', [])"/>
+        <xsl:variable name="state" select="ixsl:new('Object', [])"/>
         <ixsl:set-property name="rdfaEditor" select="$state" object="ixsl:window()"/>
         <xsl:for-each select="('editingSpan', 'range', 'activeBlock', 'draggedBlock',
                 'editRange', 'editingLink', 'insertHost', 'lastUndoHost',
diff --git a/src/navigate.xsl b/src/navigate.xsl
index 980228b..1349354 100644
--- a/src/navigate.xsl
+++ b/src/navigate.xsl
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ version="3.0">
                             <xsl:sequence select="ixsl:call(rdfae:selection(),
                                 'setBaseAndExtent', [ $node, $position - 1, $node,
                                     $position - 1 + string-length($query) ])[current-date() lt xs:date('2000-01-01')]"/>
-                            <xsl:sequence select="ixsl:call(ixsl:get($node, 'parentElement'), 'scrollIntoView',
+                            <xsl:sequence select="ixsl:call($node/parent::*, 'scrollIntoView',
                                 [ map{ 'block': 'center' } ])[current-date() lt xs:date('2000-01-01')]"/>
                             <ixsl:set-property name="findNode" select="$node" object="rdfae:editor-state()"/>
                             <ixsl:set-property name="findOffset"
diff --git a/src/typeahead.xsl b/src/typeahead.xsl
index a94ff5d..0331b5f 100644
--- a/src/typeahead.xsl
+++ b/src/typeahead.xsl
@@ -321,9 +321,7 @@ version="3.0">
                 </xsl:for-each>
                 <xsl:for-each select="$items[$next]">
                     <ixsl:set-attribute name="aria-selected" select="'true'"/>
-                    <xsl:variable name="opts" select="ixsl:call(ixsl:window(), 'Object', [])"/>
-                    <ixsl:set-property name="block" select="'nearest'" object="$opts"/>
-                    <xsl:sequence select="ixsl:call(., 'scrollIntoView', [ $opts ])[current-date() lt xs:date('2000-01-01')]"/>
+                    <xsl:sequence select="ixsl:call(., 'scrollIntoView', [ map{ 'block': 'nearest' } ])[current-date() lt xs:date('2000-01-01')]"/>
                 </xsl:for-each>
             </xsl:when>
             <xsl:otherwise/>

From d75c0018085a1f39813032e8ebe6d2995519de1a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Martynas=20Jusevi=C4=8Dius?= <martynas@atomgraph.com>
Date: Mon, 14 Sep 2026 15:40:07 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 2/6] Every string the editor shows comes from a catalog a host
 can replace.

The chrome hardcoded its English. 159 sites across eight modules - dialog
labels and buttons, the toolbar, the slash menu, the breadcrumb and
inspector, confirm() prompts, the titles set through ixsl:set-attribute -
each one a literal in the template that rendered it. A host wanting the
editor in its own language had nowhere to put a translation: overriding a
whole dialog to change a word forks markup it would rather inherit, and
editing a vendored copy of the source is worse, because the next copy
silently reverts it.

So the strings move to translations.rdf and the templates read them through
rdfae:label(). The catalog is plain RDF/XML - rdf:Description keyed by
rdf:nodeID, carrying rdfs:label per language - which needs no manifest
format of its own and is the shape a host is likely to keep its own strings
in already. A host translates the editor by overriding rdfae:translations()
to return its catalog, or by pointing $translations-href at another
document; overriding rdfae:label() as well replaces the language selection
for a host that resolves it from something richer than $translations-lang.
The keys are named after the concept rather than the English, so a catalog
can be written against them without reading the templates.

rdfae:translations() is two declarations under use-when rather than one with
a branch: in SaxonJS the catalog resolves against the page URI the way the
vocabularies do, so doc() hits the preloaded pool, and under Saxon there is
no page and static-base-uri() reaches the file the test drivers read. A
runtime branch cannot span that, because ixsl:location() does not exist to
compile against outside SaxonJS. Like the vocabularies, the catalog has to
be preloaded by the host page - index.html and the four test fixtures now
do, and generate-sef.sh copies it into dist/.

Two things a host should not have to patch travel with it. Every dialog
label now carries @for and its control an @id, so clicking the label focuses
the field it names - the labels were bare, pointing at nothing. And the
block drag handle's class becomes rdfa-editor-drag-handle: `drag-handle` is
a token a host is likely to have styled already, and when it has, its own
rule hides the editor's handle.

The 52 headless assertions and the browser suites pass unchanged, the two
tolerated false results (noId, noMsoClass) being exactly the two on master.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01BSRUJBNKKjdgJeP3qRZTPd
---
 generate-sef.sh                               |   3 +
 index.html                                    |   6 +-
 src/annotate.xsl                              |   6 +-
 src/edit.xsl                                  | 110 +++---
 src/index.xsl                                 |   2 +
 src/input.xsl                                 |  24 +-
 src/ldh-blocks.xsl                            |  44 +--
 src/navigate.xsl                              |  46 +--
 src/overlay.xsl                               |  44 +--
 src/select.xsl                                |   2 +-
 src/tables.xsl                                |  20 +-
 src/translations.xsl                          |  61 ++++
 src/typeahead.xsl                             |   2 +-
 tests/browser/editor.mjs                      |   2 +-
 tests/browser/features.mjs                    |   2 +-
 tests/browser/multiinstance.mjs               |   2 +-
 tests/browser/tables.mjs                      |   2 +-
 tests/fixture-blocks.html                     |   2 +-
 tests/fixture-dragnest.html                   |   2 +-
 tests/fixture-nesting.html                    |   2 +-
 tests/fixture.html                            |   4 +-
 tests/fixtures/08-rendering-skip.xhtml        |   2 +-
 .../fixtures/canonical/01-chrome-strip.xhtml  |  10 +-
 .../canonical/02-rendering-strip.xhtml        |   2 +-
 .../08-editor-emission-roundtrip.xhtml        |   2 +-
 .../canonical/23-ldh-block-placeholder.xhtml  |   2 +-
 .../canonical/23-nested-chrome-strip.xhtml    |  16 +-
 translations.rdf                              | 345 ++++++++++++++++++
 28 files changed, 589 insertions(+), 178 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/translations.xsl
 create mode 100644 translations.rdf

diff --git a/generate-sef.sh b/generate-sef.sh
index 769e659..68436ef 100644
--- a/generate-sef.sh
+++ b/generate-sef.sh
@@ -36,3 +36,6 @@ fi
 mkdir -p dist/vocabs
 cp vocabs/*.rdf dist/vocabs/
 echo "✓ Vocabularies copied to dist/vocabs/"
+
+cp translations.rdf dist/
+echo "✓ Translations copied to dist/"
diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index c45d8bb..13a8fd3 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@
 		  <script type="text/javascript" src="lib/xml-c14n-sync.js"></script>
 		  <script type="text/javascript">
 				window.onload = function() {
-					// preload the vocabulary documents into the SaxonJS document pool,
-					// so doc() resolves them synchronously during initialization
-					const vocabs = ["vocabs/foaf.rdf", "vocabs/dcterms.rdf"];
+					// preload the vocabulary documents and the string catalog into the SaxonJS
+					// document pool, so doc() resolves them synchronously during initialization
+					const vocabs = ["vocabs/foaf.rdf", "vocabs/dcterms.rdf", "translations.rdf"];
 					Promise.all(vocabs.map(href =>
 							SaxonJS.getResource({ location: href, type: "xml" })))
 						.then(resources => {
diff --git a/src/annotate.xsl b/src/annotate.xsl
index ca6e509..dc88332 100644
--- a/src/annotate.xsl
+++ b/src/annotate.xsl
@@ -274,8 +274,8 @@ version="3.0">
                 <div id="output-modal" class="rdfa-editor-ui" style="display: none;">
                     <div class="modal-content">
                         <span class="modal-close">&#215;</span>
-                        <h3 id="output-title">Output</h3>
-                        <button id="output-download" type="button" style="display: none;">Download</button>
+                        <h3 id="output-title"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('output')"/></h3>
+                        <button id="output-download" type="button" style="display: none;"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('download')"/></button>
                         <pre id="output-content"/>
                     </div>
                 </div>
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ version="3.0">
         </xsl:variable>
 
         <xsl:call-template name="rdfae:show-output">
-            <xsl:with-param name="title" select="'Extracted RDF/XML'"/>
+            <xsl:with-param name="title" select="rdfae:label('extracted-rdfxml')"/>
             <xsl:with-param name="text" select="serialize(rdfae:group-triples($rdf), map{ 'method': 'xml', 'indent': true() })"/>
             <xsl:with-param name="filename" select="'content.rdf'"/>
             <xsl:with-param name="media-type" select="'application/rdf+xml'"/>
diff --git a/src/edit.xsl b/src/edit.xsl
index b838e05..51e81dd 100644
--- a/src/edit.xsl
+++ b/src/edit.xsl
@@ -550,9 +550,9 @@ version="3.0">
         <xsl:if test="empty($block/*[@data-role = 'chrome'])">
             <xsl:variable name="chrome" as="element()" select="rdfae:element('span')"/>
             <ixsl:set-attribute name="data-role" select="'chrome'" object="$chrome"/>
-            <ixsl:set-attribute name="class" select="'drag-handle'" object="$chrome"/>
+            <ixsl:set-attribute name="class" select="'rdfa-editor-drag-handle'" object="$chrome"/>
             <ixsl:set-attribute name="contenteditable" select="'false'" object="$chrome"/>
-            <ixsl:set-attribute name="title" select="'Drag to reorder'" object="$chrome"/>
+            <ixsl:set-attribute name="title" select="rdfae:label('drag-to-reorder')" object="$chrome"/>
             <ixsl:set-property name="textContent" select="'&#x283F;'" object="$chrome"/>
             <xsl:sequence select="ixsl:call($block, 'prepend', [ $chrome ])[current-date() lt xs:date('2000-01-01')]"/>
         </xsl:if>
@@ -589,48 +589,48 @@ version="3.0">
     </xsl:template>
 
