diff --git a/.circleci/config.yml b/.circleci/config.yml
index fe45d7f82495..da6a5c61251e 100644
--- a/.circleci/config.yml
+++ b/.circleci/config.yml
@@ -1,4 +1,11 @@
 version: 2.1
+parameters:
+  full_run:
+    type: boolean
+    default: false
+  selection_mode:
+    type: string
+    default: shadow
 commands: # a reusable command with parameters
   command_build_and_test:
     parameters:
@@ -6,25 +13,7 @@ commands: # a reusable command with parameters
         default: "0"
         type: string
     steps:
-      # Restore the dependency cache
-      - restore_cache:
-          keys:
-            # Default branch if not
-            - source-v2-{{ .Branch }}-{{ .Revision }}
-            - source-v2-{{ .Branch }}-
-            - source-v2-
-      # Machine Setup
-      #   If you break your build into multiple jobs with workflows, you will probably want to do the parts of this that are relevant in each
-      - run:
-          name: Install Headless Chrome dependencies
-          command: |
-            sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -yq \
-            gconf-service libasound2 libatk1.0-0 libatk-bridge2.0-0 libc6 libcairo2 libcups2 libdbus-1-3 \
-            libexpat1 libfontconfig1 libgcc1 libgconf-2-4 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 libglib2.0-0 libgtk-3-0 libnspr4 \
-            libpango-1.0-0 libpangocairo-1.0-0 libstdc++6 libx11-6 libx11-xcb1 libxcb1 libxcomposite1 libxcursor1 \
-            libxdamage1 libxext6 libxfixes3 libxi6 libxrandr2 libxrender1 libxss1 libxtst6 ca-certificates \
-            fonts-liberation libappindicator1 libnss3 lsb-release xdg-utils wget libgbm1
-      # Avoid intermittent SSH checkout failures from CircleCI workers.
+      # Pin the event revision: a PR head ref may have advanced since scheduling.
       - run:
           name: Checkout source over HTTPS with retry
           command: |
@@ -35,15 +24,47 @@ commands: # a reusable command with parameters
             else
               ref="$CIRCLE_SHA1"
             fi
+            [[ "$CIRCLE_SHA1" =~ ^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$ ]] || exit 1
             git init .
             git remote add origin https://github.com/OpenAPITools/openapi-generator.git
             for i in $(seq 1 5); do
-              if git fetch --depth=1 origin "$ref" && git checkout --detach FETCH_HEAD; then
-                exit 0
+              if git fetch --no-tags --depth=1 origin "$CIRCLE_SHA1" ||
+                 git fetch --no-tags --depth=1 origin "$ref"; then
+                if [ "$(git rev-parse FETCH_HEAD)" = "$CIRCLE_SHA1" ] &&
+                   git checkout --detach "$CIRCLE_SHA1"; then
+                  exit 0
+                fi
               fi
               sleep 5
             done
+            echo "Unable to check out the exact CircleCI event revision" >&2
             exit 1
+      - run:
+          name: Select relevant CircleCI scope before setup
+          environment:
+            CIRCLE_NODE_INDEX: "<<parameters.nodeNo>>"
+            CI_FORCE_FULL: "<<pipeline.parameters.full_run>>"
+            CI_SELECTION_MODE: "<<pipeline.parameters.selection_mode>>"
+          command: bash CI/circle_select.sh
+      # Restore the dependency cache
+      - restore_cache:
+          keys:
+            # Do not restore legacy source-v2 caches containing .git over the
+            # already verified checkout. Future caches must be dependency-only.
+            - dependencies-v3-{{ .Branch }}-{{ .Revision }}
+            - dependencies-v3-{{ .Branch }}-
+            - dependencies-v3-
+      # Machine Setup
+      #   If you break your build into multiple jobs with workflows, you will probably want to do the parts of this that are relevant in each
+      - run:
+          name: Install Headless Chrome dependencies
+          command: |
+            sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -yq \
+            gconf-service libasound2 libatk1.0-0 libatk-bridge2.0-0 libc6 libcairo2 libcups2 libdbus-1-3 \
+            libexpat1 libfontconfig1 libgcc1 libgconf-2-4 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 libglib2.0-0 libgtk-3-0 libnspr4 \
+            libpango-1.0-0 libpangocairo-1.0-0 libstdc++6 libx11-6 libx11-xcb1 libxcb1 libxcomposite1 libxcursor1 \
+            libxdamage1 libxext6 libxfixes3 libxi6 libxrandr2 libxrender1 libxss1 libxtst6 ca-certificates \
+            fonts-liberation libappindicator1 libnss3 lsb-release xdg-utils wget libgbm1
       # Prepare for artifact and test results  collection equivalent to how it was done on 1.0.
       # In many cases you can simplify this from what is generated here.
       # 'See docs on artifact collection here https://circleci.com/docs/2.0/artifacts/'
diff --git a/.github/.test/ci-scopes.js b/.github/.test/ci-scopes.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c19fe67d9dd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/.test/ci-scopes.js
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const assert = require('assert');
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+const {execFileSync} = require('child_process');
+const yaml = require('./js-yaml.js');
+
+const root = path.resolve(__dirname, '..', '..');
+const manifest = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(path.join(root, 'CI', 'change-scopes.json'), 'utf8'));
+assert.strictEqual(manifest.version, 1, 'Unsupported CI scope manifest version');
+assert(manifest.suites && typeof manifest.suites === 'object', 'Missing CI suites');
+
+function matches(file, pattern) {
+    pattern = pattern.replace(/\/+$/, '');
+    if (!/[?*]/.test(pattern)) return file === pattern || file.startsWith(`${pattern}/`);
+    const expression = pattern.split(/(\*\*|\*|\?)/).map(part => {
+        if (part === '**') return '.*';
+        if (part === '*') return '[^/]*';
+        if (part === '?') return '[^/]';
+        return part.replace(/[\\^$+.()|[\]{}]/g, '\\$&');
+    }).join('');
+    return new RegExp(`^${expression}$`).test(file) ||
+        (pattern.endsWith('/**') && file === pattern.slice(0, -3));
+}
+
+function sampleRoots(suite) {
+    return [...new Set([
+        ...(suite.matrix?.sample || []),
+        ...(suite.matrix?.include || []).filter(row => row.sample).map(row => row.sample)
+    ])].map(dir => dir.replace(/\/+$/, ''));
+}
+
+const tracked = execFileSync('git', ['ls-files', '-z', '--', 'samples'], {
+    cwd: root, encoding: 'utf8', maxBuffer: 32 * 1024 * 1024
+}).split('\0').filter(Boolean);
+const trackedSet = new Set(tracked);
+const typescriptRoots = tracked.filter(file => file.endsWith('/tsconfig.json'))
+    .map(file => path.posix.dirname(file))
+    .filter(dir => trackedSet.has(`${dir}/.openapi-generator-ignore`) && trackedSet.has(`${dir}/package.json`));
+const owned = Object.entries(manifest.suites).filter(([id]) => id.startsWith('samples-') ||
+    id.startsWith('gradle-test.') || id.startsWith('circle.'));
+
+function owners(dir) {
+    return owned.filter(([, suite]) => {
+        const roots = sampleRoots(suite);
+        if (suite.discovery === 'typescript') roots.push(...typescriptRoots);
+        return roots.some(candidate => matches(dir, candidate)) ||
+            (suite.paths || []).some(pattern => matches(dir, pattern));
+    }).map(([id]) => id);
+}
+
+// Config outputs and tracked generator markers reveal newly added samples even
+// when no workflow path filter or matrix has been updated.
+const candidates = new Set(tracked.filter(file => file.endsWith('/.openapi-generator-ignore'))
+    .map(file => path.posix.dirname(file)));
+const buildFiles = new Set(['pom.xml', 'package.json', 'pyproject.toml', 'Cargo.toml',
+    'pubspec.yaml', 'go.mod', 'mix.exs', 'build.gradle', 'build.gradle.kts', 'Project.toml']);
+for (const file of tracked) {
+    const name = path.posix.basename(file);
+    const directory = path.posix.dirname(file);
+    if (directory !== 'samples' && (buildFiles.has(name) || name.endsWith('.csproj'))) candidates.add(directory);
+}
+for (const file of fs.readdirSync(path.join(root, 'bin', 'configs')).filter(file => file.endsWith('.yaml'))) {
+    const text = fs.readFileSync(path.join(root, 'bin', 'configs', file), 'utf8');
+    const output = text.match(/^outputDir:\s*(.+)$/m);
+    if (output) {
+        const dir = yaml.safeLoad(output[1]);
+        if (typeof dir === 'string' && dir.startsWith('samples/')) candidates.add(dir.replace(/\/+$/, ''));
+    }
+}
+const unowned = [...candidates].filter(dir => owners(dir).length === 0).sort();
+if (process.argv.includes('--list-unowned')) {
+    process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(unowned, null, 2) + '\n');
+    process.exit(0);
+}
+
+const exclusions = new Map((manifest.exclusions || []).map(entry => {
+    assert(typeof entry.path === 'string' && entry.path.startsWith('samples/') &&
+        !/[?*]/.test(entry.path), 'Exclusions must name exact sample roots');
+    assert(typeof entry.reason === 'string' && entry.reason.trim(), `Missing exclusion reason: ${entry.path}`);
+    return [entry.path, entry.reason];
+}));
+for (const dir of unowned) {
+    assert(exclusions.has(dir), `Unowned sample ${dir}: register a CI suite or document an explicit exclusion`);
+}
+
+const workflowDir = path.join(root, '.github', 'workflows');
+const workflows = new Map();
+for (const file of fs.readdirSync(workflowDir).filter(file => /\.ya?ml$/.test(file))) {
+    workflows.set(`.github/workflows/${file}`, yaml.safeLoad(fs.readFileSync(path.join(workflowDir, file), 'utf8')));
+}
+for (const [id, suite] of Object.entries(manifest.suites)) {
+    for (const dir of sampleRoots(suite)) {
+        assert(!dir.includes('..') && !path.posix.isAbsolute(dir), `Invalid sample root in ${id}: ${dir}`);
+        assert(fs.statSync(path.join(root, ...dir.split('/'))).isDirectory(), `Missing sample target ${id}: ${dir}`);
+        const packageFile = path.join(root, ...dir.split('/'), 'package.json');
+        if (fs.existsSync(packageFile)) {
+            const pkg = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(packageFile, 'utf8'));
+            for (const reference of Object.values({...pkg.dependencies, ...pkg.devDependencies})) {
+                if (typeof reference !== 'string' || !reference.startsWith('file:')) continue;
+                const dependency = path.posix.normalize(path.posix.join(dir, reference.slice(5)));
+                if (matches(dependency, dir)) continue;
+                assert([...(suite.paths || []), ...(suite.shared_paths || [])].some(p => matches(dependency, p)),
+                    `${id}: declare external local dependency ${dependency} as a shared input`);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (!suite.workflow) continue;
+    if (suite.workflow === '.circleci/config.yml') continue;
+    const workflow = workflows.get(suite.workflow);
+    assert(workflow, `Missing workflow for ${id}: ${suite.workflow}`);
+    const calls = Object.values(workflow.jobs).flatMap(job => job.steps || [])
+        .filter(step => step.uses === './.github/actions/compute-matrix' && step.with?.suite === id);
+    assert.strictEqual(calls.length, 1, `Suite ${id} must have exactly one workflow selector`);
+}
+let sampleJobs = 0;
+for (const [filename, workflow] of workflows) {
+    if (!/\/samples-[^/]+\.ya?ml$/.test(filename) && !filename.endsWith('/gradle-test.yaml')) continue;
+    assert(workflow.on.workflow_dispatch !== undefined, `${filename}: missing full-run dispatch`);
+    assert(!workflow.on.pull_request?.paths, `${filename}: PR path filters can hide relevant changes`);
+    assert(!workflow.on.push?.paths, `${filename}: safety pushes must run full scope`);
+    assert.deepStrictEqual(workflow.on.push.branches, ['master', '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'],
+        `${filename}: unexpected safety branches`);
+    for (const [jobId, job] of Object.entries(workflow.jobs)) {
+        if (jobId === 'setup') continue;
+        sampleJobs++;
+        const id = `${path.posix.basename(filename).replace(/\.ya?ml$/, '')}.${jobId}`;
+        const suite = manifest.suites[id];
+        assert(suite, `Missing scope for ${filename}/${jobId}`);
+        assert.strictEqual(job.needs, 'setup', `${id}: selection must precede runner allocation`);
+        assert(job.if?.includes("_changed == 'true'"), `${id}: missing explicit empty-selection guard`);
+        if (suite.matrix) {
+            assert.strictEqual(typeof job.strategy.matrix, 'string', `${id}: duplicate static matrix`);
+            assert(job.strategy.matrix.includes('fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.'), `${id}: disconnected matrix`);
+        }
+    }
+}
+console.log(`CI scope coverage: ${sampleJobs} sample jobs, ${Object.keys(manifest.suites).length} suites, ` +
+    `${candidates.size} sample roots (${unowned.length} documented exclusions).`);
diff --git a/.github/actions/compute-matrix/action.yaml b/.github/actions/compute-matrix/action.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5b07da3f39ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/actions/compute-matrix/action.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+name: Select changed CI scope
+description: Compute a conservative PR matrix using the shared ownership policy.
+inputs:
+  suite:
+    description: Suite ID in CI/change-scopes.json
+    required: true
+  mode:
+    description: enforce filters matrices; shadow preserves historical workflow gating and executes full matrices
+    default: shadow
+  force-full:
+    description: Execute the original complete matrix
+    default: 'false'
+outputs:
+  matrix:
+    description: JSON matrix object
+    value: ${{ steps.select.outputs.matrix }}
+  samples:
+    description: JSON array of selected sample paths
+    value: ${{ steps.select.outputs.samples }}
+  has_changes:
+    description: Whether the suite should execute
+    value: ${{ steps.select.outputs.has_changes }}
+  run_all:
+    description: Whether execution uses the full suite
+    value: ${{ steps.select.outputs.run_all }}
+  reasons:
+    description: JSON array of decision reasons
+    value: ${{ steps.select.outputs.reasons }}
+  proposed_selection:
+    description: Proposed filtered decision in shadow mode
+    value: ${{ steps.select.outputs.proposed_selection }}
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - id: select
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        CI_SUITE: ${{ inputs.suite }}
+        CI_SELECTION_MODE: ${{ inputs.mode }}
+        CI_ACTION_FORCE_FULL: ${{ inputs.force-full }}
+      run: |
+        args=()
+        if [[ "$CI_ACTION_FORCE_FULL" == "true" ]]; then
+          args+=(--force-full)
+        elif [[ "$CI_ACTION_FORCE_FULL" != "false" ]]; then
+          echo "force-full must be true or false" >&2
+          exit 2
+        fi
+        python3 CI/select_changes.py --provider github --suite "$CI_SUITE" --mode "$CI_SELECTION_MODE" "${args[@]}"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/docker.yaml b/.github/workflows/docker.yaml
index 4a8bc5ffd88b..b427a4489597 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/docker.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docker.yaml
@@ -3,26 +3,33 @@ name: Docker tests
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - Dockerfile
-      - run-in-docker.sh
-      - pom.xml
-      - modules/openapi-generator-online/pom.xml
-      - modules/openapi-generator-online/Dockerfile
-      - modules/openapi-generator-cli/pom.xml
-      - modules/openapi-generator-cli/Dockerfile
+    branches:
+      - master
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - Dockerfile
-      - run-in-docker.sh
-      - pom.xml
-      - modules/openapi-generator-online/pom.xml
-      - modules/openapi-generator-online/Dockerfile
-      - modules/openapi-generator-cli/pom.xml
-      - modules/openapi-generator-cli/Dockerfile
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select changes
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        id: build
+        with:
+          suite: docker.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
     name: 'Build: Docker'
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Check out code
diff --git a/.github/workflows/gradle-plugin-tests.yaml b/.github/workflows/gradle-plugin-tests.yaml
index a7cd4aa7a8a6..445177354c07 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/gradle-plugin-tests.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/gradle-plugin-tests.yaml
@@ -1,16 +1,35 @@
 name: Gradle plugin tests
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - modules/openapi-generator-gradle-plugin/**
+    branches:
+      - master
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - modules/openapi-generator-gradle-plugin/**
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select changes
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    outputs:
+      test_changed: ${{ steps.test.outputs.has_changes }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        id: test
+        with:
+          suite: gradle-plugin-tests.test
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   test:
     name: Gradle plugin tests
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.test_changed == 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
diff --git a/.github/workflows/gradle-test.yaml b/.github/workflows/gradle-test.yaml
index a8bc70eed631..7e2d35838289 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/gradle-test.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/gradle-test.yaml
@@ -1,36 +1,43 @@
 name: Gradle tests (Java samples)
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/java/**'
-      - 'samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/**'
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/java/**'
-      - 'samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/**'
+
 env:
   GRADLE_VERSION: 8.7
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: gradle-test.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Gradle tests
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     container: gradle:jdk11
     strategy:
       fail-fast: true
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/openapi3/client/extensions/x-auth-id-alias/java/jersey2-java8
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8-special-characters
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8-localdatetime
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson-group-parameter
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-swagger2
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/native
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/native-jakarta
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/linux.yaml b/.github/workflows/linux.yaml
index 2d5e7a7540e8..bfc67bff6040 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/linux.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/linux.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 name: Linux tests
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
     branches:
       - master
@@ -11,8 +12,33 @@ on:
       - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select changes
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      verify_changed: ${{ steps.verify.outputs.has_changes }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        id: build
+        with:
+          suite: linux.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        id: verify
+        with:
+          suite: linux.verify
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
     name: 'Build: JDK ${{ matrix.java }} (${{ matrix.os }})'
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' || needs.setup.outputs.verify_changed == 'true'
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
@@ -84,7 +110,8 @@ jobs:
 
   verify:
     name: Verify outputs on ${{ matrix.os }}
-    needs: build
+    needs: [setup, build]
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.verify_changed == 'true'
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
@@ -102,13 +129,14 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
         with:
           name: artifact
+          path: modules/openapi-generator-cli/target
       - name: Run Ensures Script
         shell: bash
         run: |
           git config --global core.fileMode false
           git config --global core.safecrlf false
           git config --global core.autocrlf true
-          ./mvnw clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true -Dmaven.javadoc.skip=true
+          test -s modules/openapi-generator-cli/target/openapi-generator-cli.jar
           # test with java (jersey2) client generation only as ensure-up-to-date script is run in another job instead
           ./bin/generate-samples.sh ./bin/configs/java-jersey2-8.yaml
           # test debugSupportingFiles
diff --git a/.github/workflows/maven-plugin-tests-jdk17.yaml b/.github/workflows/maven-plugin-tests-jdk17.yaml
index 05415d35dfb0..b2af1b9a2d2b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/maven-plugin-tests-jdk17.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/maven-plugin-tests-jdk17.yaml
@@ -1,16 +1,35 @@
 name: Maven plugin tests (JDK17)
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - modules/openapi-generator-maven-plugin/**
+    branches:
+      - master
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - modules/openapi-generator-maven-plugin/**
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select changes
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    outputs:
+      test_changed: ${{ steps.test.outputs.has_changes }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        id: test
+        with:
+          suite: maven-plugin-tests-jdk17.test
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   test:
     name: Maven plugin tests
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.test_changed == 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
diff --git a/.github/workflows/maven-plugin-tests.yaml b/.github/workflows/maven-plugin-tests.yaml
index dfe52df1a587..976b587920d1 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/maven-plugin-tests.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/maven-plugin-tests.yaml
@@ -1,16 +1,35 @@
 name: Maven plugin tests
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - modules/openapi-generator-maven-plugin/**
+    branches:
+      - master
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - modules/openapi-generator-maven-plugin/**
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select changes
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    outputs:
+      test_changed: ${{ steps.test.outputs.has_changes }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        id: test
+        with:
+          suite: maven-plugin-tests.test
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   test:
     name: Maven plugin tests
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.test_changed == 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
diff --git a/.github/workflows/mill-plugin-tests.yaml b/.github/workflows/mill-plugin-tests.yaml
index 3c75fac890c0..40922788b710 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/mill-plugin-tests.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/mill-plugin-tests.yaml
@@ -1,16 +1,35 @@
 name: Mill plugin tests
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - modules/openapi-generator-mill-plugin/**
+    branches:
+      - master
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - modules/openapi-generator-mill-plugin/**
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select changes
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    outputs:
+      test_changed: ${{ steps.test.outputs.has_changes }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        id: test
+        with:
+          suite: mill-plugin-tests.test
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   test:
     name: Mill plugin tests
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.test_changed == 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
diff --git a/.github/workflows/misc-test.yaml b/.github/workflows/misc-test.yaml
index 2e8e04d1d729..899f047b306e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/misc-test.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/misc-test.yaml
@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+      - name: Check CI scope coverage
+        run: node .github/.test/ci-scopes.js
+      - name: Test CI change selection
+        run: python3 -m unittest discover -s CI/tests -p 'test_*.py'
       - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
         with:
           ruby-version: '2.6'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/openapi-generator-test-results.yaml b/.github/workflows/openapi-generator-test-results.yaml
index 3a69a8c89de5..c31d23daf993 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/openapi-generator-test-results.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/openapi-generator-test-results.yaml
@@ -8,8 +8,54 @@ on:
 
 # separate workflow required due to https://github.com/dorny/test-reporter#recommended-setup-for-public-repositories
 jobs:
+  inspect:
+    name: Inspect unit test outcome
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+    outputs:
+      publish: ${{ steps.outcome.outputs.publish }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/github-script@v8
+        id: outcome
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const run = context.payload.workflow_run;
+            const parameters = { ...context.repo, run_id: run.id, per_page: 100 };
+            const jobs = await github.paginate(github.rest.actions.listJobsForWorkflowRun,
+              { ...parameters, filter: 'latest' });
+            const tests = jobs.filter(job => job.name === 'Unit tests');
+            if (tests.length !== 1) {
+              throw new Error(`Expected one Unit tests job in run ${run.id}, found ${tests.length}`);
+            }
+            const test = tests[0];
+            if (test.conclusion === 'skipped') {
+              const setup = jobs.find(job => job.name === 'Select changes');
+              if (!setup || setup.conclusion !== 'success' || run.conclusion === 'cancelled') {
+                throw new Error('Unit tests did not run because selection failed or the run was cancelled');
+              }
+              core.setOutput('publish', 'false');
+              await core.summary.addHeading('Unit tests not run')
+                .addRaw('The upstream change selector intentionally skipped unit tests.').write();
+              return;
+            }
+            if (!['success', 'failure'].includes(test.conclusion)) {
+              throw new Error(`Unit tests did not complete: ${test.conclusion}`);
+            }
+            const artifacts = await github.paginate(github.rest.actions.listWorkflowRunArtifacts, parameters);
+            if (!artifacts.some(artifact => artifact.name === 'surefire-test-results' && !artifact.expired)) {
+              throw new Error('Executed unit tests have no available surefire-test-results artifact');
+            }
+            core.setOutput('publish', 'true');
+
   report:
+    needs: inspect
+    if: needs.inspect.outputs.publish == 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+      checks: write
     steps:
       - uses: dorny/test-reporter@v3
         with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/openapi-generator.yaml b/.github/workflows/openapi-generator.yaml
index 581e9d7823d7..54ab420cfe66 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/openapi-generator.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/openapi-generator.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 name: OpenAPI Generator
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
     branches:
       - master
@@ -11,8 +12,45 @@ on:
       - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select changes
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      test_changed: ${{ steps.test.outputs.has_changes }}
+      documentation_changed: ${{ steps.documentation.outputs.has_changes }}
+      samples_changed: ${{ steps.samples.outputs.has_changes }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        id: build
+        with:
+          suite: openapi-generator.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        id: test
+        with:
+          suite: openapi-generator.test
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        id: documentation
+        with:
+          suite: openapi-generator.documentation
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        id: samples
+        with:
+          suite: openapi-generator.samples
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
     name: Build
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
@@ -51,8 +89,8 @@ jobs:
   test:
     name: Unit tests
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs:
-      - build
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.test_changed == 'true'
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - name: Set up JDK 11
@@ -85,12 +123,15 @@ jobs:
         with:
           name: surefire-test-results
           path: '**/surefire-reports/TEST-*.xml'
+          if-no-files-found: error
 
   documentation:
     name: Docs up-to-date
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs:
+      - setup
       - build
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.documentation_changed == 'true'
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - name: Set up JDK 11
@@ -128,7 +169,9 @@ jobs:
   samples:
     name: Samples up-to-date
     needs:
+      - setup
       - build
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.samples_changed == 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-aspnet-fastenpoints-server.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-aspnet-fastenpoints-server.yaml
index 73a86ff25a32..fa6489f5c332 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-aspnet-fastenpoints-server.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-aspnet-fastenpoints-server.yaml
@@ -1,29 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples C# .Net 8 FastEndpoints Server
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/aspnet/fastendpoints/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/aspnet/fastendpoints-*/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/aspnet/fastendpoints/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/aspnet/fastendpoints-*/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-aspnet-fastenpoints-server.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build .Net 8 FastEndpoints servers
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/server/petstore/aspnet/fastendpoints
-          - samples/server/petstore/aspnet/fastendpoints-useApiVersioning
-          - samples/server/petstore/aspnet/fastendpoints-useAuthentication
-          - samples/server/petstore/aspnet/fastendpoints-useProblemDetails
-          - samples/server/petstore/aspnet/fastendpoints-useRecords
-          - samples/server/petstore/aspnet/fastendpoints-useResponseCaching
-          - samples/server/petstore/aspnet/fastendpoints-useValidators
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-c-libcurl-client.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-c-libcurl-client.yaml
index 93d898d02270..cd3c9d5667f9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-c-libcurl-client.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-c-libcurl-client.yaml
@@ -1,29 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples c libcurl client
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/c/**'
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/c-useJsonUnformatted/**'
-      - 'samples/client/others/c/bearerAuth/**'
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/c/**'
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/c-useJsonUnformatted/**'
-      - 'samples/client/others/c/bearerAuth/**'
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-c-libcurl-client.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build c libcurl client
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - 'samples/client/petstore/c/'
-          - 'samples/client/petstore/c-useJsonUnformatted/'
-          - 'samples/client/others/c/bearerAuth/'
-
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - name: Prepare
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-clojure.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-clojure.yaml
index e97daa6a1df1..6529172df3b0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-clojure.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-clojure.yaml
@@ -1,21 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Clojure Client
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/clojure/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/clojure/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-clojure.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Clojure Client (JDK11)
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/client/petstore/clojure/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     services:
       petstore-api:
         image: swaggerapi/petstore
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-cpp-httplib-server.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-cpp-httplib-server.yaml
index 35a3f6bf5dad..232da3d9459f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-cpp-httplib-server.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-cpp-httplib-server.yaml
@@ -1,30 +1,40 @@
 name: Samples cpp httplib server
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - "samples/server/petstore/cpp-httplib-server/**"
-      - ".github/workflows/samples-cpp-httplib-server.yaml"
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - "samples/server/petstore/cpp-httplib-server/**"
-      - ".github/workflows/samples-cpp-httplib-server.yaml"
 
 env:
   GRADLE_VERSION: 6.9
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-cpp-httplib-server.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build cpp httplib server
     strategy:
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/server/petstore/cpp-httplib-server/petstore
-          - samples/server/petstore/cpp-httplib-server/feature-test
-        os:
-          - ubuntu-latest
-          - macOS-latest
-          - windows-latest
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-cpp-oatpp-client.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-cpp-oatpp-client.yaml
index 51c9b7969644..d1b172f8cce6 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-cpp-oatpp-client.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-cpp-oatpp-client.yaml
@@ -1,27 +1,40 @@
 name: Samples cpp oat++ client
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
     branches:
-      - "samples/client/petstore/cpp-oatpp/**"
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - "samples/client/petstore/cpp-oatpp/**"
 
 env:
   GRADLE_VERSION: 6.9
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-cpp-oatpp-client.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build cpp oat++ client
     strategy:
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/client/petstore/cpp-oatpp
-        os:
-          - ubuntu-latest
-          - macOS-latest
-          - windows-latest
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-cpp-oatpp-server.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-cpp-oatpp-server.yaml
index a3d68cf90813..e81b75e69268 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-cpp-oatpp-server.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-cpp-oatpp-server.yaml
@@ -1,27 +1,40 @@
 name: Samples cpp oat++ server
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
     branches:
-      - "samples/server/petstore/cpp-oatpp/**"
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - "samples/server/petstore/cpp-oatpp/**"
 
 env:
   GRADLE_VERSION: 6.9
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-cpp-oatpp-server.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build cpp oat++ server