     <xsl:template name="rdfae:render-toolbar">
-        <div id="edit-toolbar" class="rdfa-editor-ui" role="toolbar" aria-label="Editing toolbar">
-            <div class="tb-group" role="group" aria-label="Block">
-                <select name="block-type" title="Block type" aria-label="Block type">
-                    <option value="p">Paragraph</option>
-                    <option value="h1">Heading 1</option>
-                    <option value="h2">Heading 2</option>
-                    <option value="h3">Heading 3</option>
-                    <option value="pre">Preformatted</option>
+        <div id="edit-toolbar" class="rdfa-editor-ui" role="toolbar" aria-label="{rdfae:label('toolbar')}">
+            <div class="tb-group" role="group" aria-label="{rdfae:label('toolbar-group-block')}">
+                <select name="block-type" title="{rdfae:label('block-type')}" aria-label="{rdfae:label('block-type')}">
+                    <option value="p"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('block-paragraph')"/></option>
+                    <option value="h1"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('block-heading-1')"/></option>
+                    <option value="h2"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('block-heading-2')"/></option>
+                    <option value="h3"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('block-heading-3')"/></option>
+                    <option value="pre"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('block-preformatted')"/></option>
                 </select>
             </div>
-            <div class="tb-group" role="group" aria-label="Text">
-                <button type="button" class="format-inline" data-element="strong" aria-pressed="false" title="Bold" aria-label="Bold"><strong>B</strong></button>
-                <button type="button" class="format-inline" data-element="em" aria-pressed="false" title="Italic" aria-label="Italic"><em>I</em></button>
-                <button type="button" class="format-link" aria-pressed="false" title="Link" aria-label="Link">&#x1F517;</button>
+            <div class="tb-group" role="group" aria-label="{rdfae:label('rdfa-object-text')}">
+                <button type="button" class="format-inline" data-element="strong" aria-pressed="false" title="{rdfae:label('bold')}" aria-label="{rdfae:label('bold')}"><strong>B</strong></button>
+                <button type="button" class="format-inline" data-element="em" aria-pressed="false" title="{rdfae:label('italic')}" aria-label="{rdfae:label('italic')}"><em>I</em></button>
+                <button type="button" class="format-link" aria-pressed="false" title="{rdfae:label('rdfa-object-link')}" aria-label="{rdfae:label('rdfa-object-link')}">&#x1F517;</button>
             </div>
-            <div class="tb-group" role="group" aria-label="Blocks">
-                <button type="button" class="insert-block" title="Add paragraph" aria-label="Add paragraph">+ &#xB6;</button>
-                <button type="button" class="insert-list" data-list="ul" aria-pressed="false" title="Bulleted list" aria-label="Bulleted list">&#x2022; List</button>
-                <button type="button" class="insert-list" data-list="ol" aria-pressed="false" title="Numbered list" aria-label="Numbered list">1. List</button>
-                <button type="button" class="format-quote" aria-pressed="false" title="Quote" aria-label="Quote">&#x201C;&#x201D;</button>
+            <div class="tb-group" role="group" aria-label="{rdfae:label('toolbar-group-blocks')}">
+                <button type="button" class="insert-block" title="{rdfae:label('add-paragraph')}" aria-label="{rdfae:label('add-paragraph')}">+ &#xB6;</button>
+                <button type="button" class="insert-list" data-list="ul" aria-pressed="false" title="{rdfae:label('bulleted-list')}" aria-label="{rdfae:label('bulleted-list')}">&#x2022; List</button>
+                <button type="button" class="insert-list" data-list="ol" aria-pressed="false" title="{rdfae:label('numbered-list')}" aria-label="{rdfae:label('numbered-list')}">1. List</button>
+                <button type="button" class="format-quote" aria-pressed="false" title="{rdfae:label('quote')}" aria-label="{rdfae:label('quote')}">&#x201C;&#x201D;</button>
             </div>
-            <div class="tb-group" role="group" aria-label="Insert">
-                <button type="button" class="insert-figure" title="Insert figure" aria-label="Insert figure">&#x1F5BC;</button>
-                <button type="button" class="insert-table" title="Insert table" aria-label="Insert table">&#x229E;</button>
+            <div class="tb-group" role="group" aria-label="{rdfae:label('insert')}">
+                <button type="button" class="insert-figure" title="{rdfae:label('insert-figure')}" aria-label="{rdfae:label('insert-figure')}">&#x1F5BC;</button>
+                <button type="button" class="insert-table" title="{rdfae:label('insert-table')}" aria-label="{rdfae:label('insert-table')}">&#x229E;</button>
                 <xsl:call-template name="rdfae:render-extra-insert-buttons"/>
             </div>
-            <div class="tb-group table-ops" role="group" aria-label="Table operations">
-                <button type="button" class="table-op" data-op="row-above" disabled="disabled" title="Insert row above" aria-label="Insert row above">&#x2191;R</button>
-                <button type="button" class="table-op" data-op="row-below" disabled="disabled" title="Insert row below" aria-label="Insert row below">&#x2193;R</button>
-                <button type="button" class="table-op" data-op="col-left" disabled="disabled" title="Insert column left" aria-label="Insert column left">&#x2190;C</button>
-                <button type="button" class="table-op" data-op="col-right" disabled="disabled" title="Insert column right" aria-label="Insert column right">&#x2192;C</button>
-                <button type="button" class="table-op" data-op="del-row" disabled="disabled" title="Delete row" aria-label="Delete row">&#x2212;R</button>
-                <button type="button" class="table-op" data-op="del-col" disabled="disabled" title="Delete column" aria-label="Delete column">&#x2212;C</button>
+            <div class="tb-group table-ops" role="group" aria-label="{rdfae:label('toolbar-group-table-ops')}">
+                <button type="button" class="table-op" data-op="row-above" disabled="disabled" title="{rdfae:label('insert-row-above')}" aria-label="{rdfae:label('insert-row-above')}">&#x2191;R</button>
+                <button type="button" class="table-op" data-op="row-below" disabled="disabled" title="{rdfae:label('insert-row-below')}" aria-label="{rdfae:label('insert-row-below')}">&#x2193;R</button>
+                <button type="button" class="table-op" data-op="col-left" disabled="disabled" title="{rdfae:label('insert-column-left')}" aria-label="{rdfae:label('insert-column-left')}">&#x2190;C</button>
+                <button type="button" class="table-op" data-op="col-right" disabled="disabled" title="{rdfae:label('insert-column-right')}" aria-label="{rdfae:label('insert-column-right')}">&#x2192;C</button>
+                <button type="button" class="table-op" data-op="del-row" disabled="disabled" title="{rdfae:label('delete-row')}" aria-label="{rdfae:label('delete-row')}">&#x2212;R</button>
+                <button type="button" class="table-op" data-op="del-col" disabled="disabled" title="{rdfae:label('delete-column')}" aria-label="{rdfae:label('delete-column')}">&#x2212;C</button>
             </div>
-            <div class="tb-group" role="group" aria-label="Block actions">
-                <button type="button" class="delete-block" title="Delete block" aria-label="Delete block">&#x2715;</button>
+            <div class="tb-group" role="group" aria-label="{rdfae:label('toolbar-group-block-actions')}">
+                <button type="button" class="delete-block" title="{rdfae:label('delete-block')}" aria-label="{rdfae:label('delete-block')}">&#x2715;</button>
             </div>
-            <div class="tb-group" role="group" aria-label="View">
-                <button type="button" id="toc-toggle" title="Table of contents" aria-label="Table of contents">&#x2630;</button>
-                <button type="button" id="inspector-toggle" title="Properties" aria-label="Subject properties">&#x24C5;</button>
-                <button type="button" id="find-open" title="Find and replace" aria-label="Find and replace">&#x1F50D;</button>
-                <button type="button" id="view-source" title="Canonical XHTML+RDFa" aria-label="View canonical source">Source</button>
+            <div class="tb-group" role="group" aria-label="{rdfae:label('view')}">
+                <button type="button" id="toc-toggle" title="{rdfae:label('table-of-contents')}" aria-label="{rdfae:label('table-of-contents')}">&#x2630;</button>
+                <button type="button" id="inspector-toggle" title="{rdfae:label('properties')}" aria-label="{rdfae:label('subject-properties')}">&#x24C5;</button>
+                <button type="button" id="find-open" title="{rdfae:label('find-and-replace')}" aria-label="{rdfae:label('find-and-replace')}">&#x1F50D;</button>
+                <button type="button" id="view-source" title="{rdfae:label('canonical-xhtml-rdfa')}" aria-label="{rdfae:label('view-canonical-source')}"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('source')"/></button>
             </div>
         </div>
     </xsl:template>
@@ -2087,7 +2087,7 @@ version="3.0">
     <xsl:template match="button[contains-token(@class, 'delete-block')]" mode="ixsl:onclick">
         <xsl:for-each select="rdfae:current-block()">
             <xsl:variable name="confirmed" as="xs:boolean" select="rdfae:block-text(.) = ''
-                or ixsl:call(ixsl:window(), 'confirm', [ 'Delete this block?' ])"/>
+                or ixsl:call(ixsl:window(), 'confirm', [ rdfae:label('confirm-delete-block') ])"/>
             <xsl:if test="$confirmed">
                 <xsl:call-template name="rdfae:push-undo"/>
                 <xsl:variable name="prev" as="element()?" select="preceding-sibling::*[1]"/>
@@ -2142,13 +2142,13 @@ version="3.0">
 
     <xsl:template name="rdfae:render-link-dialog">
         <div id="link-dialog" class="rdfa-editor-ui edit-dialog" role="dialog" aria-modal="true"
-                aria-label="Link" style="display: none;">
-            <label>Link target (href)</label>
-            <input type="text" name="href" placeholder="https://..."/>
+                aria-label="{rdfae:label('rdfa-object-link')}" style="display: none;">
+            <label for="link-href"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('link-href')"/></label>
+            <input type="text" id="link-href" name="href" placeholder="https://..."/>
             <div class="action-buttons">
-                <button type="button" class="btn-danger link-remove" style="display: none;">Remove link</button>
-                <button type="button" class="btn-primary link-save">Save</button>
-                <button type="button" class="btn-secondary link-cancel">Cancel</button>
+                <button type="button" class="btn-danger link-remove" style="display: none;"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('remove-link')"/></button>
+                <button type="button" class="btn-primary link-save"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('save')"/></button>
+                <button type="button" class="btn-secondary link-cancel"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('cancel')"/></button>
             </div>
         </div>
     </xsl:template>
@@ -2276,16 +2276,16 @@ version="3.0">
 
     <xsl:template name="rdfae:render-figure-dialog">
         <div id="figure-dialog" class="rdfa-editor-ui edit-dialog" role="dialog" aria-modal="true"
-                aria-label="Insert figure" style="display: none;">
-            <label>Image URL (src)</label>
-            <input type="text" name="src" placeholder="https://... or relative path"/>
-            <label>Alternate text (alt)</label>
-            <input type="text" name="alt"/>
-            <label>Caption</label>
-            <input type="text" name="caption"/>
+                aria-label="{rdfae:label('insert-figure')}" style="display: none;">
+            <label for="figure-src"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('figure-src')"/></label>
+            <input type="text" id="figure-src" name="src" placeholder="{rdfae:label('figure-src-placeholder')}"/>
+            <label for="figure-alt"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('figure-alt')"/></label>
+            <input type="text" id="figure-alt" name="alt"/>
+            <label for="figure-caption"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('caption')"/></label>
+            <input type="text" id="figure-caption" name="caption"/>
             <div class="action-buttons">
-                <button type="button" class="btn-primary figure-save">Insert</button>
-                <button type="button" class="btn-secondary figure-cancel">Cancel</button>
+                <button type="button" class="btn-primary figure-save"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('insert')"/></button>
+                <button type="button" class="btn-secondary figure-cancel"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('cancel')"/></button>
             </div>
         </div>
     </xsl:template>
@@ -2326,13 +2326,13 @@ version="3.0">
     <!-- ported from LinkedDataHub client/block.xsl; handle-gated draggable because a
          permanently draggable contenteditable block breaks text selection -->
 
-    <xsl:template match="span[contains-token(@class, 'drag-handle')]" mode="ixsl:onmousedown">
+    <xsl:template match="span[contains-token(@class, 'rdfa-editor-drag-handle')]" mode="ixsl:onmousedown">
         <xsl:for-each select="rdfae:handle-block(.)">
             <ixsl:set-attribute name="draggable" select="'true'"/>
         </xsl:for-each>
     </xsl:template>
 
-    <xsl:template match="span[contains-token(@class, 'drag-handle')]" mode="ixsl:onmouseup">
+    <xsl:template match="span[contains-token(@class, 'rdfa-editor-drag-handle')]" mode="ixsl:onmouseup">
         <xsl:for-each select="rdfae:handle-block(.)">
             <ixsl:remove-attribute name="draggable"/>
         </xsl:for-each>
@@ -2576,7 +2576,7 @@ version="3.0">
             </xsl:call-template>
         </xsl:variable>
         <xsl:call-template name="rdfae:show-output">
-            <xsl:with-param name="title" select="'Canonical XHTML+RDFa'"/>
+            <xsl:with-param name="title" select="rdfae:label('canonical-xhtml-rdfa')"/>
             <xsl:with-param name="text" select="rdfae:canonicalize-xml(parse-xml(serialize($canonical, map{ 'method': 'xml' })))"/>
             <xsl:with-param name="filename" select="'content.xhtml'"/>
             <xsl:with-param name="media-type" select="'application/xhtml+xml'"/>
diff --git a/src/index.xsl b/src/index.xsl
index 31fe9cd..4a236e1 100644
--- a/src/index.xsl
+++ b/src/index.xsl
@@ -27,8 +27,10 @@ version="3.0">
     - tables.xsl           table blocks: insert dialog, row/column operations, cell traversal
     - select.xsl           region-scoped select-all and cross-host selection delete
     - input.xsl            input triggers: slash menu and markdown shorthands
+    - translations.xsl     the string catalog every emitter reads its labels from
 -->
 
+    <xsl:include href="translations.xsl"/>
     <xsl:include href="RDFa2RDFXML-v3.xsl"/>
     <xsl:include href="group-sort-triples.xsl"/>
     <xsl:include href="content-model.xsl"/>
diff --git a/src/input.xsl b/src/input.xsl
index 4f8fd2e..8405079 100644
--- a/src/input.xsl
+++ b/src/input.xsl
@@ -222,19 +222,19 @@ version="3.0">
     <!-- ................................ slash menu ................................ -->
 