     strategy:
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/server/petstore/cpp-oatpp
-        os:
-          - ubuntu-latest
-          - macOS-latest
-          - windows-latest
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-cpp-qt-client.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-cpp-qt-client.yaml
index 53fc3242b6fc..9586a680923d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-cpp-qt-client.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-cpp-qt-client.yaml
@@ -1,28 +1,40 @@
 name: Samples cpp qt client
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
     branches:
-      - "samples/client/petstore/cpp-qt*/**"
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - "samples/client/petstore/cpp-qt*/**"
 
 env:
   GRADLE_VERSION: 6.9
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-cpp-qt-client.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build cpp qt client
     strategy:
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/client/petstore/cpp-qt
-          - samples/client/petstore/cpp-qt-addDownloadProgress
-        os:
-          - ubuntu-latest
-          - macOS-latest
-          - windows-latest
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-crystal.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-crystal.yaml
index bbc634f2d985..6ec897709635 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-crystal.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-crystal.yaml
@@ -1,22 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Crystal clients
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/crystal/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/crystal/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-crystal.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Crystal projects
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/client/petstore/crystal/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     services:
       petstore-api:
         image: swaggerapi/petstore
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-dart-build-test.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-dart-build-test.yaml
index 59868d468c2f..5d5a0b3fbdda 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-dart-build-test.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-dart-build-test.yaml
@@ -1,47 +1,37 @@
 name: Samples Dart (build, test)
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
     branches:
-    paths:
-      #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart2/petstore_client_lib_fake/**
-      #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/petstore_client_lib_fake_tests/**
-      #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/petstore_client_lib_fake-json_serializable/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/petstore_client_lib_fake/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/oneof/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/anyof/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/oneof_polymorphism_and_inheritance/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/binary_response/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/petstore-timemachine/**
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart2/petstore_client_lib_fake/**
-      #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/petstore_client_lib_fake_tests/**
-      #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/petstore_client_lib_fake-json_serializable/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/petstore_client_lib_fake/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/oneof/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/anyof/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/oneof_polymorphism_and_inheritance/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/binary_response/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/petstore-timemachine/**
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      test_changed: ${{ steps.test.outputs.has_changes }}
+      test_matrix: ${{ steps.test.outputs.matrix }}
+      test_samples: ${{ steps.test.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: test
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-dart-build-test.test
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   test:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.test_changed == 'true' }}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
-      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest]
-        sdk: ["3.9.0"]
-        sample:
-          #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart2/petstore_client_lib_fake/
-          #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/petstore_client_lib_fake_tests/
-          #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/petstore_client_lib_fake-json_serializable/
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/petstore_client_lib_fake/
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/oneof/
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/anyof/
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/oneof_polymorphism_and_inheritance/
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/binary_response/
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/petstore-timemachine/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.test_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-dart.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-dart.yaml
index 710ce5fa7592..d0926fc329c7 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-dart.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-dart.yaml
@@ -1,19 +1,37 @@
 name: Samples Dart
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
     branches:
-      - master
+      - 'master'
       - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
     branches:
-      - master
+      - 'master'
       - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart*/**'
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      tests_dart_changed: ${{ steps.tests_dart.outputs.has_changes }}
+      tests_dart_matrix: ${{ steps.tests_dart.outputs.matrix }}
+      tests_dart_samples: ${{ steps.tests_dart.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: tests_dart
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-dart.tests-dart
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   tests-dart:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.tests_dart_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Tests Dart
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet-fx.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet-fx.yaml
index 1ddcb8527123..379e5579c80d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet-fx.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet-fx.yaml
@@ -1,37 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples C# .Net Framework Clients
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.7/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.8/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.7/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.8/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-dotnet-fx.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build .Net Framework projects
     runs-on: windows-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.7/AllOf
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.7/AnyOf
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.7/AnyOfNoCompare
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.7/FormModels
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.7/OneOf
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.7/Petstore
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.7/UseDateTimeForDate
-
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.8/AllOf
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.8/AnyOf
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.8/AnyOfNoCompare
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.8/FormModels
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.8/OneOf
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.8/Petstore
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.8/UseDateTimeForDate
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - name: Build
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet-petstore-net10.yml b/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet-petstore-net10.yml
index 5b6af31ede32..c2238756ac3c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet-petstore-net10.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet-petstore-net10.yml
@@ -1,14 +1,34 @@
 name: Samples C# .Net 10 Client (Petstore)
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net10/Petstore/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net10/Petstore/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-dotnet-petstore-net10.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build clients
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     services:
@@ -21,9 +41,7 @@ jobs:
           SWAGGER_BASE_PATH: /v2
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net10/Petstore/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet-petstore.yml b/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet-petstore.yml
index 7a0759ec5880..02d8503e3a85 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet-petstore.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet-petstore.yml
@@ -1,14 +1,34 @@
 name: Samples C# .Net Client (Petstore)
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/standard2.0/Petstore/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/standard2.0/Petstore/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-dotnet-petstore.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build clients
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     services:
@@ -21,9 +41,7 @@ jobs:
           SWAGGER_BASE_PATH: /v2
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/standard2.0/Petstore/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet-standard.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet-standard.yaml
index 515d74d15f98..8754688f4079 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet-standard.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet-standard.yaml
@@ -1,31 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples C# .Net Standard Client
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/standard2.0/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/httpclient/standard2.0/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/standard2.0/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/unityWebRequest/standard2.0/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/standard2.0/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/httpclient/standard2.0/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/standard2.0/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/unityWebRequest/standard2.0/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-dotnet-standard.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build .Net Standard projects
     runs-on: windows-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/standard2.0/Petstore/
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/httpclient/standard2.0/Petstore/
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/standard2.0/Petstore/
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/standard2.0/ConditionalSerialization/
-          # - samples/client/petstore/csharp/unityWebRequest/standard2.0/Petstore/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet10.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet10.yaml
index 4372d16c0055..23d7a13bc923 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet10.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet10.yaml
@@ -1,54 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples C# .Net 10 Clients
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/latest/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net10/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/httpclient/net10/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net10/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/unityWebRequest/net10/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/latest/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net10/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/httpclient/net10/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net10/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/unityWebRequest/net10/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-dotnet10.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build .Net 10 projects
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/latest/AnnotatedEnum
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/latest/ComposedEnum
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/latest/InlineEnumAnyOf
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/latest/Tags
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/latest/HelloWorld
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/latest/NullTypes
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/latest/OneOfList
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/latest/UseDateTimeOffset
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net10/AllOf
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net10/AnyOf
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net10/AnyOfNoCompare
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net10/FormModels
-          # - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net10/ManualPetstoreTests
-          # - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net10/ManualSourceGenerationTests
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net10/NullReferenceTypes
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net10/OneOf
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net10/Petstore
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net10/SourceGeneration
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net10/UseDateTimeForDate
-          # restsharp
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net10/EnumMappings
-          # httpclient
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/httpclient/net10/Petstore
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/httpclient/net10/Petstore-nonPublicApi
-          # unity
-          # - samples/client/petstore/csharp/unityWebRequest/net10/Petstore
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet6-server.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet6-server.yaml
index b56e3352aa5e..963d1c0b60f4 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet6-server.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet6-server.yaml
@@ -1,28 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples C# .Net 6 Server
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-6.0/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-6.0-*/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-6.0/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-6.0-*/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-dotnet6-server.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build .Net 6 servers
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-6.0
-          - samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-6.0-NewtonsoftFalse
-          - samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-6.0-nullableReferenceTypes
-          - samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-6.0-pocoModels
-          - samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-6.0-project4Models
-          - samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-6.0-useSwashBuckle
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet7-client.yml b/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet7-client.yml
index c726e31184cd..023fded2ac77 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet7-client.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet7-client.yml
@@ -1,46 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples C# .Net 7 Client
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      # the .NET Core 3.0 runtime is no longer supported as it reached its end-of-life on March 3, 2020
-      #- samples/client/petstore/csharp/httpclient/standard2.0/Petstore/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net4.7/MultipleFrameworks/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net4.7/Petstore/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net4.8/Petstore/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/ParameterMappings/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/EnumMappings/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/Petstore/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/UseDateTimeForDate/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/standard2.0/ConditionalSerialization/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      #- samples/client/petstore/csharp/httpclient/standard2.0/Petstore/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net4.7/MultipleFrameworks/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net4.7/Petstore/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net4.8/Petstore/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/ParameterMappings/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/EnumMappings/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/Petstore/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/UseDateTimeForDate/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/standard2.0/ConditionalSerialization/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-dotnet7-client.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build clients
     runs-on: windows-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          #- samples/client/petstore/csharp/httpclient/standard2.0/Petstore/
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net4.7/MultipleFrameworks/
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net4.7/Petstore/
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net4.8/Petstore/
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/ParameterMappings/
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/EnumMappings/
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/Petstore/
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/UseDateTimeForDate/
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/standard2.0/ConditionalSerialization/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet8-client-echo-api.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet8-client-echo-api.yaml
index f0b5046b5b9a..f8aa4ad7be03 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet8-client-echo-api.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet8-client-echo-api.yaml
@@ -1,22 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples C# .Net 8 Client Echo API
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/echo_api/csharp/restsharp/net8/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/echo_api/csharp/restsharp/net8/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-dotnet8-client-echo-api.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build .Net clients
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/client/echo_api/csharp/restsharp/net8/EchoApi
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet8-client.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet8-client.yaml
index 1929ff8f6645..1acaab13c0ea 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet8-client.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet8-client.yaml
@@ -1,22 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples C# .Net 8 Client
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-dotnet8-client.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build .Net clients
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/ParameterMappings/
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/useVirtualForHooks/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet8-server.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet8-server.yaml
index 85c25a4a8d57..e6b357e54e38 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet8-server.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet8-server.yaml
@@ -1,29 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples C# .Net 8 Server
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-8.0/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-8.0-*/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-8.0/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-8.0-*/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-dotnet8-server.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build .Net 8 servers
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-8.0
-          - samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-8.0-NewtonsoftFalse
-          - samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-8.0-nullableReferenceTypes
-          - samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-8.0-pocoModels
-          - samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-8.0-project4Models
-          - samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-8.0-useSwashBuckle
-          - samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-8.0-use-centralized-package-version-management
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet8.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet8.yaml
index ad061d228e58..18d21e49f292 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet8.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet8.yaml
@@ -1,37 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples C# .Net 8 Clients
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net8/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/httpclient/net8/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/unityWebRequest/net8/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net8/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/httpclient/net8/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/unityWebRequest/net8/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-dotnet8.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build .Net 8 projects
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net8/AllOf
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net8/AnyOf
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net8/AnyOfNoCompare
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net8/FormModels
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net8/ManualPetstoreTests
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net8/ManualSourceGenerationTests
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net8/NullReferenceTypes
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net8/OneOf