     <xsl:template name="rdfae:render-slash-menu">
-        <div id="slash-menu" class="rdfa-editor-ui" role="listbox" aria-label="Insert block" style="display: none;">
-            <input type="text" class="slash-filter" placeholder="Filter blocks..." aria-label="Filter blocks"/>
+        <div id="slash-menu" class="rdfa-editor-ui" role="listbox" aria-label="{rdfae:label('insert-block')}" style="display: none;">
+            <input type="text" class="slash-filter" placeholder="{rdfae:label('filter-blocks-placeholder')}" aria-label="{rdfae:label('filter-blocks')}"/>
             <ul class="slash-items">
-                <li class="slash-item" data-command="p" role="option">Paragraph</li>
-                <li class="slash-item" data-command="h1" role="option">Heading 1</li>
-                <li class="slash-item" data-command="h2" role="option">Heading 2</li>
-                <li class="slash-item" data-command="h3" role="option">Heading 3</li>
-                <li class="slash-item" data-command="blockquote" role="option">Quote</li>
-                <li class="slash-item" data-command="pre" role="option">Code</li>
-                <li class="slash-item" data-command="ul" role="option">Bulleted list</li>
-                <li class="slash-item" data-command="ol" role="option">Numbered list</li>
-                <li class="slash-item" data-command="figure" role="option">Figure&#x2026;</li>
-                <li class="slash-item" data-command="table" role="option">Table&#x2026;</li>
+                <li class="slash-item" data-command="p" role="option"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('block-paragraph')"/></li>
+                <li class="slash-item" data-command="h1" role="option"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('block-heading-1')"/></li>
+                <li class="slash-item" data-command="h2" role="option"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('block-heading-2')"/></li>
+                <li class="slash-item" data-command="h3" role="option"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('block-heading-3')"/></li>
+                <li class="slash-item" data-command="blockquote" role="option"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('quote')"/></li>
+                <li class="slash-item" data-command="pre" role="option"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('code')"/></li>
+                <li class="slash-item" data-command="ul" role="option"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('bulleted-list')"/></li>
+                <li class="slash-item" data-command="ol" role="option"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('numbered-list')"/></li>
+                <li class="slash-item" data-command="figure" role="option"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('figure-ellipsis')"/></li>
+                <li class="slash-item" data-command="table" role="option"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('table-ellipsis')"/></li>
                 <!-- extension items (dispatched via rdfae:run-extra-slash-command;
                      the generic filter/arrow/Enter machinery applies untouched) -->
                 <xsl:call-template name="rdfae:render-extra-slash-items"/>
diff --git a/src/ldh-blocks.xsl b/src/ldh-blocks.xsl
index 4d8636e..7e0b46c 100644
--- a/src/ldh-blocks.xsl
+++ b/src/ldh-blocks.xsl
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ version="3.0">
         <xsl:param name="error" as="item()?"/>
         <xsl:call-template name="rdfae:block-render-error">
             <xsl:with-param name="island" select="$island"/>
-            <xsl:with-param name="message" select="'Failed to load block data'"/>
+            <xsl:with-param name="message" select="rdfae:label('failed-to-load-block-data')"/>
         </xsl:call-template>
     </xsl:function>
 
@@ -285,58 +285,58 @@ version="3.0">
 
     <xsl:template name="rdfae:render-extra-dialogs">
         <div id="ldh-block-dialog" class="rdfa-editor-ui edit-dialog" role="dialog" aria-modal="true"
-                aria-label="Insert block" style="display: none;">
-            <label>Block type</label>
+                aria-label="{rdfae:label('insert-block')}" style="display: none;">
+            <label><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('block-type')"/></label>
             <select name="block-type-iri">
-                <option value="https://w3id.org/atomgraph/rdfa-editor#reference">Resource</option>
-                <option value="&ldh;View">View</option>
-                <option value="&ldh;ResultSetChart">Result set chart</option>
+                <option value="https://w3id.org/atomgraph/rdfa-editor#reference"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('resource')"/></option>
+                <option value="&ldh;View"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('view')"/></option>
+                <option value="&ldh;ResultSetChart"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('result-set-chart')"/></option>
             </select>
             <!-- a reference block IS the referenced resource: its absolute URI
                  goes straight into @about, no fragment id and no wrapper node -->
             <div class="ldh-fields ldh-fields-reference">
-                <label>Resource URI</label>
+                <label><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('resource-uri')"/></label>
                 <input type="text" name="reference-uri" placeholder="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Ada_Lovelace"/>
             </div>
             <!-- defined blocks are document parts: fragment @about + @typeof -->
             <div class="ldh-fields ldh-fields-frag" style="display: none;">
-                <label>Fragment id</label>
+                <label><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('fragment-id')"/></label>
                 <input type="text" name="about" placeholder="#chart-1"/>
             </div>
             <div class="ldh-fields ldh-fields-view" style="display: none;">
-                <label>Query URI</label>
+                <label><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('query-uri')"/></label>
                 <input type="text" name="view-query"/>
-                <label>Mode URI (optional)</label>
+                <label><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('mode-uri-optional')"/></label>
                 <input type="text" name="view-mode"/>
             </div>
             <div class="ldh-fields ldh-fields-chart" style="display: none;">
-                <label>Query URI</label>
+                <label><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('query-uri')"/></label>
                 <input type="text" name="chart-query"/>
-                <label>Chart type</label>
+                <label><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('chart-type')"/></label>
                 <select name="chart-type">
-                    <option value="&ac;Table">Table</option>
-                    <option value="&ac;BarChart">Bar chart</option>
-                    <option value="&ac;LineChart">Line chart</option>
-                    <option value="&ac;ScatterChart">Scatter chart</option>
+                    <option value="&ac;Table"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('chart-table')"/></option>
+                    <option value="&ac;BarChart"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('chart-bar')"/></option>
+                    <option value="&ac;LineChart"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('chart-line')"/></option>
+                    <option value="&ac;ScatterChart"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('chart-scatter')"/></option>
                 </select>
-                <label>Category variable</label>
+                <label><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('chart-category-var')"/></label>
                 <input type="text" name="chart-category"/>
-                <label>Series variable</label>
+                <label><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('chart-series-var')"/></label>
                 <input type="text" name="chart-series"/>
             </div>
             <div class="action-buttons">
-                <button type="button" class="btn-primary ldh-block-save">Insert</button>
-                <button type="button" class="btn-secondary ldh-block-cancel">Cancel</button>
+                <button type="button" class="btn-primary ldh-block-save"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('insert')"/></button>
+                <button type="button" class="btn-secondary ldh-block-cancel"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('cancel')"/></button>
             </div>
         </div>
     </xsl:template>
 
     <xsl:template name="rdfae:render-extra-insert-buttons">
-        <button type="button" class="insert-ldh-block" title="Insert block" aria-label="Insert LinkedDataHub block">&#x25A6;</button>
+        <button type="button" class="insert-ldh-block" title="{rdfae:label('insert-block')}" aria-label="{rdfae:label('insert-block')}">&#x25A6;</button>
     </xsl:template>
 
     <xsl:template name="rdfae:render-extra-slash-items">
-        <li class="slash-item" data-command="ldh-block" role="option">Block&#x2026;</li>
+        <li class="slash-item" data-command="ldh-block" role="option"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('block-ellipsis')"/></li>
     </xsl:template>
 
     <!-- reset to the reference defaults (mirrors the figure/table openers) -->
diff --git a/src/navigate.xsl b/src/navigate.xsl
index 1349354..d5ef254 100644
--- a/src/navigate.xsl
+++ b/src/navigate.xsl
@@ -24,23 +24,23 @@ version="3.0">
     <xsl:template name="rdfae:init-navigate">
         <xsl:for-each select="ixsl:page()//body">
             <xsl:result-document href="?." method="ixsl:append-content">
-                <aside id="toc-drawer" class="rdfa-editor-ui" role="navigation" aria-label="Table of contents" style="display: none;">
-                    <button type="button" id="toc-close" class="toc-close" title="Close" aria-label="Close table of contents">&#215;</button>
-                    <h2>Contents</h2>
+                <aside id="toc-drawer" class="rdfa-editor-ui" role="navigation" aria-label="{rdfae:label('table-of-contents')}" style="display: none;">
+                    <button type="button" id="toc-close" class="toc-close" title="{rdfae:label('close')}" aria-label="{rdfae:label('close-table-of-contents')}">&#215;</button>
+                    <h2><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('contents')"/></h2>
                     <div id="toc-list"/>
                 </aside>
-                <aside id="inspector-drawer" class="rdfa-editor-ui" role="complementary" aria-label="Subject properties" style="display: none;">
-                    <button type="button" id="inspector-close" class="inspector-close" title="Close" aria-label="Close properties">&#215;</button>
-                    <h2>Properties</h2>
+                <aside id="inspector-drawer" class="rdfa-editor-ui" role="complementary" aria-label="{rdfae:label('subject-properties')}" style="display: none;">
+                    <button type="button" id="inspector-close" class="inspector-close" title="{rdfae:label('close')}" aria-label="{rdfae:label('close-properties')}">&#215;</button>
+                    <h2><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('properties')"/></h2>
                     <div id="inspector-subject"/>
                     <div id="inspector-body"/>
                 </aside>
-                <footer id="rdfa-editor-breadcrumb" class="rdfa-editor-ui" role="navigation" aria-label="Document position">
+                <footer id="rdfa-editor-breadcrumb" class="rdfa-editor-ui" role="navigation" aria-label="{rdfae:label('document-position')}">
                     <div id="rdfa-editor-breadcrumb-path"/>
                     <div id="rdfa-editor-breadcrumb-meta">
                         <span id="rdfa-editor-breadcrumb-subject"/>
                         <button type="button" id="lint-badge" class="lint-badge"
-                            aria-label="RDFa validation issues" style="display: none;"/>
+                            aria-label="{rdfae:label('rdfa-validation-issues')}" style="display: none;"/>
                     </div>
                 </footer>
                 <xsl:call-template name="rdfae:render-find-dialog"/>
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ version="3.0">
                         </xsl:call-template>
                     </xsl:when>
                     <xsl:otherwise>
-                        <p class="helper-text">No headings yet.</p>
+                        <p class="helper-text"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('no-headings')"/></p>
                     </xsl:otherwise>
                 </xsl:choose>
             </xsl:result-document>
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ version="3.0">
                             </xsl:for-each>
                         </xsl:when>
                         <xsl:otherwise>
-                            <p class="helper-text">No properties on this subject.</p>
+                            <p class="helper-text"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('no-subject-properties')"/></p>
                         </xsl:otherwise>
                     </xsl:choose>
                 </xsl:result-document>
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ version="3.0">
             select="rdfae:roots() ! lint:lintable(.) ! (lint:element-issues(.), lint:nesting-issues(.))
                 ! (string(@code) || ' &#x2014; ' || normalize-space(string(.)))"/>
         <xsl:call-template name="rdfae:show-output">
-            <xsl:with-param name="title" select="'Validation issues'"/>
+            <xsl:with-param name="title" select="rdfae:label('validation-issues')"/>
             <xsl:with-param name="text" select="string-join($lines, '&#10;')"/>
         </xsl:call-template>
     </xsl:template>
@@ -517,19 +517,19 @@ version="3.0">
 
     <xsl:template name="rdfae:render-find-dialog">
         <div id="find-dialog" class="rdfa-editor-ui edit-dialog" role="dialog" aria-modal="true"
-                aria-label="Find and replace" style="display: none;">
-            <label>Find</label>
-            <input type="text" name="find"/>
-            <label>Replace with</label>
-            <input type="text" name="replace"/>
+                aria-label="{rdfae:label('find-and-replace')}" style="display: none;">
+            <label for="find-text"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('find')"/></label>
+            <input type="text" id="find-text" name="find"/>
+            <label for="find-replace"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('replace-with')"/></label>
+            <input type="text" id="find-replace" name="replace"/>
             <label class="checkbox-label">
-                <input type="checkbox" name="match-case"/> Match case
+                <input type="checkbox" name="match-case"/><xsl:text> </xsl:text><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('match-case')"/>
             </label>
             <div class="action-buttons">
-                <button type="button" class="btn-primary find-next">Find next</button>
-                <button type="button" class="btn-secondary replace-current">Replace</button>
-                <button type="button" class="btn-secondary replace-all">Replace all</button>
-                <button type="button" class="btn-secondary find-close">Close</button>
+                <button type="button" class="btn-primary find-next"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('find-next')"/></button>
+                <button type="button" class="btn-secondary replace-current"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('replace')"/></button>
+                <button type="button" class="btn-secondary replace-all"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('replace-all')"/></button>
+                <button type="button" class="btn-secondary find-close"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('close')"/></button>
             </div>
             <span id="find-status" class="helper-text"/>
         </div>
@@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ version="3.0">
         <xsl:choose>
             <xsl:when test="$query = ''">
                 <xsl:call-template name="rdfae:find-status">
-                    <xsl:with-param name="message" select="'Enter a search term.'"/>
+                    <xsl:with-param name="message" select="rdfae:label('enter-search-term')"/>
                 </xsl:call-template>
             </xsl:when>
             <xsl:otherwise>
@@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ version="3.0">
                 <xsl:iterate select="$plan">
                     <xsl:on-completion>
                         <xsl:call-template name="rdfae:find-status">
-                            <xsl:with-param name="message" select="'No matches.'"/>
+                            <xsl:with-param name="message" select="rdfae:label('no-matches')"/>
                         </xsl:call-template>
                         <ixsl:set-property name="findNode" select="()" object="rdfae:editor-state()"/>
                         <ixsl:set-property name="findOffset" select="1" object="rdfae:editor-state()"/>
diff --git a/src/overlay.xsl b/src/overlay.xsl
index cd076d8..f6caf23 100644
--- a/src/overlay.xsl
+++ b/src/overlay.xsl
@@ -32,45 +32,45 @@ version="3.0">
     </xsl:template>
 