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net8/Petstore
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net8/SourceGeneration
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net8/UseDateTimeForDate
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet9.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet9.yaml
index 0caf0b3f7754..535d15ad65cc 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet9.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-dotnet9.yaml
@@ -1,44 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples C# .Net 9 Clients
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net9/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/httpclient/net9/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net9/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/unityWebRequest/net9/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net9/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/httpclient/net9/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net9/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/csharp/unityWebRequest/net9/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-dotnet9.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build .Net 9 projects
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net9/AllOf
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net9/AnyOf
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net9/AnyOfNoCompare
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net9/FormModels
-          # - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net9/ManualPetstoreTests
-          # - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net9/ManualSourceGenerationTests
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net9/NullReferenceTypes
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net9/OneOf
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net9/Petstore
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net9/SourceGeneration
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net9/UseDateTimeForDate
-          # restsharp
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net9/EnumMappings
-          # httpclient
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/httpclient/net9/Petstore
-          - samples/client/petstore/csharp/httpclient/net9/Petstore-nonPublicApi
-          # unity
-          #- samples/client/petstore/csharp/unityWebRequest/net9/Petstore
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-elixir.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-elixir.yaml
index 0cf99a71848b..8db4dd07dcba 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-elixir.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-elixir.yaml
@@ -1,25 +1,38 @@
 name: Samples Elixir
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/elixir/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/elixir-req/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/elixir/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/elixir-req/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-elixir.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     name: OTP ${{matrix.otp}} / Elixir ${{matrix.elixir}}
     strategy:
-      matrix:
-        otp: ['25.3.2', '26.2.5', '27.3.3']
-        elixir: ['1.18.3']
-        sample:
-          - samples/client/petstore/elixir/
-          - samples/client/petstore/elixir-req/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     services:
       petstore-api:
         image: swaggerapi/petstore
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-elm.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-elm.yaml
index 90edeaeee19f..1b21c3413bad 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-elm.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-elm.yaml
@@ -1,27 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Elm
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - .github/workflows/samples-elm.yaml
-      - samples/client/petstore/elm/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/elm/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - .github/workflows/samples-elm.yaml
-      - samples/client/petstore/elm/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/elm/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-elm.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Elm clients
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/client/petstore/elm
-          - samples/openapi3/client/elm
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: jorelali/setup-elm@v6
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-erlang.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-erlang.yaml
index a0a3b6c490b5..d77e3c858282 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-erlang.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-erlang.yaml
@@ -1,30 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Erlang
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/echo_api/erlang-server/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/erlang-server/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/erlang-client/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/erlang-proper/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/echo_api/erlang-server/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/erlang-server/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/erlang-client/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/erlang-proper/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-erlang.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Erlang projects
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/server/echo_api/erlang-server/
-          - samples/server/petstore/erlang-server/
-          - samples/client/petstore/erlang-client/
-          - samples/client/petstore/erlang-proper/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: erlef/setup-beam@v1
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-go-client-echo-api.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-go-client-echo-api.yaml
index 7aff5acef911..c62fae2f68e5 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-go-client-echo-api.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-go-client-echo-api.yaml
@@ -1,20 +1,39 @@
 name: Go Client (Echo API)
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/echo_api/go/**
-      - .github/workflows/samples-go-client-echo-api.yaml
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-go-client-echo-api.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Test Go client
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/client/echo_api/go
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v7
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-go-client-petstore.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-go-client-petstore.yaml
index 416c9d23288c..edd52c6ef8b2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-go-client-petstore.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-go-client-petstore.yaml
@@ -1,17 +1,34 @@
 name: Samples Go Clients (Petstore)
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/go/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/go/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/go/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/go/**
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-go-client-petstore.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Go
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     services:
@@ -24,10 +41,7 @@ jobs:
           SWAGGER_BASE_PATH: /v2
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/client/petstore/go/
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/go/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - name: Add hosts to /etc/hosts
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-go-client.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-go-client.yaml
index 295b8cb1a87c..d3651e935ffd 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-go-client.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-go-client.yaml
@@ -1,39 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Go Clients
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/openapi3/client/petstore/go/go-petstore-aws-signature/**'
-      - 'samples/openapi3/client/petstore/go-petstore-withXml/**'
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/go-petstore-generateMarshalJSON-false/**
-      - samples/client/others/go/allof_multiple_ref_and_discriminator/**
-      - samples/client/others/go/oneof-anyof-required/**
-      - samples/client/others/go/oneof-discriminator-lookup/**
-      - samples/client/others/go/issue_20079_go_regex_wrongly_translated/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/openapi3/client/petstore/go/go-petstore-aws-signature/**'
-      - 'samples/openapi3/client/petstore/go-petstore-withXml/**'
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/go-petstore-generateMarshalJSON-false/**
-      - samples/client/others/go/allof_multiple_ref_and_discriminator/**
-      - samples/client/others/go/oneof-anyof-required/**
-      - samples/client/others/go/oneof-discriminator-lookup/**
-      - samples/client/others/go/issue_20079_go_regex_wrongly_translated/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-go-client.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Go
     runs-on: windows-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - 'samples/openapi3/client/petstore/go/go-petstore-aws-signature/'
-          - 'samples/openapi3/client/petstore/go-petstore-withXml/'
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/go-petstore-generateMarshalJSON-false/
-          - samples/client/others/go/allof_multiple_ref_and_discriminator/
-          - samples/client/others/go/oneof-anyof-required/
-          - samples/client/others/go/oneof-discriminator-lookup/
-          - samples/client/others/go/issue_20079_go_regex_wrongly_translated/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v7
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-go-gin.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-go-gin.yaml
index 5b57ebfe0189..e3b937470f5e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-go-gin.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-go-gin.yaml
@@ -1,25 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Go 
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/go-gin-api-server/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/go-gin-api-server-interface-only/**'
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/go-gin-api-server/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/go-gin-api-server-interface-only/**'
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-go-gin.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Go 
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/server/petstore/go-gin-api-server/
-          - samples/server/petstore/go-gin-api-server-interface-only/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v7
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-go.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-go.yaml
index 6acbef8d8486..63288d540cda 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-go.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-go.yaml
@@ -1,33 +1,47 @@
 name: Samples Go
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/go-echo-server/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/go-api-server/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/go-chi-server/**'
-      - 'samples/server/others/go-server/**'
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/go-echo-server/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/go-api-server/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/go-chi-server/**'
-      - 'samples/server/others/go-server/**'
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+      verify_changed: ${{ steps.verify.outputs.has_changes }}
+      verify_matrix: ${{ steps.verify.outputs.matrix }}
+      verify_samples: ${{ steps.verify.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-go.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE_PILOT || vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+      - id: verify
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-go.verify
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE_PILOT || vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Go
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/server/petstore/go-echo-server/
-          - samples/server/petstore/go-api-server/
-          - samples/server/petstore/go-chi-server/
-          - samples/server/others/go-server/no-body-path-params/
-          - samples/server/others/go-server/optional-body/
-          - samples/server/others/go-server/required-zero-value/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v7
@@ -39,15 +53,13 @@ jobs:
         run: go test -mod=mod ./... -v
 
   verify:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.verify_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Verify generated Go files with Go tests
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/server/petstore/go-api-server/
-        go-version:
-          - "1.25"
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.verify_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - name: Set up Go
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-groovy.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-groovy.yaml
index a64ceef19a0f..dea7323993df 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-groovy.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-groovy.yaml
@@ -1,25 +1,42 @@
 name: Samples Groovy
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/groovy**'
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/groovy**'
 
 env:
   GRADLE_VERSION: 6.9
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-groovy.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Groovy
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/client/petstore/groovy
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     services:
       petstore-api:
         image: swaggerapi/petstore
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-haskell.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-haskell.yaml
index a3a1797c7d1e..5562eb84b958 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-haskell.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-haskell.yaml
@@ -1,31 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Haskell
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/haskell-yesod/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/haskell-servant/**
-      - samples/server/others/haskell-servant-ping/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/haskell-http-client/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/haskell-yesod/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/haskell-servant/**
-      - samples/server/others/haskell-servant-ping/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/haskell-http-client/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-haskell.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build stack projects
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # servers
-          - samples/server/petstore/haskell-yesod/
-          - samples/server/petstore/haskell-servant/
-          - samples/server/others/haskell-servant-ping/
-          - samples/client/petstore/haskell-http-client/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: haskell/actions/setup@v2
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-java-client-echo-api-jdk11.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-java-client-echo-api-jdk11.yaml
index b61e59f683b0..65bd0e5a7a96 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-java-client-echo-api-jdk11.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-java-client-echo-api-jdk11.yaml
@@ -1,26 +1,39 @@
 name: Java Client (Echo API) JDK11
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/echo_api/java/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/echo_api/java/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-java-client-echo-api-jdk11.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Java Client JDK11
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/client/echo_api/java/apache-httpclient
-          - samples/client/echo_api/java/native
-          - samples/client/echo_api/java/feign-gson
-          - samples/client/echo_api/java/resttemplate
-          - samples/client/echo_api/java/resteasy
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-java-client-echo-api-jdk17.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-java-client-echo-api-jdk17.yaml
index d440669770a7..72f042a8611f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-java-client-echo-api-jdk17.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-java-client-echo-api-jdk17.yaml
@@ -1,27 +1,39 @@
 name: Java Client (Echo API) JDK17
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/echo_api/java/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/echo_api/java/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-java-client-echo-api-jdk17.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Java Client JDK17
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/client/echo_api/java/apache-httpclient
-          - samples/client/echo_api/java/native
-          - samples/client/echo_api/java/feign-gson
-          - samples/client/echo_api/java/resttemplate
-          - samples/client/echo_api/java/resteasy
-          - samples/client/echo_api/java/restclient
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-java-client-echo-api-jdk8.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-java-client-echo-api-jdk8.yaml
index b8bb5401e637..59cec7fb55b8 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-java-client-echo-api-jdk8.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-java-client-echo-api-jdk8.yaml
@@ -1,33 +1,39 @@
 name: Java Client (Echo API) JDK8
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/echo_api/java/apache-httpclient/**
-      - samples/client/echo_api/java/feign-gson/**
-      - samples/client/echo_api/java/okhttp-gson/**
-      - samples/client/echo_api/java/resttemplate/**
-      - samples/client/echo_api/java/resteasy/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/echo_api/java/apache-httpclient/**
-      - samples/client/echo_api/java/feign-gson/**
-      - samples/client/echo_api/java/okhttp-gson/**
-      - samples/client/echo_api/java/resteasy/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-java-client-echo-api-jdk8.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Java Client JDK8
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/client/echo_api/java/apache-httpclient
-          - samples/client/echo_api/java/feign-gson
-          - samples/client/echo_api/java/okhttp-gson
-          - samples/client/echo_api/java/resttemplate
-          - samples/client/echo_api/java/resteasy
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-java-client-jdk11.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-java-client-jdk11.yaml
index 15df7f3ed20c..a9332f32d267 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-java-client-jdk11.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-java-client-jdk11.yaml
@@ -1,119 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Java Client JDK11
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/java/**'
-      - samples/client/petstore/jaxrs-cxf-client/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/jaxrs-cxf-client-swagger2/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java-micronaut-client/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8-special-characters/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8-swagger1/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8-swagger2/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/native**
-      - samples/client/others/java/okhttp-gson-oneOf/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/okhttp-gson-oneOf-array/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/resttemplate-useAbstractionForFiles/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/webclient-useAbstractionForFiles/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-useSingleRequestParameter/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/jersey2-oneOf-duplicates/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/jersey2-oneOf-Mixed/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/okhttp-gson-streaming/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/resteasy/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/apache-httpclient/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/resttemplate-list-schema-validation/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson-3.1-duplicated-operationid/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/java/**'
-      - samples/client/petstore/jaxrs-cxf-client/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/jaxrs-cxf-client-swagger2/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java-micronaut-client/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8-special-characters/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8-swagger1/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8-swagger2/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/native**
-      - samples/client/others/java/okhttp-gson-oneOf/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/okhttp-gson-oneOf-array/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/resttemplate-useAbstractionForFiles/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/webclient-useAbstractionForFiles/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-useSingleRequestParameter/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/jersey2-oneOf-duplicates/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/jersey2-oneOf-Mixed/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/okhttp-gson-streaming/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/resteasy/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/apache-httpclient/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/resttemplate-list-schema-validation/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson-3.1-duplicated-operationid/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-java-client-jdk11.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Java Client JDK11
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/client/petstore/jaxrs-cxf-client-swagger2
-          - samples/client/petstore/jaxrs-cxf-client
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/native
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/native-async
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/native-jakarta
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/native-useGzipFeature
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/retrofit2
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/retrofit2rx2
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/retrofit2rx3
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/retrofit2-play26
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/resttemplate
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/resttemplate-withXml
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/webclient
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-nullable-arrays
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-swagger2
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-useSingleRequestParameter
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/vertx
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/vertx5
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/vertx5-supportVertxFuture
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/vertx-no-nullable
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/vertx-supportVertxFuture
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8-localdatetime
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/google-api-client
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/rest-assured
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/rest-assured-jackson
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-rest-client
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-rest-client-mutiny
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-rest-client-3.0
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-rest-client-3.0-jackson
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-rest-client-3.0-jackson-mutiny
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-rest-client-3.0-jackson-with-xml
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-rest-client-3.0-mutiny
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-rest-client-3.0-jspecify
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-rest-client-with-useSingleRequestParameter
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-oneof-interface
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/apache-httpclient
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/feign
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/feign-hc5
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/feign-no-nullable
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson-awsv4signature
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8-special-characters
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/native
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson-swagger1/
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/resttemplate-swagger1/
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8-swagger1/
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson-swagger2/
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/resttemplate-swagger2/
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8-swagger2/
-          - samples/client/others/java/okhttp-gson-oneOf/
-          - samples/client/others/java/okhttp-gson-oneOf-array/
-          - samples/client/echo_api/java/okhttp-gson-user-defined-templates/
-          - samples/client/others/java/resttemplate-useAbstractionForFiles/
-          - samples/client/others/java/webclient-useAbstractionForFiles/
-          - samples/client/others/java/jersey2-oneOf-duplicates/
-          - samples/client/others/java/jersey2-oneOf-Mixed/
-          - samples/client/others/java/resttemplate-list-schema-validation/
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson-3.1-duplicated-operationid/
-          - samples/client/others/java/okhttp-gson-streaming/
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/resteasy/
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/apache-httpclient/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-java-client-jdk17.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-java-client-jdk17.yaml
index c7baf21fe6e2..714de33f884e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-java-client-jdk17.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-java-client-jdk17.yaml
@@ -1,81 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Java Client JDK17
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/resttemplate-jakarta/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/resttemplate-springBoot4-*/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-jakarta/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/restclient-*/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/native-jackson3/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/apache-httpclient-jackson3/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/native-jackson3-jspecify/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/restclient-springBoot4-jackson3-jspecify/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/restclient-springBoot4-jackson3-jspecify-openapiNullable/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/webclient-sealedInterface/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/webclient-sealedInterface_3_1/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-useSingleRequestParameter/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/restclient-enum-in-multipart/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/restclient-sealedInterface/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/restclient-useAbstractionForFiles/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/jersey3-oneOf/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/jersey3-jackson3/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-oneof-sealed/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/resttemplate-jakarta/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/resttemplate-springBoot4-*/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-jakarta/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/restclient-*/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/native-jackson3/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/apache-httpclient-jackson3/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/native-jackson3-jspecify/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/restclient-springBoot4-jackson3-jspecify/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/restclient-springBoot4-jackson3-jspecify-openapiNullable/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/webclient-sealedInterface/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/webclient-sealedInterface_3_1/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-useSingleRequestParameter/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/restclient-enum-in-multipart/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/restclient-sealedInterface/**
-      - samples/client/others/java/restclient-useAbstractionForFiles/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/jersey3-oneOf/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/jersey3-jackson3/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-oneof-sealed/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-java-client-jdk17.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Java Client JDK17
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/resttemplate-jakarta
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/resttemplate-springBoot4-jackson2
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/resttemplate-springBoot4-jackson3
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-jakarta
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/restclient
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/restclient-nullable-arrays
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/restclient-springBoot4-jackson2
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/restclient-springBoot4-jackson3
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/restclient-springBoot4-jackson3-jspecify
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/restclient-springBoot4-jackson3-jspecify-openapiNullable
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/native-jackson3-jspecify
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/restclient-swagger2
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/restclient-useSingleRequestParameter
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/restclient-useSingleRequestParameter-static
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/native-jackson3
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/apache-httpclient-jackson3
-          - samples/client/others/java/webclient-sealedInterface
-          - samples/client/others/java/webclient-sealedInterface_3_1
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-springBoot4-jackson3
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-useSingleRequestParameter
-          - samples/client/others/java/restclient-enum-in-multipart
-          - samples/client/others/java/restclient-sealedInterface
-          - samples/client/others/java/restclient-useAbstractionForFiles
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/jersey3-oneOf
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/jersey3-jackson3
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-oneof-sealed
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-java-dubbo.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-java-dubbo.yaml
index 9da757197c43..eab3607e724a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-java-dubbo.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-java-dubbo.yaml
@@ -1,23 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Java Dubbo
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/java-dubbo/**'
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/java-dubbo/**'
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-java-dubbo.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Java Dubbo
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # servers
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-dubbo
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-java-helidon-v3.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-java-helidon-v3.yaml
index dfd63c25d63a..48c928b5c72f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-java-helidon-v3.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-java-helidon-v3.yaml
@@ -1,30 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Java Helidon v3
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v3/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v3/**
-      - samples/server/others/java-helidon-server/v3/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v3/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v3/**
-      - samples/server/others/java-helidon-server/v3/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-java-helidon-v3.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Java Helidon 
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v3/mp
-          - samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v3/se
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v3/mp
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v3/se
-          - samples/server/others/java-helidon-server/v3/mp-format-test
-        version: [17]
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-java-helidon-v4.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-java-helidon-v4.yaml
index c780afaf7388..7db0fb8a9827 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-java-helidon-v4.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-java-helidon-v4.yaml
@@ -1,31 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Java Helidon v4
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v4/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v4/**
-      - samples/server/others/java-helidon-server/v4/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v4/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v4/**
-      - samples/server/others/java-helidon-server/v4/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-java-helidon-v4.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Java Helidon 
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v4/mp
-          - samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v4/se
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v4/mp
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v4/se
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v4/se-uac
-          - samples/server/others/java-helidon-server/v4/mp-format-test
-        version: [21]
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-java-petsore-client-jdk11.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-java-petsore-client-jdk11.yaml
index e498bed5076c..3985e973dcf2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-java-petsore-client-jdk11.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-java-petsore-client-jdk11.yaml
@@ -2,36 +2,39 @@
 name: Samples Java Petsore Client JDK11
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson-3.1/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson-dynamicOperations/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java-micronaut-client/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson-3.1/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson-dynamicOperations/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java-micronaut-client/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-java-petsore-client-jdk11.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Java Client JDK11
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson-3.1
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson-dynamicOperations
-          - samples/client/petstore/java-micronaut-client
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     services:
       petstore-api:
         image: swaggerapi/petstore
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-java-petsore-client-jdk17.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-java-petsore-client-jdk17.yaml
index fd4f358bf367..6808e4ed7521 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-java-petsore-client-jdk17.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-java-petsore-client-jdk17.yaml
@@ -2,21 +2,39 @@
 name: Samples Java Petsore Client JDK17
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/jersey3/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/jersey3/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-java-petsore-client-jdk17.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Java Client JDK17
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/jersey3
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     services:
       petstore-api:
         image: swaggerapi/petstore
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-java-play-framework.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-java-play-framework.yaml
index d99f01e67bfa..c27f0570a7d5 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-java-play-framework.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-java-play-framework.yaml
@@ -1,33 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Java Play Framework
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework**'
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework**'
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-java-play-framework.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Java Play Framework
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # servers
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework-api-package-override
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework-async
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework-controller-only
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework-fake-endpoints
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework-fake-endpoints-with-security
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework-no-bean-validation
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework-no-excp-handling
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework-no-interface
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework-no-nullable
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework-no-swagger-ui
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework-no-wrap-calls
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-java-sbt.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-java-sbt.yaml
index 163b47f68acd..2f6882d3f9d6 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-java-sbt.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-java-sbt.yaml
@@ -1,22 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Java (sbt)
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson/**'
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson/**'
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-java-sbt.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build sbt/Java client, servers
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-java-server-jdk8.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-java-server-jdk8.yaml
index 7df48bc6c14c..3cfd2781ef17 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-java-server-jdk8.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-java-server-jdk8.yaml
@@ -1,39 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Java Server
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/java-vertx-web/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/java-vertx-web-interface-only/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/java-inflector/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/java-pkmst/**'
-      # test in circleci instead
-      #- 'samples/server/petstore/java-undertow/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/java-microprofile/**'
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/java-vertx-web/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/java-vertx-web-interface-only/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/java-inflector/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/java-inflector/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/java-pkmst/**'
-      #- 'samples/server/petstore/java-undertow/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/java-microprofile/**'
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-java-server-jdk8.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Java Server
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # servers
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-vertx-web/
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-vertx-web-interface-only/
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-inflector/
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-pkmst/
-          #- samples/server/petstore/java-undertow/
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-microprofile/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-java-wiremock.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-java-wiremock.yaml
index a0c5b43ffd42..2d4c3d7c7e0f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-java-wiremock.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-java-wiremock.yaml
@@ -1,21 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Java Wiremock
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/java-wiremock/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/java-wiremock/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-java-wiremock.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Java Wiremock
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-wiremock
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-javascript.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-javascript.yaml
index 8fae01b6c51b..79e31d6a18d8 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-javascript.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-javascript.yaml
@@ -1,30 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples JS clients
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      #- samples/client/petstore/javascript-flowtyped/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/javascript-es6/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/javascript-promise-es6/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      #- samples/client/petstore/javascript-flowtyped/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/javascript-es6/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/javascript-promise-es6/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-javascript.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build projects
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        node:
-          - "18.x"
-          - "20.x"
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/client/petstore/javascript-es6/
-          - samples/client/petstore/javascript-promise-es6/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     services:
       petstore-api:
         image: swaggerapi/petstore
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-jaxrs-jdk11.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-jaxrs-jdk11.yaml
index 4ce2b9edc880..9add474aeec4 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-jaxrs-jdk11.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-jaxrs-jdk11.yaml
@@ -1,22 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples JAX-RS (JDK11)
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs/jersey3/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs/jersey3/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-jaxrs-jdk11.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build JAX-RS
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # servers
-          - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs/jersey3
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-jaxrs.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-jaxrs.yaml
index 4ce3d4c1fe74..423fab56f0f2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-jaxrs.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-jaxrs.yaml
@@ -1,43 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples JAX-RS
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/jaxrs*/**'
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/jaxrs*/**'
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-jaxrs.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build JAX-RS
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # servers
-          - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs/jersey2
-          - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs/jersey2-useTags
-          - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-jersey
-          - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec
-          - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec-withxml
-          - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec-interface
-          - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec-interface-response