     <xsl:template name="rdfae:render-overlay">
-        <div id="{$rdfae:overlay-id}" class="rdfa-editor-ui" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-label="RDFa annotation" style="display: none;">
+        <div id="{$rdfae:overlay-id}" class="rdfa-editor-ui" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-label="{rdfae:label('rdfa-annotation')}" style="display: none;">
             <div class="overlay-header">
-                <h3>RDFa Annotation</h3>
+                <h3><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('rdfa-annotation')"/></h3>
             </div>
             <form id="annotation-form">
                 <div class="statement">
-                    <span class="stmt-role" title="Subject">S</span>
+                    <span class="stmt-role" title="{rdfae:label('rdfa-subject')}">S</span>
                     <div id="stmt-subject" class="stmt-value"/>
-                    <span class="stmt-role" title="Predicate">P</span>
+                    <span class="stmt-role" title="{rdfae:label('rdfa-predicate')}">P</span>
                     <div class="stmt-control">
                         <xsl:sequence select="rdfae:typeahead-field('property')"/>
                     </div>
-                    <span class="stmt-role" title="Object">O</span>
+                    <span class="stmt-role" title="{rdfae:label('rdfa-object')}">O</span>
                     <div class="stmt-control">
-                        <input type="text" name="value" placeholder="Literal value"/>
+                        <input type="text" name="value" placeholder="{rdfae:label('rdfa-value-placeholder')}"/>
                         <span class="helper-text">The selected text; change it to emit a machine-readable content value</span>
                     </div>
                 </div>
 
                 <details id="advanced-fields">
-                    <summary>Type, subject &amp; object</summary>
+                    <summary><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('rdfa-advanced-summary')"/></summary>
                     <fieldset>
-                        <label>Entity type (typeof)</label>
+                        <label><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('rdfa-type-typeof')"/></label>
                         <xsl:sequence select="rdfae:typeahead-field('typeof')"/>
                         <span class="helper-text">Types the annotated resource; without a subject the typed
                             resource becomes the object of the property (chaining)</span>
                     </fieldset>
                     <fieldset>
-                        <label>Subject (about)</label>
-                        <input type="text" name="subject" placeholder="Overrides the subject in scope"/>
-                        <span class="helper-text">IRI or _:blank-node identifier</span>
+                        <label><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('rdfa-subject-about')"/></label>
+                        <input type="text" name="subject" placeholder="{rdfae:label('rdfa-subject-placeholder')}"/>
+                        <span class="helper-text"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('rdfa-subject-help')"/></span>
                     </fieldset>
                     <fieldset>
-                        <label>Object (resource)</label>
-                        <input type="text" name="object" placeholder="Object IRI"/>
-                        <span class="helper-text">Makes the object a resource instead of the literal value</span>
+                        <label><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('rdfa-object-resource')"/></label>
+                        <input type="text" name="object" placeholder="{rdfae:label('rdfa-object-placeholder')}"/>
+                        <span class="helper-text"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('rdfa-object-help')"/></span>
                     </fieldset>
                     <fieldset>
-                        <label>Literal type (datatype)</label>
+                        <label><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('rdfa-datatype')"/></label>
                         <select name="datatype">
                             <option value="">(plain literal)</option>
                             <xsl:variable name="xsd" as="xs:string" select="'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#'"/>
@@ -80,21 +80,21 @@ version="3.0">
                             </xsl:for-each>
                             <option value="{$rdfae:custom}">-- Custom datatype --</option>
                         </select>
-                        <input type="text" name="custom-datatype" placeholder="Datatype IRI" style="display: none;"/>
+                        <input type="text" name="custom-datatype" placeholder="{rdfae:label('rdfa-datatype-placeholder')}" style="display: none;"/>
                         <span class="helper-text">Types the literal (e.g. xsd:date, xsd:integer);
                             mutually exclusive with a language tag</span>
                     </fieldset>
                     <fieldset>
-                        <label>Language (lang)</label>
-                        <input type="text" name="lang" placeholder="e.g. en, fr-CA"/>
-                        <span class="helper-text">Language tag for the literal; ignored when a datatype is set</span>
+                        <label><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('rdfa-language')"/></label>
+                        <input type="text" name="lang" placeholder="{rdfae:label('rdfa-language-placeholder')}"/>
+                        <span class="helper-text"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('rdfa-language-help')"/></span>
                     </fieldset>
                 </details>
 
                 <div class="action-buttons">
-                    <button type="button" class="btn-danger remove-action" style="display: none;">Remove</button>
-                    <button type="button" class="btn-primary spo-action">Annotate</button>
-                    <button type="button" class="btn-secondary cancel-action">Cancel</button>
+                    <button type="button" class="btn-danger remove-action" style="display: none;"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('remove')"/></button>
+                    <button type="button" class="btn-primary spo-action"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('annotate')"/></button>
+                    <button type="button" class="btn-secondary cancel-action"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('cancel')"/></button>
                 </div>
             </form>
         </div>
diff --git a/src/select.xsl b/src/select.xsl
index da59b5c..c0aff03 100644
--- a/src/select.xsl
+++ b/src/select.xsl
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ version="3.0">
         </xsl:if>
     </xsl:template>
 
-    <!-- a sweep ending over the page background (the host and drag-handle
+    <!-- a sweep ending over the page background (the host and rdfa-editor-drag-handle
          mouseup templates disarm on their own paths - innermost-match
          dispatch means only one of them sees the event) -->
     <xsl:template match="body | html" mode="ixsl:onmouseup">
diff --git a/src/tables.xsl b/src/tables.xsl
index e6e5936..e8a1f8e 100644
--- a/src/tables.xsl
+++ b/src/tables.xsl
@@ -116,17 +116,17 @@ version="3.0">
 