-          - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec-oneof-interface
-          - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-datelib-j8
-          - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-resteasy/default
-          - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-resteasy/eap
-          - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-resteasy/eap-joda
-          - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-resteasy/eap-java8
-          - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-resteasy/joda
-          - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-cxf
-          - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-cxf-annotated-base-path
-          - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-cxf-cdi
-          - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-cxf-non-spring-app
-          - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec-microprofile-openapi-annotations
-          - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec-swagger-annotations
-          - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec-swagger-v3-annotations-jakarta
-          - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec-swagger-v3-annotations
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-jdk17.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-jdk17.yaml
index b08cd4b85a02..3ab53684d161 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-jdk17.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-jdk17.yaml
@@ -1,83 +1,38 @@
 name: Samples JDK17
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      # clients
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/spring-cloud-3/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v3/mp/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v3/se/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-reactive/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-reactive-bean-validation/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-bean-validation/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-reactive-noResponseEntity/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-noResponseEntity/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-useHttpServiceProxyFactoryInterfacesConfigurator/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-jakarta/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-rest-client-outer-enum/**
-      # servers
-      - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-3/**
-      - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-3-include-http-request-context/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/springboot-x-implements-skip/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/java-camel/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v3/mp/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v3/se/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec-sealed/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec/quarkus-security/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      # clients
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/spring-cloud-3/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v3/mp/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v3/se/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-reactive/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-reactive-bean-validation/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-bean-validation/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-reactive-noResponseEntity/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-noResponseEntity/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-useHttpServiceProxyFactoryInterfacesConfigurator/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-jakarta/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-rest-client-outer-enum/**
-      # servers
-      - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-3/**
-      - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-3-include-http-request-context/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/springboot-x-implements-skip/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/java-camel/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v3/mp/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v3/se/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec-sealed/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec/quarkus-security/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-jdk17.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build with JDK17
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/spring-cloud-3
-          - samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v3/mp/
-          - samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v3/se
-          - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-reactive
-          - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-reactive-bean-validation
-          - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-bean-validation
-          - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface
-          - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-reactive-noResponseEntity
-          - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-noResponseEntity
-          - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-useHttpServiceProxyFactoryInterfacesConfigurator
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-jakarta
-          - samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-rest-client-outer-enum
-          # servers
-          - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-3
-          - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-3-include-http-request-context
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-x-implements-skip
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-camel/
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v3/mp/
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v3/se
-          - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec-sealed
-          - samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec/quarkus-security
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-jdk21.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-jdk21.yaml
index e24d78940215..d3ca0d6e63b9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-jdk21.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-jdk21.yaml
@@ -1,35 +1,38 @@
 name: Samples JDK21
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      # clients
-      - samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v4/mp/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v4/se/**
-      # servers
-      - samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v4/mp/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v4/se/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      # clients
-      - samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v4/mp/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v4/se/**
-      # servers
-      - samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v4/mp/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v4/se/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-jdk21.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build with JDK21
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v4/mp/
-          - samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v4/se/
-          # servers
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v4/mp/
-          - samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v4/se/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-julia.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-julia.yaml
index 4463a2f45c65..4d32ffd27f4f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-julia.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-julia.yaml
@@ -1,17 +1,34 @@
 name: Samples Julia
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/julia/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/julia/**'
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/julia/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/julia/**'
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      tests_julia_changed: ${{ steps.tests_julia.outputs.has_changes }}
+      tests_julia_matrix: ${{ steps.tests_julia.outputs.matrix }}
+      tests_julia_samples: ${{ steps.tests_julia.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: tests_julia
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-julia.tests-julia
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   tests-julia:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.tests_julia_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Tests Julia
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-kotlin-client.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-kotlin-client.yaml
index 0d5b8e9f9edc..fc7f6e5c6c16 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-kotlin-client.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-kotlin-client.yaml
@@ -1,92 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Kotlin client
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
     branches:
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/kotlin*/**'
-      - 'samples/client/others/kotlin-jvm-okhttp-parameter-tests/**'
-      - samples/client/others/kotlin-integer-enum/**
-      - samples/client/others/kotlin-jvm-spring-3-restclient-nullable-return/**
-      - samples/client/others/kotlin-oneOf-anyOf-kotlinx-serialization*/**
-      - samples/client/others/kotlin-oneOf-discriminator-kotlinx-serialization*/**
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/kotlin*/**'
-      - 'samples/client/others/kotlin-jvm-okhttp-parameter-tests/**'
-      - samples/client/others/kotlin-integer-enum/**
-      - samples/client/others/kotlin-jvm-spring-3-restclient-nullable-return/**
-      - samples/client/others/kotlin-oneOf-anyOf-kotlinx-serialization*/**
-      - samples/client/others/kotlin-oneOf-discriminator-kotlinx-serialization*/**
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-kotlin-client.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Kotlin client
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # client
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-explicit
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-gson
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jackson
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jackson3
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-model-prefix-type-mappings
-          # needs Android configured
-          #- samples/client/petstore/kotlin-json-request-string
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-okhttp4-coroutines
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-moshi-codegen
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-multiplatform
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-multiplatform-kotlinx-datetime
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-multiplatform-allOf-discriminator
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-nonpublic
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-nullable
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-retrofit2
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-retrofit2-kotlinx_serialization
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-retrofit2-jackson
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-retrofit2-rx3
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-string
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-threetenbp
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-kotlinx-datetime
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-uppercase-enum
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-array-integer-enum
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-default-values-jvm-okhttp4
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-default-values-jvm-retrofit2
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-default-values-multiplatform
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-enum-integers-multiplatform
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-array-simple-string-jvm-okhttp4
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-array-simple-string-multiplatform
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-array-nullable-items
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-array-nullable-items-multiplatform
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-bigdecimal-default-multiplatform
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-bigdecimal-default-okhttp4
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-jackson
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-ktor-jackson
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-ktor-gson
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-ktor-kotlinx_serialization
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-vertx-gson
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-vertx-jackson
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-vertx-jackson-coroutines
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-vertx-moshi
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-spring-2-webclient
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-spring-3-webclient
-          - samples/client/echo_api/kotlin-jvm-spring-3-webclient
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-spring-3-restclient
-          - samples/client/echo_api/kotlin-jvm-spring-3-restclient
-          - samples/client/others/kotlin-jvm-spring-3-restclient-nullable-return
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-spring-4-restclient-jackson3
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-name-parameter-mappings
-          - samples/client/others/kotlin-jvm-okhttp-parameter-tests
-          - samples/client/others/kotlin-jvm-okhttp-path-comments
-          - samples/client/others/kotlin-integer-enum
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-allOf-discriminator-kotlinx-serialization
-          - samples/client/others/kotlin-oneOf-discriminator-kotlinx-serialization
-          - samples/client/others/kotlin-oneOf-anyOf-kotlinx-serialization
-          - samples/client/others/kotlin-oneOf-anyOf-kotlinx-serialization-nonPublicApi
-          - samples/client/others/kotlin-oneOf-anyOf-kotlinx-serialization-explicitApi
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-allOf-special-discriminator-kotlinx-serialization
-          - samples/client/petstore/kotlin-multiplatform-allOf-special-discriminator
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-kotlin-echo-api.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-kotlin-echo-api.yaml
index 95414440a8de..e0414cd62b3f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-kotlin-echo-api.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-kotlin-echo-api.yaml
@@ -1,26 +1,39 @@
 name: Kotlin Client (Echo API) JDK17
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/echo_api/kotlin**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/echo_api/kotlin**
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-kotlin-echo-api.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Kotlin Client JDK17
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/client/echo_api/kotlin-jvm-spring-3-restclient
-          - samples/client/echo_api/kotlin-model-prefix-type-mappings
-          - samples/client/echo_api/kotlin-jvm-okhttp
-          - samples/client/echo_api/kotlin-jvm-okhttp-multipart-json
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-kotlin-server-jdk17.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-kotlin-server-jdk17.yaml
index 2b91e53a0a34..0548c0120569 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-kotlin-server-jdk17.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-kotlin-server-jdk17.yaml
@@ -1,84 +1,42 @@
 name: Samples Kotlin server (jdk17)
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/server/others/kotlin-server/**'
-      - 'samples/server/others/kotlin-springboot/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-3*/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server-modelMutable/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-*/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server-required-and-nullable-properties/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin-spring-declarative*/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin-spring-sealed-interfaces/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-sort-validation/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-paged-model/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server/ktor-delegate-pattern/generated/**'
-      # comment out due to gradle build failure
-      # - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-spring-default/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/server/others/kotlin-server/**'
-      - 'samples/server/others/kotlin-springboot/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-3*/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server-modelMutable/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-*/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server-required-and-nullable-properties/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin-spring-declarative*/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin-spring-sealed-interfaces/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-sort-validation/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-paged-model/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server/ktor-delegate-pattern/generated/**'
-      # comment out due to gradle build failure
-      # - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-spring-default/**
 
 env:
   GRADLE_VERSION: '8.14'
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-kotlin-server-jdk17.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Kotlin server (jdk17)
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # server
-          - samples/server/others/kotlin-springboot/oneOf-discriminator
-          - samples/server/others/kotlin-springboot/oneOf-discriminator-const
-          - samples/server/others/kotlin-springboot/oneOf-enum-discriminator
-          - samples/server/others/kotlin-server/polymorphism-allof-and-discriminator
-          - samples/server/others/kotlin-server/polymorphism-and-discriminator-disabled-jackson-fix
-          - samples/server/others/kotlin-server/polymorphism-and-discriminator
-          - samples/server/others/kotlin-server/polymorphism
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server-required-and-nullable-properties
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-3
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-3-no-response-entity
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-additionalproperties
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-delegate-nodefaults
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-request-cookie
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-4
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server/jaxrs-spec
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server/jaxrs-spec-mutiny
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server/javalin
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server/javalin-6
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server/ktor
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server/ktor-delegate-pattern/generated
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server/ktor2
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server-modelMutable
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-misk
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-spring-declarative-interface
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-spring-declarative-interface-bean-validation
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-spring-declarative-interface-reactive-coroutines
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-spring-declarative-interface-reactive-reactor-wrapped
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-spring-declarative-interface-wrapped
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-spring-sealed-interfaces
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-sort-validation
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-paged-model
-          # comment out due to gradle build failure
-          # - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-spring-default/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-kotlin-server-jdk21.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-kotlin-server-jdk21.yaml
index 4e5ca0bea1a4..60cb30db0216 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-kotlin-server-jdk21.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-kotlin-server-jdk21.yaml
@@ -1,42 +1,42 @@
 name: Samples Kotlin server (jdk21)
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/server/others/kotlin-server/**'
-      - 'samples/server/others/kotlin-springboot/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server-required-and-nullable-properties/**'
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/server/others/kotlin-server/**'
-      - 'samples/server/others/kotlin-springboot/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server/**'
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server-required-and-nullable-properties/**'
 
 env:
   GRADLE_VERSION: '8.14'
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-kotlin-server-jdk21.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Kotlin server (jdk21)
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/server/others/kotlin-springboot/oneOf-discriminator
-          - samples/server/others/kotlin-springboot/oneOf-discriminator-const
-          - samples/server/others/kotlin-springboot/oneOf-enum-discriminator
-          - samples/server/others/kotlin-server/polymorphism-allof-and-discriminator
-          - samples/server/others/kotlin-server/polymorphism-and-discriminator-disabled-jackson-fix
-          - samples/server/others/kotlin-server/polymorphism-and-discriminator
-          - samples/server/others/kotlin-server/polymorphism
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server/javalin-6
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server/ktor
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server/ktor2
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server-required-and-nullable-properties
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-misk
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-kotlin-server.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-kotlin-server.yaml
index 4cf1b3354596..1d2c13803993 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-kotlin-server.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-kotlin-server.yaml