     <xsl:template name="rdfae:render-table-dialog">
         <div id="table-dialog" class="rdfa-editor-ui edit-dialog" role="dialog" aria-modal="true"
-                aria-label="Insert table" style="display: none;">
-            <label>Body rows</label>
-            <input type="number" name="rows" value="3" min="1" max="50"/>
-            <label>Columns</label>
-            <input type="number" name="cols" value="3" min="1" max="20"/>
-            <label class="checkbox-label"><input type="checkbox" name="header-row" checked="checked"/> Header row</label>
-            <label>Caption</label>
-            <input type="text" name="caption"/>
+                aria-label="{rdfae:label('insert-table')}" style="display: none;">
+            <label for="table-rows"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('table-body-rows')"/></label>
+            <input type="number" id="table-rows" name="rows" value="3" min="1" max="50"/>
+            <label for="table-cols"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('table-columns')"/></label>
+            <input type="number" id="table-cols" name="cols" value="3" min="1" max="20"/>
+            <label class="checkbox-label"><input type="checkbox" name="header-row" checked="checked"/><xsl:text> </xsl:text><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('table-header-row')"/></label>
+            <label for="table-caption"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('caption')"/></label>
+            <input type="text" id="table-caption" name="caption"/>
             <div class="action-buttons">
-                <button type="button" class="btn-primary table-save">Insert</button>
-                <button type="button" class="btn-secondary table-cancel">Cancel</button>
+                <button type="button" class="btn-primary table-save"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('insert')"/></button>
+                <button type="button" class="btn-secondary table-cancel"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('cancel')"/></button>
             </div>
         </div>
     </xsl:template>
diff --git a/src/translations.xsl b/src/translations.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f261cb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/translations.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<xsl:stylesheet
+xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
+xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
+xmlns:ixsl="http://saxonica.com/ns/interactiveXSLT"
+xmlns:rdfae="https://w3id.org/atomgraph/rdfa-editor#"
+exclude-result-prefixes="#all"
+version="3.0">
+
+<!--
+    Every user-visible string the editor emits comes from here, so the chrome can be
+    translated without touching the templates that render it. The catalog is plain
+    RDF/XML - rdf:Description carrying rdfs:label per language, keyed by rdf:nodeID -
+    which is the same shape a host is likely to keep its own strings in.
+
+    A host translates the editor by overriding rdfae:translations() to return its own
+    catalog (import precedence decides), or by pointing $translations-href at another
+    document. Overriding rdfae:label() as well replaces the language selection, for a
+    host that resolves it from something richer than a parameter.
+-->
+
+    <!-- the string catalog. A relative href resolves against the page URI and the host
+         page must preload it into the SaxonJS document pool, exactly as $vocab-hrefs does -->
+    <xsl:param name="translations-href" as="xs:string" select="'translations.rdf'"/>
+
+    <!-- the language labels are selected in. A host with its own notion of the user's
+         language (a negotiated Accept-Language, a profile setting) redeclares this -->
+    <xsl:param name="translations-lang" as="xs:string" select="'en'"/>
+
+    <!-- keyed by rdf:nodeID, the catalog's own identifiers; also matches rdf:about so a
+         host catalog that names its terms with IRIs resolves through the same lookup -->
+    <xsl:key name="resources" match="*[*][@rdf:about] | *[*][@rdf:nodeID]" use="@rdf:about | @rdf:nodeID"/>
+
+    <!-- resolved against the page URI in the browser, the way the vocabularies are, so
+         doc() hits the preloaded pool; against the stylesheet itself under Saxon, where
+         there is no page and the test drivers read the file from disk. Two declarations
+         rather than a branch, because ixsl:location() does not exist to compile against
+         outside SaxonJS -->
+
+    <xsl:function name="rdfae:translations" as="document-node()" use-when="system-property('xsl:product-name') = 'SaxonJS'">
+        <xsl:sequence select="doc(string(resolve-uri($translations-href, ixsl:location())))"/>
+    </xsl:function>
+
+    <xsl:function name="rdfae:translations" as="document-node()" use-when="not(system-property('xsl:product-name') = 'SaxonJS')">
+        <xsl:sequence select="document(resolve-uri($translations-href, static-base-uri()))"/>
+    </xsl:function>
+
+    <!-- the label for a catalog key: the exact language, else any variant of it (es-ES
+         answering es), else whatever the catalog holds, else the key itself - an untranslated
+         string is a visible key rather than an empty control -->
+    <xsl:function name="rdfae:label" as="xs:string">
+        <xsl:param name="key" as="xs:string"/>
+
+        <xsl:variable name="labels" as="element()*" select="key('resources', $key, rdfae:translations())/rdfs:label"/>
+        <xsl:sequence select="string(($labels[@xml:lang = $translations-lang], $labels[starts-with(@xml:lang, substring($translations-lang, 1, 2))], $labels, $key)[1])"/>
+    </xsl:function>
+
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/src/typeahead.xsl b/src/typeahead.xsl
index 0331b5f..7d2ab16 100644
--- a/src/typeahead.xsl
+++ b/src/typeahead.xsl
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ version="3.0">
             <xsl:result-document href="?." method="ixsl:replace-content">
                 <button type="button" class="typeahead-value" title="{$iri}">
                     <span class="typeahead-label"><xsl:value-of select="$label"/></span>
-                    <span class="typeahead-clear" role="button" aria-label="Clear">&#215;</span>
+                    <span class="typeahead-clear" role="button" aria-label="{rdfae:label('clear-facet')}">&#215;</span>
                     <input type="hidden" name="{$field}" value="{$iri}"/>
                 </button>
             </xsl:result-document>
diff --git a/tests/browser/editor.mjs b/tests/browser/editor.mjs
index 4e6e68d..248361c 100644
--- a/tests/browser/editor.mjs
+++ b/tests/browser/editor.mjs
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ results.dnd = await page.evaluate(async () => {
     const content = document.getElementById('content');
     const dragged = content.querySelector(':scope > p');
     const target = content.querySelector(':scope > blockquote');
-    const handle = dragged.querySelector('.drag-handle');
+    const handle = dragged.querySelector('.rdfa-editor-drag-handle');
     const firstTag = i => content.children[i].tagName;
     handle.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('mousedown', { bubbles: true }));
     const draggableSet = dragged.getAttribute('draggable') === 'true';
diff --git a/tests/browser/features.mjs b/tests/browser/features.mjs
index 37354aa..5bbc049 100644
--- a/tests/browser/features.mjs
+++ b/tests/browser/features.mjs
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ await page.evaluate(() => {
     const content = document.getElementById('content');
     const dragged = content.querySelector(':scope > p');
     const target = content.querySelector(':scope > blockquote');
-    dragged.querySelector('.drag-handle').dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('mousedown', { bubbles: true }));
+    dragged.querySelector('.rdfa-editor-drag-handle').dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('mousedown', { bubbles: true }));
     const dt = new DataTransfer();
     dt.setData('application/vnd.atomgraph.rdfa-editor.block', '');
     dragged.dispatchEvent(new DragEvent('dragstart', { bubbles: true, dataTransfer: dt }));
diff --git a/tests/browser/multiinstance.mjs b/tests/browser/multiinstance.mjs
index 973c37b..0c5fcaf 100644
--- a/tests/browser/multiinstance.mjs
+++ b/tests/browser/multiinstance.mjs
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ const before = await orders();
 await page.evaluate(() => {
     const block = document.querySelector('#content > p');
     const target = document.querySelector('#notes > p');
-    block.querySelector('.drag-handle').dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('mousedown', { bubbles: true }));
+    block.querySelector('.rdfa-editor-drag-handle').dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('mousedown', { bubbles: true }));
     const dt = new DataTransfer();
     dt.setData('application/vnd.atomgraph.rdfa-editor.block', '');
     block.dispatchEvent(new DragEvent('dragstart', { bubbles: true, dataTransfer: dt }));
diff --git a/tests/browser/tables.mjs b/tests/browser/tables.mjs
index c654b57..6114d63 100644
--- a/tests/browser/tables.mjs
+++ b/tests/browser/tables.mjs
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ results.drag = await page.evaluate(() => {
     const dragged = content.querySelector(':scope > table');
     const target = content.querySelector(':scope > blockquote');
     if (!dragged || !target) return { skipped: true };
-    dragged.querySelector('.drag-handle').dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('mousedown', { bubbles: true }));
+    dragged.querySelector('.rdfa-editor-drag-handle').dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('mousedown', { bubbles: true }));
     const draggableSet = dragged.getAttribute('draggable') === 'true';
     const dt = new DataTransfer();
     dt.setData('application/vnd.atomgraph.rdfa-editor.block', '');
diff --git a/tests/fixture-blocks.html b/tests/fixture-blocks.html
index f3959ec..20a1d2d 100644
--- a/tests/fixture-blocks.html
+++ b/tests/fixture-blocks.html
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
                 // point the static placeholder at this server's copy before init
                 const ref = document.querySelector('#content div[about]:not([typeof])');
                 ref.setAttribute('about', new URL('../demo/resources/ada/#this', document.baseURI).href);
-                const vocabs = ["vocabs/foaf.rdf", "vocabs/dcterms.rdf"];
+                const vocabs = ["vocabs/foaf.rdf", "vocabs/dcterms.rdf", "translations.rdf"];
                 Promise.all(vocabs.map(href =>
                         SaxonJS.getResource({ location: "../" + href, type: "xml" })))
                     .then(resources => {
diff --git a/tests/fixture-dragnest.html b/tests/fixture-dragnest.html
index 339d2d9..a843355 100644
--- a/tests/fixture-dragnest.html
+++ b/tests/fixture-dragnest.html
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 		  <script type="text/javascript" src="../lib/xml-c14n-sync.js"></script>
         <script type="text/javascript">
             window.onload = function() {
-                const vocabs = ["vocabs/foaf.rdf", "vocabs/dcterms.rdf"];
+                const vocabs = ["vocabs/foaf.rdf", "vocabs/dcterms.rdf", "translations.rdf"];
                 Promise.all(vocabs.map(href =>
                         SaxonJS.getResource({ location: "../" + href, type: "xml" })))
                     .then(resources => {
diff --git a/tests/fixture-nesting.html b/tests/fixture-nesting.html
index b9e1af8..6be7a0a 100644
--- a/tests/fixture-nesting.html
+++ b/tests/fixture-nesting.html
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 		  <script type="text/javascript" src="../lib/xml-c14n-sync.js"></script>
         <script type="text/javascript">
             window.onload = function() {
-                const vocabs = ["vocabs/foaf.rdf", "vocabs/dcterms.rdf"];
+                const vocabs = ["vocabs/foaf.rdf", "vocabs/dcterms.rdf", "translations.rdf"];
                 Promise.all(vocabs.map(href =>
                         SaxonJS.getResource({ location: "../" + href, type: "xml" })))
                     .then(resources => {
diff --git a/tests/fixture.html b/tests/fixture.html
index bd12578..d7b18b5 100644
--- a/tests/fixture.html
+++ b/tests/fixture.html
@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@
 		  <script type="text/javascript" src="../lib/xml-c14n-sync.js"></script>
 		  <script type="text/javascript">
 				window.onload = function() {
-					// preload the vocabulary documents into the SaxonJS document pool,
+					// preload the vocabulary documents and the string catalog into the SaxonJS document pool,
 					// so doc() resolves them synchronously during initialization
 					// keys stay page-relative (matching the stylesheet's vocab-hrefs,
 					// resolved against this page); the files are fetched from ../vocabs/
 					// since this fixture lives under tests/ and the vocabs at the repo root
-					const vocabs = ["vocabs/foaf.rdf", "vocabs/dcterms.rdf"];
+					const vocabs = ["vocabs/foaf.rdf", "vocabs/dcterms.rdf", "translations.rdf"];
 					Promise.all(vocabs.map(href =>
 							SaxonJS.getResource({ location: "../" + href, type: "xml" })))
 						.then(resources => {
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/08-rendering-skip.xhtml b/tests/fixtures/08-rendering-skip.xhtml
index 2210f31..71b4760 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/08-rendering-skip.xhtml
+++ b/tests/fixtures/08-rendering-skip.xhtml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
     <body about="">
         <figure about="#chart" typeof="http://schema.org/Dataset">
-            <span data-role="chrome" class="drag-handle">&#x2800;&#x28FF;</span>
+            <span data-role="chrome" class="rdfa-editor-drag-handle">&#x2800;&#x28FF;</span>
             <figcaption property="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"><span data-role="chrome">&#x2800;</span>Sales</figcaption>
             <span property="http://schema.org/encodingFormat" content="image/svg+xml"></span>
             <div data-role="rendering">
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/canonical/01-chrome-strip.xhtml b/tests/fixtures/canonical/01-chrome-strip.xhtml
index 3fdf300..4205f66 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/canonical/01-chrome-strip.xhtml
+++ b/tests/fixtures/canonical/01-chrome-strip.xhtml
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="content" about=""
      typeof="https://www.w3.org/ns/ldt/document-hierarchy#Container">
     <p contenteditable="true" draggable="true" class="dragging"><span data-role="chrome"
-        class="drag-handle" contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>First paragraph.</p>
-    <h2 contenteditable="true"><span data-role="chrome" class="drag-handle"
+        class="rdfa-editor-drag-handle" contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>First paragraph.</p>
+    <h2 contenteditable="true"><span data-role="chrome" class="rdfa-editor-drag-handle"
         contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>A heading</h2>
     <ul>
-        <span data-role="chrome" class="drag-handle" contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>
+        <span data-role="chrome" class="rdfa-editor-drag-handle" contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>
         <li contenteditable="true">Item one</li>
         <li contenteditable="true">Item two</li>
     </ul>
-    <blockquote contenteditable="true"><span data-role="chrome" class="drag-handle"
+    <blockquote contenteditable="true"><span data-role="chrome" class="rdfa-editor-drag-handle"
         contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>A quote.</blockquote>
     <figure>
-        <span data-role="chrome" class="drag-handle" contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>
+        <span data-role="chrome" class="rdfa-editor-drag-handle" contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>
         <img src="pic.png" alt="Pic"/>
         <figcaption contenteditable="true">Caption</figcaption>
     </figure>
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/canonical/02-rendering-strip.xhtml b/tests/fixtures/canonical/02-rendering-strip.xhtml
index 57982d5..7e8139e 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/canonical/02-rendering-strip.xhtml
+++ b/tests/fixtures/canonical/02-rendering-strip.xhtml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="content" about="">
     <figure about="#top-selling" typeof="https://w3id.org/atomgraph/linkeddatahub#ResultSetChart">
-        <span data-role="chrome" class="drag-handle" contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>
+        <span data-role="chrome" class="rdfa-editor-drag-handle" contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>
         <figcaption property="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title" contenteditable="true">Top selling</figcaption>
         <span property="http://spinrdf.org/spin#query" resource="#products-query"></span>
         <span property="https://w3id.org/atomgraph/linkeddatahub#categoryVarName" content="productName"></span>
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/canonical/08-editor-emission-roundtrip.xhtml b/tests/fixtures/canonical/08-editor-emission-roundtrip.xhtml
index dbd36eb..127b1cb 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/canonical/08-editor-emission-roundtrip.xhtml
+++ b/tests/fixtures/canonical/08-editor-emission-roundtrip.xhtml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="content" about="">
-    <p contenteditable="true"><span data-role="chrome" class="drag-handle" contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>Author
+    <p contenteditable="true"><span data-role="chrome" class="rdfa-editor-drag-handle" contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>Author
         <span property="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name">John Doe</span>
         wrote this <span property="http://purl.org/dc/terms/created" content="2024-06-01">last month</span>.
         Reviewed by <span property="http://schema.org/author" typeof="http://schema.org/Person">Jane Smith</span>.
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/canonical/23-ldh-block-placeholder.xhtml b/tests/fixtures/canonical/23-ldh-block-placeholder.xhtml
index f98c8bb..7c24cc4 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/canonical/23-ldh-block-placeholder.xhtml
+++ b/tests/fixtures/canonical/23-ldh-block-placeholder.xhtml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
     <div about="#chart1"
             typeof="https://w3id.org/atomgraph/linkeddatahub#ResultSetChart"
             class="rdfa-editor-island rdfa-editor-loading" tabindex="-1">
-        <span data-role="chrome" class="drag-handle" contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>
+        <span data-role="chrome" class="rdfa-editor-drag-handle" contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>
         <span property="http://spinrdf.org/spin#query" resource="queries/population/#this"></span>
         <span property="https://w3id.org/atomgraph/linkeddatahub#chartType" resource="https://w3id.org/atomgraph/client#BarChart"></span>
         <span property="https://w3id.org/atomgraph/linkeddatahub#categoryVarName">country</span>
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/canonical/23-nested-chrome-strip.xhtml b/tests/fixtures/canonical/23-nested-chrome-strip.xhtml
index a26e628..4f45a83 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/canonical/23-nested-chrome-strip.xhtml
+++ b/tests/fixtures/canonical/23-nested-chrome-strip.xhtml
@@ -1,26 +1,26 @@
 <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="content" about=""
      typeof="https://www.w3.org/ns/ldt/document-hierarchy#Container">
-    <p contenteditable="true"><span data-role="chrome" class="drag-handle"
+    <p contenteditable="true"><span data-role="chrome" class="rdfa-editor-drag-handle"
         contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>Intro paragraph.</p>
     <ul>
-        <span data-role="chrome" class="drag-handle" contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>
+        <span data-role="chrome" class="rdfa-editor-drag-handle" contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>
         <li><p class="rdfa-editor-run" contenteditable="true">Object holder</p><div
                 about="#note" typeof="https://example.org/ns#Note" contenteditable="true"
-                draggable="true" class="dragging"><span data-role="chrome" class="drag-handle"
+                draggable="true" class="dragging"><span data-role="chrome" class="rdfa-editor-drag-handle"
                 contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span><span property="https://example.org/ns#value">Note body</span></div></li>
         <li><p contenteditable="true" class="drop-after"><span data-role="chrome"
-                class="drag-handle" contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>Block item</p><blockquote>
-                <span data-role="chrome" class="drag-handle" contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>
-                <p contenteditable="true"><span data-role="chrome" class="drag-handle"
+                class="rdfa-editor-drag-handle" contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>Block item</p><blockquote>
+                <span data-role="chrome" class="rdfa-editor-drag-handle" contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>
+                <p contenteditable="true"><span data-role="chrome" class="rdfa-editor-drag-handle"
                     contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>Quote in item</p>
             </blockquote></li>
     </ul>
     <table>
-        <span data-role="chrome" class="drag-handle" contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>
+        <span data-role="chrome" class="rdfa-editor-drag-handle" contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>
         <tbody>
             <tr>
                 <td><p class="rdfa-editor-run" contenteditable="true">Cell text</p><ul>
-                        <span data-role="chrome" class="drag-handle" contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>
+                        <span data-role="chrome" class="rdfa-editor-drag-handle" contenteditable="false">&#x28FF;</span>
                         <li contenteditable="true">cell item</li>
                     </ul></td>
             </tr>
diff --git a/translations.rdf b/translations.rdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a729391
--- /dev/null
+++ b/translations.rdf
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE rdf:RDF [
+    <!ENTITY rdf            "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
+    <!ENTITY rdfs           "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#">
+]>
+<!-- Every user-visible string the editor emits, keyed by rdf:nodeID. A host translates the
+     editor by pointing rdfae:translations() at its own catalog using these same keys. -->
+<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="&rdf;" xmlns:rdfs="&rdfs;">
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="add-paragraph">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Add paragraph</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="annotate">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Annotate</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="block-ellipsis">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Block…</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="block-heading-1">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Heading 1</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="block-heading-2">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Heading 2</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="block-heading-3">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Heading 3</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="block-paragraph">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Paragraph</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="block-preformatted">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Preformatted</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="block-type">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Block type</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="bold">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Bold</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="bulleted-list">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Bulleted list</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="cancel">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Cancel</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="canonical-xhtml-rdfa">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Canonical XHTML+RDFa</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="caption">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Caption</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="chart-bar">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Bar chart</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="chart-category-var">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Category variable</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="chart-line">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Line chart</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="chart-scatter">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Scatter chart</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="chart-series-var">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Series variable</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="chart-table">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Table</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="chart-type">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Chart type</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="clear-facet">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Clear</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="close">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Close</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="close-properties">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Close properties</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="close-table-of-contents">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Close table of contents</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="code">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Code</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="confirm-delete-block">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Delete this block?</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="contents">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Contents</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="delete-block">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Delete block</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="delete-column">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Delete column</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="delete-row">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Delete row</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="document-position">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Document position</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="download">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Download</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="drag-to-reorder">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Drag to reorder</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="enter-search-term">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Enter a search term.</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="extracted-rdfxml">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Extracted RDF/XML</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="failed-to-load-block-data">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Failed to load block data</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="figure-alt">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Alternate text (alt)</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="figure-ellipsis">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Figure…</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="figure-src">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Image URL (src)</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="figure-src-placeholder">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">https://... or relative path</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="filter-blocks">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Filter blocks</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="filter-blocks-placeholder">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Filter blocks...</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="find">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Find</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="find-and-replace">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Find and replace</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="find-next">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Find next</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="fragment-id">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Fragment id</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="insert">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Insert</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="insert-block">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Insert block</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="insert-column-left">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Insert column left</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="insert-column-right">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Insert column right</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="insert-figure">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Insert figure</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="insert-row-above">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Insert row above</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="insert-row-below">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Insert row below</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="insert-table">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Insert table</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="italic">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Italic</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="link-href">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Link target (href)</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="match-case">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Match case</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="mode-uri-optional">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Mode URI (optional)</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="no-headings">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">No headings yet.</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="no-matches">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">No matches.</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="no-subject-properties">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">No properties on this subject.</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="numbered-list">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Numbered list</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="output">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Output</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="properties">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Properties</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="query-uri">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Query URI</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="quote">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Quote</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="rdfa-advanced-summary">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Type, subject &amp; object</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="rdfa-annotation">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">RDFa annotation</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="rdfa-datatype">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Literal type (datatype)</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="rdfa-datatype-placeholder">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Datatype IRI</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="rdfa-language">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Language (lang)</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="rdfa-language-help">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Language tag for the literal; ignored when a datatype is set</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="rdfa-language-placeholder">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">e.g. en, fr-CA</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="rdfa-object">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Object</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="rdfa-object-help">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Makes the object a resource instead of the literal value</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="rdfa-object-link">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Link</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="rdfa-object-placeholder">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Object IRI</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="rdfa-object-resource">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Object (resource)</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="rdfa-object-text">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Text</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="rdfa-predicate">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Predicate</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="rdfa-subject">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Subject</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="rdfa-subject-about">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Subject (about)</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="rdfa-subject-help">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">IRI or _:blank-node identifier</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="rdfa-subject-placeholder">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Overrides the subject in scope</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="rdfa-type-typeof">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Entity type (typeof)</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="rdfa-validation-issues">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">RDFa validation issues</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="rdfa-value-placeholder">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Literal value</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="remove">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Remove</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="remove-link">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Remove link</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="replace">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Replace</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="replace-all">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Replace all</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="replace-with">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Replace with</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="resource">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Resource</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="resource-uri">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Resource URI</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="result-set-chart">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Result set chart</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="save">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Save</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="source">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Source</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="subject-properties">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Subject properties</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="table-body-rows">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Body rows</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="table-columns">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Columns</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="table-ellipsis">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Table…</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="table-header-row">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Header row</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="table-of-contents">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Table of contents</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="toolbar">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Editing toolbar</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="toolbar-group-block">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Block</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="toolbar-group-block-actions">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Block actions</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="toolbar-group-blocks">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Blocks</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="toolbar-group-table-ops">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Table operations</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="validation-issues">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Validation issues</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="view">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">View</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+    <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="view-canonical-source">
+        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">View canonical source</rdfs:label>
+    </rdf:Description>
+</rdf:RDF>

From 9af46e46723bf083b40bc179b7ff50efb5fd10e9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Martynas=20Jusevi=C4=8Dius?= <martynas@atomgraph.com>
Date: Mon, 14 Sep 2026 16:10:54 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 3/6] One declaration of rdfae:translations(), not one per
 product.

The catalog lookup was split under use-when - doc() against ixsl:location()
in the browser, document() against static-base-uri() under Saxon - on the
assumption that a relative href cannot mean the same thing in both. It can,
and the build already says so: the SEF is compiled with -relocate:on, which
resolves relative document() hrefs against the SEF's load location. So a
bare document($translations-href) finds the catalog beside the stylesheet
in either product, and the module drops its ixsl: dependency along with the
second declaration.

The catalog moves to src/, where the stylesheet that reads it lives, and
generate-sef.sh copies it into dist/ as it does the vocabularies. Host pages
pool it under the URI that resolution actually asks for - beside the SEF,
not beside the page, which is where the vocabularies sit. Verified by
pooling it under both URIs, then removing the page-relative one: the browser
suites stay green, so the SEF-relative URI is the one being requested.

Its DTD entity declarations go too. xslt3 does not expand entity references
in a document() target, so the headless path failed with FODC0002 on &rdf;
the moment anything called rdfae:label() - invisible until now only because
the test drivers import the content model and the linters, never the chrome.
The namespaces are written out instead, and a scratch stylesheet under
Saxon-HE now answers table-columns, drag-to-reorder and an unknown key
(which returns the key) from a 112-entry catalog.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01BSRUJBNKKjdgJeP3qRZTPd
---
 generate-sef.sh                          |  2 +-
 index.html                               |  9 +++++----
 translations.rdf => src/translations.rdf |  6 +-----
 src/translations.xsl                     | 19 +++++++------------
 tests/fixture-blocks.html                |  9 +++++----
 tests/fixture-dragnest.html              |  9 +++++----
 tests/fixture-nesting.html               |  9 +++++----
 tests/fixture.html                       |  9 +++++----
 8 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-)
 rename translations.rdf => src/translations.rdf (98%)

diff --git a/generate-sef.sh b/generate-sef.sh
index 68436ef..7f8534f 100644
--- a/generate-sef.sh
+++ b/generate-sef.sh
@@ -37,5 +37,5 @@ mkdir -p dist/vocabs
 cp vocabs/*.rdf dist/vocabs/
 echo "✓ Vocabularies copied to dist/vocabs/"
 
-cp translations.rdf dist/
+cp src/translations.rdf dist/
 echo "✓ Translations copied to dist/"
diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index 13a8fd3..e902548 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -11,11 +11,12 @@
 				window.onload = function() {
 					// preload the vocabulary documents and the string catalog into the SaxonJS
 					// document pool, so doc() resolves them synchronously during initialization
-					const vocabs = ["vocabs/foaf.rdf", "vocabs/dcterms.rdf", "translations.rdf"];
-					Promise.all(vocabs.map(href =>
-							SaxonJS.getResource({ location: href, type: "xml" })))
-						.then(resources => {
+					const vocabs = ["vocabs/foaf.rdf", "vocabs/dcterms.rdf"];
+					Promise.all([SaxonJS.getResource({ location: "src/translations.rdf", type: "xml" }), ...vocabs.map(href =>
+							SaxonJS.getResource({ location: href, type: "xml" }))])
+						.then(([catalog, ...resources]) => {
 							const pool = {};
+							pool[new URL("dist/translations.rdf", document.baseURI).href] = catalog;   // the catalog resolves against the SEF, the vocabularies against this page
 							vocabs.forEach((href, i) =>
 								pool[new URL(href, document.baseURI).href] = resources[i]);
 							return SaxonJS.transform({
diff --git a/translations.rdf b/src/translations.rdf
similarity index 98%
rename from translations.rdf
rename to src/translations.rdf
index a729391..c25693e 100644
--- a/translations.rdf
+++ b/src/translations.rdf
@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE rdf:RDF [
-    <!ENTITY rdf            "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
-    <!ENTITY rdfs           "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#">
-]>
 <!-- Every user-visible string the editor emits, keyed by rdf:nodeID. A host translates the
      editor by pointing rdfae:translations() at its own catalog using these same keys. -->
-<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="&rdf;" xmlns:rdfs="&rdfs;">
+<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#">
     <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="add-paragraph">
         <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Add paragraph</rdfs:label>
     </rdf:Description>
diff --git a/src/translations.xsl b/src/translations.xsl
index f261cb8..fc00eb7 100644
--- a/src/translations.xsl
+++ b/src/translations.xsl
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
 xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
 xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
 xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
-xmlns:ixsl="http://saxonica.com/ns/interactiveXSLT"
 xmlns:rdfae="https://w3id.org/atomgraph/rdfa-editor#"
 exclude-result-prefixes="#all"
 version="3.0">
@@ -34,18 +33,14 @@ version="3.0">
          host catalog that names its terms with IRIs resolves through the same lookup -->
     <xsl:key name="resources" match="*[*][@rdf:about] | *[*][@rdf:nodeID]" use="@rdf:about | @rdf:nodeID"/>
 
-    <!-- resolved against the page URI in the browser, the way the vocabularies are, so
-         doc() hits the preloaded pool; against the stylesheet itself under Saxon, where
-         there is no page and the test drivers read the file from disk. Two declarations
-         rather than a branch, because ixsl:location() does not exist to compile against
-         outside SaxonJS -->
+    <!-- one declaration for both products: a relative href resolves against the stylesheet,
+         which is src/ under Saxon and - because the SEF is compiled with -relocate:on - the
+         SEF's load location under SaxonJS, where generate-sef.sh puts a copy. A host page
+         must still preload it into the document pool under that same URI, as it does the
+         vocabularies -->
 
-    <xsl:function name="rdfae:translations" as="document-node()" use-when="system-property('xsl:product-name') = 'SaxonJS'">
-        <xsl:sequence select="doc(string(resolve-uri($translations-href, ixsl:location())))"/>
-    </xsl:function>
-
-    <xsl:function name="rdfae:translations" as="document-node()" use-when="not(system-property('xsl:product-name') = 'SaxonJS')">
-        <xsl:sequence select="document(resolve-uri($translations-href, static-base-uri()))"/>
+    <xsl:function name="rdfae:translations" as="document-node()">
+        <xsl:sequence select="document($translations-href)"/>
     </xsl:function>
 