@@ -1,59 +1,42 @@
 name: Samples Kotlin server (jdk8)
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/others/kotlin-server/jaxrs-spec/**
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin*/**'
-      - 'samples/server/others/kotlin-server/jaxrs-spec-array-response/**'
-      # comment out due to gradle build failure
-      #- samples/server/petstore/kotlin-spring-default/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/others/kotlin-server/jaxrs-spec/**
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/kotlin*/**'
-      - 'samples/server/others/kotlin-server/jaxrs-spec-array-response/**'
-      # comment out due to gradle build failure
-      # - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-spring-default/**
 
 env:
   GRADLE_VERSION: 7.6.4
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-kotlin-server.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Kotlin server (jdk8)
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # server
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-no-response-entity
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-no-response-entity-delegate
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-multipart-request-model
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-bigdecimal-default
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-delegate
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-modelMutable
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-reactive
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-reactive-without-flow
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-source-swagger1
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-source-swagger2
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-x-kotlin-implements
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-include-http-request-context-delegate
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server/ktor2
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server/jaxrs-spec
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server/jaxrs-spec-mutiny
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server/javalin
-          - samples/server/others/kotlin-server/jaxrs-spec
-          - samples/server/others/kotlin-server/jaxrs-spec-array-response
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-spring-cloud
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-misk
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-misk-config
-          # comment out due to gradle build failure
-          #- samples/server/petstore/kotlin-spring-default
-          # no build.gradle file
-          #- samples/server/petstore/kotlin-vertx-modelMutable
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-kotlin-wiremock.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-kotlin-wiremock.yaml
index e69edc08caaa..88c28c183567 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-kotlin-wiremock.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-kotlin-wiremock.yaml
@@ -1,26 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Kotlin WireMock
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
     branches:
-      - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-wiremock*/**
-      - samples/server/echo_api/kotlin-wiremock/**
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-wiremock*/**
-      - samples/server/echo_api/kotlin-wiremock/**
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-kotlin-wiremock.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Kotlin WireMock
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-wiremock
-          - samples/server/petstore/kotlin-wiremock-responses
-          - samples/server/echo_api/kotlin-wiremock
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-ocaml.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-ocaml.yaml
index 678525ff7411..7b072ce8b882 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-ocaml.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-ocaml.yaml
@@ -1,37 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples OCaml
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/ocaml/**'
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/ocaml-fake-petstore/**'
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/ocaml-oneOf-primitive/**'
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/ocaml-additional-properties/**'
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/ocaml-enum-in-composed-schema/**'
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/ocaml-recursion-test/**'
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/ocaml/**'
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/ocaml-fake-petstore/**'
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/ocaml-oneOf-primitive/**'
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/ocaml-additional-properties/**'
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/ocaml-enum-in-composed-schema/**'
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/ocaml-recursion-test/**'
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-ocaml.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build OCaml
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - 'samples/client/petstore/ocaml/'
-          - 'samples/client/petstore/ocaml-fake-petstore/'
-          - 'samples/client/petstore/ocaml-oneOf-primitive/'
-          - 'samples/client/petstore/ocaml-additional-properties/'
-          - 'samples/client/petstore/ocaml-enum-in-composed-schema/'
-          - 'samples/client/petstore/ocaml-recursion-test/'
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - name: Set-up OCaml
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-php-client.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-php-client.yaml
index 08363157775e..e8817844a700 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-php-client.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-php-client.yaml
@@ -1,27 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples PHP clients
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/php/OpenAPIClient-php/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/php/OpenAPIClient-php/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-php-client.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build PHP projects
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        php:
-          - "8.1"
-          - "8.2"
-          - "8.3"
-          - "8.4"
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/client/petstore/php/OpenAPIClient-php/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     services:
       petstore-api:
         image: swaggerapi/petstore
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-php-nextgen-phpstan.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-php-nextgen-phpstan.yaml
index c9c76d04b91e..0165de58b4e2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-php-nextgen-phpstan.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-php-nextgen-phpstan.yaml
@@ -1,27 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples php-nextgen (phpstan)
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/php-nextgen/OpenAPIClient-php/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/php-nextgen/OpenAPIClient-php/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-php-nextgen-phpstan.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build 
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: true
-      matrix:
-        php:
-          - "8.1"
-          - "8.2"
-          - "8.3"
-          - "8.4"
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/client/petstore/php-nextgen/OpenAPIClient-php/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - name: Setup PHP with tools
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-php-server-syntax-check.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-php-server-syntax-check.yaml
index bb5f70b9d6f5..e6ba7bcda9f9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-php-server-syntax-check.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-php-server-syntax-check.yaml
@@ -1,42 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples PHP (Server) Syntax Checker
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/php-symfony/SymfonyBundle-php/**
-      #- samples/server/petstore/php-laravel/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/php-flight/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/php-mezzio-ph-modern/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/php-mezzio-ph/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/php-slim4/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/php-symfony/SymfonyBundle-php/**
-      #- samples/server/petstore/php-laravel/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/php-flight/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/php-mezzio-ph-modern/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/php-mezzio-ph/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/php-slim4/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-php-server-syntax-check.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build PHP projects
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        php:
-          - "8.1"
-          - "8.2"
-          - "8.3"
-          - "8.4"
-        sample:
-          # servers
-          - samples/server/petstore/php-symfony/SymfonyBundle-php/
-          #- samples/server/petstore/php-laravel/
-          - samples/server/petstore/php-flight/
-          - samples/server/petstore/php-mezzio-ph-modern/
-          - samples/server/petstore/php-mezzio-ph/
-          - samples/server/petstore/php-slim4/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - name: Setup PHP with tools
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-php-servers-phpstan.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-php-servers-phpstan.yaml
index 5e72d5fa59cc..3f97d56936a5 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-php-servers-phpstan.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-php-servers-phpstan.yaml
@@ -1,29 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples php-laravel 8.x
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/php-laravel/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/php-laravel-issue-21334/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/php-laravel/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/php-laravel-issue-21334/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-php-servers-phpstan.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build 
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        php:
-          - "8.3"
-          - "8.4"
-        sample:
-          # servers
-          # comment out due to errors
-          #- samples/server/petstore/php-laravel/
-          - samples/server/petstore/php-laravel-issue-21334/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - name: Setup PHP with tools
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-php-syntax-check.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-php-syntax-check.yaml
index 6fffac10ff02..719996be401e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-php-syntax-check.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-php-syntax-check.yaml
@@ -1,30 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples PHP Syntax Checker
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/php/OpenAPIClient-php/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/php-nextgen/OpenAPIClient-php/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/php/OpenAPIClient-php/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/php-nextgen/OpenAPIClient-php/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-php-syntax-check.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build PHP projects
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        php:
-          - "8.1"
-          - "8.2"
-          - "8.3"
-          - "8.4"
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/client/petstore/php/OpenAPIClient-php/
-          - samples/client/petstore/php-nextgen/OpenAPIClient-php/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - name: Setup PHP with tools
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-php8.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-php8.yaml
index 210180a9dc60..e8fa7a8333bc 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-php8.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-php8.yaml
@@ -1,30 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples PHP 8.x
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/php-symfony/SymfonyBundle-php/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/php-flight/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/php-symfony/SymfonyBundle-php/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/php-flight/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-php8.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build PHP projects
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        php:
-          - "8.1"
-          - "8.2"
-          - "8.3"
-          - "8.4"
-        sample:
-          # servers
-          - samples/server/petstore/php-symfony/SymfonyBundle-php/
-          - samples/server/petstore/php-flight/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - name: Setup PHP with tools
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-postman.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-postman.yaml
index ec744684e188..d68db1ba6524 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-postman.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-postman.yaml
@@ -1,23 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Postman
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/schema/postman-collection/python/**
-      - samples/schema/postman-collection/postman.json
-      - .github/workflows/samples-postman.yaml
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-postman.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Test Python client
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # schema
-          - samples/schema/postman-collection
-        python-version:
-          - "3.12"
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v7
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-powershell.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-powershell.yaml
index ea709deb9fb4..f1a954be06c8 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-powershell.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-powershell.yaml
@@ -1,20 +1,38 @@
 name: Samples PowerShell
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/powershell/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/powershell/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-powershell.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     name: Test Powershell Clients
     strategy:
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/client/petstore/powershell/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     services:
       petstore-api:
         image: swaggerapi/petstore
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-protobuf.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-protobuf.yaml
index 4f5d714f30c9..b5c86c48212e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-protobuf.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-protobuf.yaml
@@ -1,26 +1,38 @@
 name: Samples Protobuf
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - .github/workflows/samples-protobuf.yaml
-      - samples/config/petstore/protobuf-schema/**
-      - samples/config/petstore/protobuf-schema-config/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - .github/workflows/samples-protobuf.yaml
-      - samples/config/petstore/protobuf-schema/**
-      - samples/config/petstore/protobuf-schema-config/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-protobuf.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Protobuf Client
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - 'samples/config/petstore/protobuf-schema/'
-          - 'samples/config/petstore/protobuf-schema-config/'
-          - 'samples/config/petstore/protobuf-schema-config-complex/'
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - name: Install Protocol Buffers Compiler
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-python-client-echo-api.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-python-client-echo-api.yaml
index 8b1622881ffa..0ac7bc8c4e32 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-python-client-echo-api.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-python-client-echo-api.yaml
@@ -1,28 +1,39 @@
 name: Python Client (Echo API)
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/echo_api/python/**
-      - samples/client/echo_api/python-disallowAdditionalPropertiesIfNotPresent/**
-      - .github/workflows/samples-python-client-echo-api.yaml
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-python-client-echo-api.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Test Python client
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/client/echo_api/python
-          - samples/client/echo_api/python-disallowAdditionalPropertiesIfNotPresent
-        python-version:
-          - "3.10"
-          - "3.11"
-          - "3.12"
-          - "3.13"
-          - "3.14"
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v7
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-python-client-legacy-model-dictionaries.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-python-client-legacy-model-dictionaries.yaml
index e9c6acc8888a..5dacaaf9b654 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-python-client-legacy-model-dictionaries.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-python-client-legacy-model-dictionaries.yaml
@@ -1,24 +1,39 @@
 name: Python Client (Legacy Model Dictionaries)
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/others/python-legacy-model-dictionaries/**
-      - .github/workflows/samples-python-client-legacy-model-dictionaries.yaml
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-python-client-legacy-model-dictionaries.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Test Python client
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        python-version:
-          - "3.10"
-          - "3.11"
-          - "3.12"
-          - "3.13"
-          - "3.14"
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v7
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-python-fastapi-server.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-python-fastapi-server.yaml
index f99d5fbeffc9..5b3c701dafd0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-python-fastapi-server.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-python-fastapi-server.yaml
@@ -1,22 +1,39 @@
 name: Python FastAPI Server
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/python-fastapi/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/python-fastapi/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-python-fastapi-server.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Test Python FastAPI server
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # servers
-          - samples/server/petstore/python-fastapi/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v7
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-python-flask-connexion3-server.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-python-flask-connexion3-server.yaml
index f7e59e0ce438..ba2438ab1272 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-python-flask-connexion3-server.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-python-flask-connexion3-server.yaml
@@ -1,24 +1,39 @@
 name: Python Flask (Connexion 3) Server
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/python-flask-connexion3/**
-      - .github/workflows/samples-python-flask-connexion3-server.yaml
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/python-flask-connexion3/**
-      - .github/workflows/samples-python-flask-connexion3-server.yaml
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-python-flask-connexion3-server.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Test Python Flask (Connexion 3) server
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # servers
-          - samples/server/petstore/python-flask-connexion3/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v7
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-python-petstore.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-python-petstore.yaml
index ce60419236ee..eaa03f47e06c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-python-petstore.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-python-petstore.yaml
@@ -1,17 +1,42 @@
 name: "Python Client: Petstore"
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/python-aiohttp/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/python-httpx/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/python-httpx-sync/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/python/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/python-lazyImports/**
-      - .github/workflows/samples-python-petstore.yaml
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      validate_pyproject_toml_changed: ${{ steps.validate_pyproject_toml.outputs.has_changes }}
+      validate_pyproject_toml_matrix: ${{ steps.validate_pyproject_toml.outputs.matrix }}
+      validate_pyproject_toml_samples: ${{ steps.validate_pyproject_toml.outputs.samples }}
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: validate_pyproject_toml
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-python-petstore.validate-pyproject-toml
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE_PILOT || vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-python-petstore.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE_PILOT || vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   validate-pyproject-toml:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.validate_pyproject_toml_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Validate pyproject.toml
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
@@ -24,23 +49,13 @@ jobs:
       - name: Validate
         run: validate-pyproject samples/openapi3/client/petstore/python/pyproject.toml
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Test Python client
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        python-version:
-          - "3.10"
-          - "3.11"
-          - "3.12"
-          - "3.13"
-          - "3.14"
-        sample:
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/python-aiohttp
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/python-httpx
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/python-httpx-sync
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/python
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/python-lazyImports