     <!-- the label for a catalog key: the exact language, else any variant of it (es-ES
diff --git a/tests/fixture-blocks.html b/tests/fixture-blocks.html
index 20a1d2d..db86ac3 100644
--- a/tests/fixture-blocks.html
+++ b/tests/fixture-blocks.html
@@ -13,11 +13,12 @@
                 // point the static placeholder at this server's copy before init
                 const ref = document.querySelector('#content div[about]:not([typeof])');
                 ref.setAttribute('about', new URL('../demo/resources/ada/#this', document.baseURI).href);
-                const vocabs = ["vocabs/foaf.rdf", "vocabs/dcterms.rdf", "translations.rdf"];
-                Promise.all(vocabs.map(href =>
-                        SaxonJS.getResource({ location: "../" + href, type: "xml" })))
-                    .then(resources => {
+                const vocabs = ["vocabs/foaf.rdf", "vocabs/dcterms.rdf"];
+                Promise.all([SaxonJS.getResource({ location: "../src/translations.rdf", type: "xml" }), ...vocabs.map(href =>
+                        SaxonJS.getResource({ location: "../" + href, type: "xml" }))])
+                    .then(([catalog, ...resources]) => {
                         const pool = {};
+                        pool[new URL("../dist/translations.rdf", document.baseURI).href] = catalog;   // the catalog resolves against the SEF, the vocabularies against this page
                         vocabs.forEach((href, i) =>
                             pool[new URL(href, document.baseURI).href] = resources[i]);
                         return SaxonJS.transform({
diff --git a/tests/fixture-dragnest.html b/tests/fixture-dragnest.html
index a843355..2d2149b 100644
--- a/tests/fixture-dragnest.html
+++ b/tests/fixture-dragnest.html
@@ -8,11 +8,12 @@
 		  <script type="text/javascript" src="../lib/xml-c14n-sync.js"></script>
         <script type="text/javascript">
             window.onload = function() {
-                const vocabs = ["vocabs/foaf.rdf", "vocabs/dcterms.rdf", "translations.rdf"];
-                Promise.all(vocabs.map(href =>
-                        SaxonJS.getResource({ location: "../" + href, type: "xml" })))
-                    .then(resources => {
+                const vocabs = ["vocabs/foaf.rdf", "vocabs/dcterms.rdf"];
+                Promise.all([SaxonJS.getResource({ location: "../src/translations.rdf", type: "xml" }), ...vocabs.map(href =>
+                        SaxonJS.getResource({ location: "../" + href, type: "xml" }))])
+                    .then(([catalog, ...resources]) => {
                         const pool = {};
+                        pool[new URL("../dist/translations.rdf", document.baseURI).href] = catalog;   // the catalog resolves against the SEF, the vocabularies against this page
                         vocabs.forEach((href, i) =>
                             pool[new URL(href, document.baseURI).href] = resources[i]);
                         return SaxonJS.transform({
diff --git a/tests/fixture-nesting.html b/tests/fixture-nesting.html
index 6be7a0a..d5cc2f0 100644
--- a/tests/fixture-nesting.html
+++ b/tests/fixture-nesting.html
@@ -8,11 +8,12 @@
 		  <script type="text/javascript" src="../lib/xml-c14n-sync.js"></script>
         <script type="text/javascript">
             window.onload = function() {
-                const vocabs = ["vocabs/foaf.rdf", "vocabs/dcterms.rdf", "translations.rdf"];
-                Promise.all(vocabs.map(href =>
-                        SaxonJS.getResource({ location: "../" + href, type: "xml" })))
-                    .then(resources => {
+                const vocabs = ["vocabs/foaf.rdf", "vocabs/dcterms.rdf"];
+                Promise.all([SaxonJS.getResource({ location: "../src/translations.rdf", type: "xml" }), ...vocabs.map(href =>
+                        SaxonJS.getResource({ location: "../" + href, type: "xml" }))])
+                    .then(([catalog, ...resources]) => {
                         const pool = {};
+                        pool[new URL("../dist/translations.rdf", document.baseURI).href] = catalog;   // the catalog resolves against the SEF, the vocabularies against this page
                         vocabs.forEach((href, i) =>
                             pool[new URL(href, document.baseURI).href] = resources[i]);
                         return SaxonJS.transform({
diff --git a/tests/fixture.html b/tests/fixture.html
index d7b18b5..6dce26e 100644
--- a/tests/fixture.html
+++ b/tests/fixture.html
@@ -14,11 +14,12 @@
 					// keys stay page-relative (matching the stylesheet's vocab-hrefs,
 					// resolved against this page); the files are fetched from ../vocabs/
 					// since this fixture lives under tests/ and the vocabs at the repo root
-					const vocabs = ["vocabs/foaf.rdf", "vocabs/dcterms.rdf", "translations.rdf"];
-					Promise.all(vocabs.map(href =>
-							SaxonJS.getResource({ location: "../" + href, type: "xml" })))
-						.then(resources => {
+					const vocabs = ["vocabs/foaf.rdf", "vocabs/dcterms.rdf"];
+					Promise.all([SaxonJS.getResource({ location: "../src/translations.rdf", type: "xml" }), ...vocabs.map(href =>
+							SaxonJS.getResource({ location: "../" + href, type: "xml" }))])
+						.then(([catalog, ...resources]) => {
 							const pool = {};
+							pool[new URL("../dist/translations.rdf", document.baseURI).href] = catalog;   // the catalog resolves against the SEF, the vocabularies against this page
 							vocabs.forEach((href, i) =>
 								pool[new URL(href, document.baseURI).href] = resources[i]);
 							return SaxonJS.transform({

From ec0f78164d20420e85f103e5ce3579c2ffcff4bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Martynas=20Jusevi=C4=8Dius?= <martynas@atomgraph.com>
Date: Mon, 14 Sep 2026 16:19:16 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 4/6] Three things a host was carrying in its own copy of this
 source.

LinkedDataHub vendors src/ and had patched all three in place, where the
next copy would have silently reverted them. None is host-specific.

rdfae:populate-form disclosed the advanced fields inline, so a host whose
overlay groups type, subject and object differently - behind tabs, or a
segmented object switch - had to override the whole prefill to change that
one step. It becomes rdfae:reveal-fields, the single shape-dependent part of
populate-form, overridable on its own while the rest of the prefill stays
inherited.

The annotation handler called populate-form without checking the overlay is
still there. A host that re-renders the page DOM drops it, and populate-form
reaches the form by id(): over an empty sequence it does nothing, silently,
and the dialog opens blank. rdfae:show-overlay rebuilds the overlay too, but
it runs after populate, which is exactly too late. The guard goes in front
of the call; show-overlay keeps its own as the backstop for callers that
arrive without passing through the handler.

And the subject readout is a single line that may be narrower than the IRI
it shows, with nothing offering the rest. @title is now written wherever
textContent is - in show-overlay and on the subject input's own handler - so
the two cannot come to say different things.

52 headless assertions and the browser suites pass unchanged.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01BSRUJBNKKjdgJeP3qRZTPd
---
 src/annotate.xsl |  9 +++++++++
 src/overlay.xsl  | 31 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/annotate.xsl b/src/annotate.xsl
index dc88332..53ae31e 100644
--- a/src/annotate.xsl
+++ b/src/annotate.xsl
@@ -30,6 +30,15 @@ version="3.0">
                 intersect (descendant::* | self::*[@property]))[last()]"/>
         <xsl:sequence select="ixsl:call($event, 'preventDefault', [])[current-date() lt xs:date('2000-01-01')]"/>
 
+        <!-- MUST come before rdfae:populate-form, which reaches the form by id() and so does nothing at all -
+             silently, over an empty sequence - when a host has re-rendered the page DOM and dropped the
+             overlay. rdfae:show-overlay rebuilds it too, but it runs after populate, so the dialog opened
+             blank in exactly that case. It keeps its own guard as the backstop for callers that reach it
+             without going through this handler -->
+        <xsl:if test="empty(id($rdfae:overlay-id, ixsl:page()))">
+            <xsl:call-template name="rdfae:init-overlay"/>
+        </xsl:if>
+
         <xsl:choose>
             <!-- edit mode -->
             <xsl:when test="exists($annotation)">
diff --git a/src/overlay.xsl b/src/overlay.xsl
index f6caf23..1c6fb37 100644
--- a/src/overlay.xsl
+++ b/src/overlay.xsl
@@ -159,11 +159,10 @@ version="3.0">
             <xsl:for-each select=".//input[@name = 'value']">
                 <ixsl:set-property name="value" select="($value, '')[1]" object="."/>
             </xsl:for-each>
-            <!-- disclose the advanced fields when the annotation carries any of them -->
-            <xsl:for-each select="id('advanced-fields', ixsl:page())">
-                <ixsl:set-property name="open"
-                    select="exists($span/(@about | @resource | @typeof | @datatype | @lang | @xml:lang))" object="."/>
-            </xsl:for-each>
+            <xsl:call-template name="rdfae:reveal-fields">
+                <xsl:with-param name="form" select="$form"/>
+                <xsl:with-param name="span" select="$span"/>
+            </xsl:call-template>
             <!-- datatype and language are mutually exclusive (datatype wins): a datatype
                  on the edited annotation disables the language input -->
             <xsl:for-each select=".//input[@name = 'lang']">
@@ -192,6 +191,24 @@ version="3.0">
         </xsl:for-each>
     </xsl:template>
 
+    <!-- reflect the edited annotation's non-value state into the form's chrome: here, the disclosure
+         that holds the type/subject/object overrides. The one shape-dependent step in populate-form,
+         so it is its own template - a host whose overlay groups those fields differently (tabs, a
+         segmented object switch) overrides this and leaves the rest of the prefill alone -->
+    <xsl:template name="rdfae:reveal-fields">
+        <xsl:param name="form" as="element()"/>
+        <xsl:param name="span" as="element()?"/>
+
+        <xsl:for-each select="id('advanced-fields', ixsl:page())">
+            <ixsl:set-property name="open"
+                select="exists($span/(@about | @resource | @typeof | @datatype | @lang | @xml:lang))" object="."/>
+        </xsl:for-each>
+    </xsl:template>
+
+
+
+
+
     <!-- set a select's value via the live property; an IRI absent from the options
          leaves the select empty, so route it to the custom input instead -->
     <xsl:template name="rdfae:set-select-or-custom">
@@ -272,6 +289,9 @@ version="3.0">
         <xsl:for-each select="id('stmt-subject', ixsl:page())">
             <ixsl:set-attribute name="data-inherited-subject" select="($in-scope-subject, '')[1]"/>
             <ixsl:set-property name="textContent" select="($in-scope-subject, '')[1]" object="."/>
+            <!-- the readout is a single line that may be narrower than the IRI; @title is where the whole of it
+                 stays reachable. Written wherever textContent is, so the two cannot say different things -->
+            <ixsl:set-attribute name="title" select="($in-scope-subject, '')[1]"/>
         </xsl:for-each>
     </xsl:template>
 
@@ -332,6 +352,7 @@ version="3.0">
         <xsl:for-each select="id('stmt-subject', ixsl:page())">
             <ixsl:set-property name="textContent"
                 select="($value[. ne ''], string(@data-inherited-subject))[1]" object="."/>
+            <ixsl:set-attribute name="title" select="($value[. ne ''], string(@data-inherited-subject))[1]"/>
         </xsl:for-each>
     </xsl:template>
 

From 4e07e4100e11500c57444cda205d17e2bfd21dd5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Martynas=20Jusevi=C4=8Dius?= <martynas@atomgraph.com>
Date: Mon, 14 Sep 2026 16:47:06 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 5/6] The editor reads the reader's language for itself.

$translations-lang defaulted to 'en', so a catalog with Spanish in it still
rendered English until a host told the editor otherwise - and every host
would tell it the same thing, since the preference has one source: the
browser. rdfae:langs() asks navigator.languages directly, reducing to
primary subtags so a catalog tagged es-ES answers a browser asking for
es-419, deduplicating because es-ES,es yields that subtag twice, and
flooring at 'en' for a reader who expressed no preference. It is the same
computation, from the same fact, that a host would otherwise perform on the
editor's behalf.

Two declarations under use-when: navigator exists in the browser only, and
the editor compiles under Saxon for its headless tests, where there is no
reader to ask and 'en' is the answer.

$translations-lang stays, now defaulting from that function rather than from
a literal. A host that resolves the language from something the browser does
not know - a negotiated Accept-Language, a profile setting - still redeclares
it, and one that does not gets the reader's language without configuring
anything.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01BSRUJBNKKjdgJeP3qRZTPd
---
 src/translations.xsl | 23 ++++++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/translations.xsl b/src/translations.xsl
index fc00eb7..77df9c3 100644
--- a/src/translations.xsl
+++ b/src/translations.xsl
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
 xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
 xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
 xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
+xmlns:ixsl="http://saxonica.com/ns/interactiveXSLT"
 xmlns:rdfae="https://w3id.org/atomgraph/rdfa-editor#"
 exclude-result-prefixes="#all"
 version="3.0">
@@ -25,9 +26,25 @@ version="3.0">
          page must preload it into the SaxonJS document pool, exactly as $vocab-hrefs does -->
     <xsl:param name="translations-href" as="xs:string" select="'translations.rdf'"/>
 
-    <!-- the language labels are selected in. A host with its own notion of the user's
-         language (a negotiated Accept-Language, a profile setting) redeclares this -->
-    <xsl:param name="translations-lang" as="xs:string" select="'en'"/>
+    <!-- the reader's languages as the browser reports them, reduced to primary subtags so a catalog
+         tagged es-ES answers a browser asking for es-419, deduplicated because es-ES,es yields the same
+         subtag twice, and floored at 'en' when the reader expressed no preference. Two declarations:
+         navigator exists only in the browser, and the editor also compiles under Saxon for its headless
+         tests, where there is no reader to ask -->
+
+    <xsl:function name="rdfae:langs" as="xs:string*" use-when="system-property('xsl:product-name') = 'SaxonJS'">
+        <xsl:variable name="langs" as="xs:string*" select="distinct-values(for $lang in ixsl:get(ixsl:window(), 'navigator.languages') return tokenize($lang, '-')[1])[not(. = ('', '*'))]"/>
+
+        <xsl:sequence select="if (exists($langs)) then $langs else 'en'"/>
+    </xsl:function>
+
+    <xsl:function name="rdfae:langs" as="xs:string*" use-when="not(system-property('xsl:product-name') = 'SaxonJS')">
+        <xsl:sequence select="'en'"/>
+    </xsl:function>
+
+    <!-- the language labels are selected in, defaulting to the reader's own. A host that resolves it
+         from something else - a negotiated Accept-Language, a profile setting - redeclares this -->
+    <xsl:param name="translations-lang" as="xs:string" select="rdfae:langs()[1]"/>
 
     <!-- keyed by rdf:nodeID, the catalog's own identifiers; also matches rdf:about so a
          host catalog that names its terms with IRIs resolves through the same lookup -->

From f65b65a3afccbef9c34d8ad2a2b2a3ba4fd5c500 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Martynas=20Jusevi=C4=8Dius?= <martynas@atomgraph.com>
Date: Mon, 14 Sep 2026 17:02:38 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 6/6] The classes the chrome wears, separately from the ones it
 runs on.

A host with its own design system had one way to restyle an editor button:
copy the template that emits it and change the class. LinkedDataHub carries
four such copies - the link, figure, table and find dialogs - 56 lines whose
only divergence from this source is btn-primary becoming the host's own
button class, and which quietly stop tracking anything that changes here.

Five presentational tokens become parameters instead: the primary, secondary
and danger buttons, the helper text and the checkbox label. Their defaults
are what this editor's CSS already styles, so nothing changes for a
standalone editor, and a host that redeclares them gets its own buttons
throughout the chrome - dialogs, toolbar, overlay, block extension - without
forking a template.

The line is what is presentational and what is load-bearing. rdfa-editor-
content, slash-item, typeahead-input, remove-action and their kind are what
the editor's own ixsl:on* rules match on and its stylesheets select; those
stay literal, because a host redeclaring one would break dispatch rather than
restyle anything. None of the five carries a handler or appears outside the
editor's own CSS - which is what makes them parameterisable and the rest not.

52 headless assertions and the browser suites pass unchanged.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01BSRUJBNKKjdgJeP3qRZTPd
---
 src/classes.xsl    | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/edit.xsl       | 10 +++++-----
 src/index.xsl      |  2 ++
 src/ldh-blocks.xsl |  4 ++--
 src/navigate.xsl   | 16 ++++++++--------
 src/overlay.xsl    | 18 +++++++++---------
 src/tables.xsl     |  6 +++---
 7 files changed, 62 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/classes.xsl

diff --git a/src/classes.xsl b/src/classes.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8acf693
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/classes.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<xsl:stylesheet
+xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
+xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+xmlns:rdfae="https://w3id.org/atomgraph/rdfa-editor#"
+exclude-result-prefixes="#all"
+version="3.0">
+
+<!--
+    The classes the editor's chrome wears, as opposed to the ones it runs on. A host
+    with a design system of its own redeclares these and its buttons and helper text
+    join the rest of its UI, without forking the templates that emit them.
+
+    Only presentational tokens belong here. Everything else the editor emits is
+    load-bearing - rdfa-editor-content, slash-item, typeahead-input, remove-action
+    and the rest are what its own ixsl:on* rules match on and its stylesheets select,
+    so a host that changed them would break dispatch rather than restyle anything.
+    The defaults are what the editor's own CSS styles, so a standalone editor looks
+    the same whether or not a host configures anything.
+-->
+
+    <xsl:param name="button-primary-class" as="xs:string" select="'btn-primary'"/>
+
+    <xsl:param name="button-secondary-class" as="xs:string" select="'btn-secondary'"/>
+
+    <xsl:param name="button-danger-class" as="xs:string" select="'btn-danger'"/>
+
+    <xsl:param name="helper-text-class" as="xs:string" select="'helper-text'"/>
+
+    <xsl:param name="checkbox-label-class" as="xs:string" select="'checkbox-label'"/>
+
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/src/edit.xsl b/src/edit.xsl
index 51e81dd..5d8239b 100644
--- a/src/edit.xsl
+++ b/src/edit.xsl
@@ -2146,9 +2146,9 @@ version="3.0">
             <label for="link-href"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('link-href')"/></label>
             <input type="text" id="link-href" name="href" placeholder="https://..."/>
             <div class="action-buttons">
-                <button type="button" class="btn-danger link-remove" style="display: none;"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('remove-link')"/></button>
-                <button type="button" class="btn-primary link-save"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('save')"/></button>
-                <button type="button" class="btn-secondary link-cancel"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('cancel')"/></button>
+                <button type="button" class="{$button-danger-class} link-remove" style="display: none;"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('remove-link')"/></button>
+                <button type="button" class="{$button-primary-class} link-save"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('save')"/></button>
+                <button type="button" class="{$button-secondary-class} link-cancel"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('cancel')"/></button>
             </div>
         </div>
     </xsl:template>
@@ -2284,8 +2284,8 @@ version="3.0">
             <label for="figure-caption"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('caption')"/></label>
             <input type="text" id="figure-caption" name="caption"/>
             <div class="action-buttons">
-                <button type="button" class="btn-primary figure-save"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('insert')"/></button>
-                <button type="button" class="btn-secondary figure-cancel"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('cancel')"/></button>
+                <button type="button" class="{$button-primary-class} figure-save"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('insert')"/></button>
+                <button type="button" class="{$button-secondary-class} figure-cancel"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('cancel')"/></button>
             </div>
         </div>
     </xsl:template>
diff --git a/src/index.xsl b/src/index.xsl
index 4a236e1..9a3e614 100644
--- a/src/index.xsl
+++ b/src/index.xsl
@@ -28,8 +28,10 @@ version="3.0">
     - select.xsl           region-scoped select-all and cross-host selection delete
     - input.xsl            input triggers: slash menu and markdown shorthands
     - translations.xsl     the string catalog every emitter reads its labels from
+    - classes.xsl          the presentational classes its chrome wears, for a host to restyle
 -->
 
+    <xsl:include href="classes.xsl"/>
     <xsl:include href="translations.xsl"/>
     <xsl:include href="RDFa2RDFXML-v3.xsl"/>
     <xsl:include href="group-sort-triples.xsl"/>
diff --git a/src/ldh-blocks.xsl b/src/ldh-blocks.xsl
index 7e0b46c..a92da0a 100644
--- a/src/ldh-blocks.xsl
+++ b/src/ldh-blocks.xsl
@@ -325,8 +325,8 @@ version="3.0">
                 <input type="text" name="chart-series"/>
             </div>
             <div class="action-buttons">
-                <button type="button" class="btn-primary ldh-block-save"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('insert')"/></button>
-                <button type="button" class="btn-secondary ldh-block-cancel"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('cancel')"/></button>
+                <button type="button" class="{$button-primary-class} ldh-block-save"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('insert')"/></button>
+                <button type="button" class="{$button-secondary-class} ldh-block-cancel"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('cancel')"/></button>
             </div>
         </div>
     </xsl:template>
diff --git a/src/navigate.xsl b/src/navigate.xsl
index d5ef254..49a3069 100644
--- a/src/navigate.xsl
+++ b/src/navigate.xsl
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ version="3.0">
                         </xsl:call-template>
                     </xsl:when>
                     <xsl:otherwise>
-                        <p class="helper-text"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('no-headings')"/></p>
+                        <p class="{$helper-text-class}"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('no-headings')"/></p>
                     </xsl:otherwise>
                 </xsl:choose>
             </xsl:result-document>
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ version="3.0">
                             </xsl:for-each>
                         </xsl:when>
                         <xsl:otherwise>
-                            <p class="helper-text"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('no-subject-properties')"/></p>
+                            <p class="{$helper-text-class}"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('no-subject-properties')"/></p>
                         </xsl:otherwise>
                     </xsl:choose>
                 </xsl:result-document>
@@ -522,16 +522,16 @@ version="3.0">
             <input type="text" id="find-text" name="find"/>
             <label for="find-replace"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('replace-with')"/></label>
             <input type="text" id="find-replace" name="replace"/>
-            <label class="checkbox-label">
+            <label class="{$checkbox-label-class}">
                 <input type="checkbox" name="match-case"/><xsl:text> </xsl:text><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('match-case')"/>
             </label>
             <div class="action-buttons">
-                <button type="button" class="btn-primary find-next"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('find-next')"/></button>
-                <button type="button" class="btn-secondary replace-current"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('replace')"/></button>
-                <button type="button" class="btn-secondary replace-all"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('replace-all')"/></button>
-                <button type="button" class="btn-secondary find-close"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('close')"/></button>
+                <button type="button" class="{$button-primary-class} find-next"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('find-next')"/></button>
+                <button type="button" class="{$button-secondary-class} replace-current"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('replace')"/></button>
+                <button type="button" class="{$button-secondary-class} replace-all"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('replace-all')"/></button>
+                <button type="button" class="{$button-secondary-class} find-close"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('close')"/></button>
             </div>
-            <span id="find-status" class="helper-text"/>
+            <span id="find-status" class="{$helper-text-class}"/>
         </div>
     </xsl:template>
 
diff --git a/src/overlay.xsl b/src/overlay.xsl
index 1c6fb37..549b15f 100644
--- a/src/overlay.xsl
+++ b/src/overlay.xsl
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ version="3.0">
                     <span class="stmt-role" title="{rdfae:label('rdfa-object')}">O</span>
                     <div class="stmt-control">
                         <input type="text" name="value" placeholder="{rdfae:label('rdfa-value-placeholder')}"/>
-                        <span class="helper-text">The selected text; change it to emit a machine-readable content value</span>
+                        <span class="{$helper-text-class}">The selected text; change it to emit a machine-readable content value</span>
                     </div>
                 </div>
 
@@ -56,18 +56,18 @@ version="3.0">
                     <fieldset>
                         <label><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('rdfa-type-typeof')"/></label>
                         <xsl:sequence select="rdfae:typeahead-field('typeof')"/>
-                        <span class="helper-text">Types the annotated resource; without a subject the typed
+                        <span class="{$helper-text-class}">Types the annotated resource; without a subject the typed
                             resource becomes the object of the property (chaining)</span>
                     </fieldset>
                     <fieldset>
                         <label><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('rdfa-subject-about')"/></label>
                         <input type="text" name="subject" placeholder="{rdfae:label('rdfa-subject-placeholder')}"/>
-                        <span class="helper-text"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('rdfa-subject-help')"/></span>
+                        <span class="{$helper-text-class}"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('rdfa-subject-help')"/></span>
                     </fieldset>
                     <fieldset>
                         <label><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('rdfa-object-resource')"/></label>
                         <input type="text" name="object" placeholder="{rdfae:label('rdfa-object-placeholder')}"/>
-                        <span class="helper-text"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('rdfa-object-help')"/></span>
+                        <span class="{$helper-text-class}"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('rdfa-object-help')"/></span>
                     </fieldset>
                     <fieldset>
                         <label><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('rdfa-datatype')"/></label>
@@ -81,20 +81,20 @@ version="3.0">
                             <option value="{$rdfae:custom}">-- Custom datatype --</option>
                         </select>
                         <input type="text" name="custom-datatype" placeholder="{rdfae:label('rdfa-datatype-placeholder')}" style="display: none;"/>
-                        <span class="helper-text">Types the literal (e.g. xsd:date, xsd:integer);
+                        <span class="{$helper-text-class}">Types the literal (e.g. xsd:date, xsd:integer);
                             mutually exclusive with a language tag</span>
                     </fieldset>
                     <fieldset>
                         <label><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('rdfa-language')"/></label>
                         <input type="text" name="lang" placeholder="{rdfae:label('rdfa-language-placeholder')}"/>
-                        <span class="helper-text"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('rdfa-language-help')"/></span>
+                        <span class="{$helper-text-class}"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('rdfa-language-help')"/></span>
                     </fieldset>
                 </details>
 
                 <div class="action-buttons">
-                    <button type="button" class="btn-danger remove-action" style="display: none;"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('remove')"/></button>
-                    <button type="button" class="btn-primary spo-action"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('annotate')"/></button>
-                    <button type="button" class="btn-secondary cancel-action"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('cancel')"/></button>
+                    <button type="button" class="{$button-danger-class} remove-action" style="display: none;"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('remove')"/></button>
+                    <button type="button" class="{$button-primary-class} spo-action"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('annotate')"/></button>
+                    <button type="button" class="{$button-secondary-class} cancel-action"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('cancel')"/></button>
                 </div>
             </form>
         </div>
diff --git a/src/tables.xsl b/src/tables.xsl
index e8a1f8e..6066316 100644
--- a/src/tables.xsl
+++ b/src/tables.xsl
@@ -121,12 +121,12 @@ version="3.0">
             <input type="number" id="table-rows" name="rows" value="3" min="1" max="50"/>
             <label for="table-cols"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('table-columns')"/></label>
             <input type="number" id="table-cols" name="cols" value="3" min="1" max="20"/>
-            <label class="checkbox-label"><input type="checkbox" name="header-row" checked="checked"/><xsl:text> </xsl:text><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('table-header-row')"/></label>
+            <label class="{$checkbox-label-class}"><input type="checkbox" name="header-row" checked="checked"/><xsl:text> </xsl:text><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('table-header-row')"/></label>
             <label for="table-caption"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('caption')"/></label>
             <input type="text" id="table-caption" name="caption"/>
             <div class="action-buttons">
-                <button type="button" class="btn-primary table-save"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('insert')"/></button>
-                <button type="button" class="btn-secondary table-cancel"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('cancel')"/></button>
+                <button type="button" class="{$button-primary-class} table-save"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('insert')"/></button>
+                <button type="button" class="{$button-secondary-class} table-cancel"><xsl:value-of select="rdfae:label('cancel')"/></button>
             </div>
         </div>
     </xsl:template>