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     services:
       petstore-api:
         image: swaggerapi/petstore
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-python-pydantic-v1-client-echo-api.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-python-pydantic-v1-client-echo-api.yaml
index fcdfab673f79..91f9892bb0b8 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-python-pydantic-v1-client-echo-api.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-python-pydantic-v1-client-echo-api.yaml
@@ -1,27 +1,39 @@
 name: Python Client pydantic v1 (Echo API)
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/echo_api/python-pydantic-v1/**
-      - .github/workflows/samples-python-pydantic-v1-client-echo-api.yaml
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-python-pydantic-v1-client-echo-api.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Test Python client
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/client/echo_api/python-pydantic-v1/
-        python-version:
-          - "3.10"
-          - "3.11"
-          - "3.12"
-          - "3.13"
-          #- "3.14"
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v7
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-python-pydantic-v1-petstore.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-python-pydantic-v1-petstore.yaml
index 2980de678d92..ce547671cc36 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-python-pydantic-v1-petstore.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-python-pydantic-v1-petstore.yaml
@@ -1,28 +1,39 @@
 name: "Python Client pydantic v1: Petstore"
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/python-pydantic-v1-aiohttp/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/python-pydantic-v1/**
-      - .github/workflows/samples-python-pydantic-v1-petstore.yaml
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-python-pydantic-v1-petstore.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Test Python client
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        python-version:
-          - "3.10"
-          - "3.11"
-          - "3.12"
-          - "3.13"
-          - "3.14"
-        sample:
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/python-pydantic-v1-aiohttp
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/python-pydantic-v1
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     services:
       petstore-api:
         image: swaggerapi/petstore
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-python-server.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-python-server.yaml
index b04f7317000a..68a57aec379e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-python-server.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-python-server.yaml
@@ -1,22 +1,39 @@
 name: Python Server
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/python-aiohttp-srclayout/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/python-aiohttp-srclayout/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-python-server.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Test Python server
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # servers
-          - samples/server/petstore/python-aiohttp-srclayout/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v7
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-r.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-r.yaml
index 5a17841aa474..322f850ece5c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-r.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-r.yaml
@@ -1,28 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples R clients
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/R/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/R-httr2/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/R-httr2-wrapper/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/R/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/R-httr2/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/R-httr2-wrapper/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-r.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build R projects
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/client/petstore/R/
-          - samples/client/petstore/R-httr2/
-          - samples/client/petstore/R-httr2-wrapper/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     services:
       petstore-api:
         image: swaggerapi/petstore
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-ruby-nextgen.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-ruby-nextgen.yaml
index 3379d6122ca7..a2042d24fede 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-ruby-nextgen.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-ruby-nextgen.yaml
@@ -1,27 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples ruby-nextgen
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/ruby-nextgen/**'
-      - 'samples/client/others/ruby-nextgen-qdrant/**'
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/ruby-nextgen/**'
-      - 'samples/client/others/ruby-nextgen-qdrant/**'
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-ruby-nextgen.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/client/petstore/ruby-nextgen
-        ruby-version:
-          - '3.0'
-          - '3.3'
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-ruby.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-ruby.yaml
index 6de84d0241dc..30afc125e1f3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-ruby.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-ruby.yaml
@@ -1,28 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Ruby 
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/client/echo_api/ruby-httpx/**'
-      - 'samples/client/echo_api/ruby-faraday/**'
-      - 'samples/client/echo_api/ruby-typhoeus/**'
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/client/echo_api/ruby-httpx/**'
-      - 'samples/client/echo_api/ruby-faraday/**'
-      - 'samples/client/echo_api/ruby-typhoeus/**'
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-ruby.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Ruby
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - 'samples/client/echo_api/ruby-httpx/'
-          - 'samples/client/echo_api/ruby-faraday/'
-          - 'samples/client/echo_api/ruby-typhoeus/'
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - name: Setup node.js
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-rust-client.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-rust-client.yaml
index 040e9c1cc726..fa2914324527 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-rust-client.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-rust-client.yaml
@@ -1,17 +1,34 @@
 name: Samples Rust Clients
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - "samples/client/others/rust/**"
-      - "samples/client/petstore/rust-server/**"
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - "samples/client/others/rust/**"
-      - "samples/client/petstore/rust/**"
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-rust-client.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Rust
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     services:
@@ -24,11 +41,7 @@ jobs:
           SWAGGER_BASE_PATH: /v2
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # these folders contain sub-projects of rust clients, servers
-          - samples/client/others/rust/
-          - samples/client/petstore/rust/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-rust-server.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-rust-server.yaml
index 9494b1626461..d59f177e4ad6 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-rust-server.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-rust-server.yaml
@@ -1,29 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Rust Servers
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - "samples/server/petstore/rust-server/**"
-      - "samples/server/petstore/rust-axum/**"
-      - "samples/server/petstore/rust-salvo/**"
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - "samples/server/petstore/rust-server/**"
-      - "samples/server/petstore/rust-axum/**"
-      - "samples/server/petstore/rust-salvo/**"
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-rust-server.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Rust
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # these folders contain sub-projects of rust clients, servers
-          - samples/server/petstore/rust-server/
-          - samples/server/petstore/rust-axum/
-          - samples/server/petstore/rust-salvo/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-scala-client.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-scala-client.yaml
index 81bcd849c999..14623e081866 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-scala-client.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-scala-client.yaml
@@ -1,46 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Scala/sbt client
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/scalaz/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/scala-pekko/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/scala-http4s/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/scala-sttp4-jsoniter/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/scala-akka/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/scala-sttp/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/scala-sttp-circe/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/scala-sttp4/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/scala-sttp4-circe/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/scalaz/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/scala-pekko/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/scala-http4s/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/scala-sttp4-jsoniter/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/scala-akka/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/scala-sttp/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/scala-sttp-circe/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/scala-sttp4/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/scala-sttp4-circe/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-scala-client.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build sbt/Scala
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/client/petstore/scalaz
-          - samples/client/petstore/scala-pekko
-          - samples/client/petstore/scala-http4s
-          - samples/client/petstore/scala-sttp4-jsoniter
-          - samples/client/petstore/scala-akka
-          - samples/client/petstore/scala-sttp
-          - samples/client/petstore/scala-sttp-circe
-          - samples/client/petstore/scala-sttp4
-          - samples/client/petstore/scala-sttp4-circe
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     services:
       petstore-api:
         image: swaggerapi/petstore
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-scala-server.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-scala-server.yaml
index 303ab8378a08..f0a5ed218949 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-scala-server.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-scala-server.yaml
@@ -1,27 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Scala/sbt server
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/scala**'
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/scala**'
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-scala-server.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build sbt/Scala
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # servers
-          - samples/server/petstore/scala-play-server
-          - samples/server/petstore/scala-akka-http-server
-          - samples/server/petstore/scala-pekko-http-server
-          - samples/server/petstore/scalatra
-          - samples/server/petstore/scala-http4s-server
-          - samples/server/petstore/scala-cask
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-spring-jdk11.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-spring-jdk11.yaml
index 1d5e37c23b3a..d86db3aaf7d0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-spring-jdk11.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-spring-jdk11.yaml
@@ -1,27 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Java Spring (JDK11)
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      # servers
-      - samples/server/petstore/springboot-implicitHeaders/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/springboot-implicitHeaders-annotationLibrary/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      # servers
-      - samples/server/petstore/springboot-implicitHeaders/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/springboot-implicitHeaders-annotationLibrary/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-spring-jdk11.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build 
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # servers
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-implicitHeaders
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-implicitHeaders-annotationLibrary
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-spring-jdk17.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-spring-jdk17.yaml
index 359a0a59fe9c..5b3d9f0ef78b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-spring-jdk17.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-spring-jdk17.yaml
@@ -1,77 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Java Spring (JDK17)
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/spring-cloud-3-with-optional/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/spring-cloud-4-with-optional/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-springboot-4/**
-      - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-3/**
-      - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-4/**
-      - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-4-jspecify/**
-      - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-4-jspecify-openapiNullable/**
-      - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-4-jspecify-useOptional/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/springboot-api-response-examples/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/springboot-lombok-data/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/springboot-lombok-tostring/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/springboot-file-delegate-optional/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/springboot-petstore-with-api-response-examples/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/springboot-sort-validation/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/springboot-paged-model/**
-      - samples/server/others/springboot-pre-authorize/**
-      - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/spring-boot-oneof-sealed/**
-      - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/spring-boot-oneof-interface/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-oauth/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/spring-cloud-3-with-optional/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/spring-cloud-4-with-optional/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-springboot-4/**
-      - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-3/**
-      - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-4/**
-      - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-4-jspecify/**
-      - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-4-jspecify-openapiNullable/**
-      - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-4-jspecify-useOptional/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/springboot-api-response-examples/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/springboot-lombok-data/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/springboot-lombok-tostring/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/springboot-file-delegate-optional/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/springboot-petstore-with-api-response-examples/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/springboot-sort-validation/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/springboot-paged-model/**
-      - samples/server/others/springboot-pre-authorize/**
-      - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/spring-boot-oneof-sealed/**
-      - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/spring-boot-oneof-interface/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-oauth/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-spring-jdk17.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Java Spring (JDK17)
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/spring-cloud-3-with-optional
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/spring-cloud-4-with-optional
-          - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-springboot-4
-          # servers
-          - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-3
-          - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-4
-          - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-4-jspecify
-          - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-4-jspecify-openapiNullable
-          - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-4-jspecify-useOptional
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-api-response-examples
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-lombok-data
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-lombok-tostring
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-file-delegate-optional
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-petstore-with-api-response-examples
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-sort-validation
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-paged-model
-          - samples/server/others/springboot-pre-authorize
-          - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/spring-boot-oneof-sealed
-          - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/spring-boot-oneof-interface
-          - samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-oauth
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-spring.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-spring.yaml
index dce1cda28586..8205e26d87e3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-spring.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-spring.yaml
@@ -1,67 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Java Spring
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      # clients
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/spring*/**'
-      # servers
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/spring*/**'
-      - 'samples/openapi3/server/petstore/spring*/**'
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      # clients
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/spring*/**'
-      # servers
-      - 'samples/server/petstore/spring*/**'
-      - 'samples/openapi3/server/petstore/spring*/**'
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-spring.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE_PILOT || vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Java Spring
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/client/petstore/spring-cloud
-          - samples/client/petstore/spring-cloud-auth
-          - samples/client/petstore/spring-cloud-date-time
-          - samples/client/petstore/spring-cloud-deprecated
-          - samples/client/petstore/spring-cloud-tags
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/spring-cloud
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/spring-cloud-async
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/spring-cloud-date-time
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/spring-cloud-http-basic
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/spring-cloud-spring-pageable
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/spring-stubs
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/spring-stubs-skip-default-interface
-          # servers
-          - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot
-          - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-implicitHeaders
-          - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-delegate
-          - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/spring-boot-oneof
-          - samples/server/petstore/spring-boot-nullable-set
-          - samples/server/petstore/spring-boot-defaultInterface-unhandledExcp
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-include-http-request-context
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-beanvalidation
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-builtin-validation
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-delegate
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-delegate-no-response-entity
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-implicitHeaders
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-implicitHeaders-annotationLibrary
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-lombok-data
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-reactive
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-reactive-noResponseEntity
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-spring-pageable-delegatePattern-without-j8
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-spring-pageable-delegatePattern
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-spring-pageable-without-j8
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-spring-pageable
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-spring-provide-args
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-useoptional
-          - samples/server/petstore/springboot-virtualan
-          - samples/openapi3/server/petstore/spring-boot-oneof-interface
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v6.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-swift5.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-swift5.yaml
index cc5e1181bbb7..4df5ff9f17e9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-swift5.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-swift5.yaml
@@ -1,36 +1,37 @@
 name: Samples Swift 5
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/swift5/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/swift5/**
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-swift5.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE_PILOT || vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        os: [macos-latest]
-        sample:
-          - samples/client/petstore/swift5/alamofireLibrary
-          - samples/client/petstore/swift5/asyncAwaitLibrary
-          - samples/client/petstore/swift5/combineLibrary
-          - samples/client/petstore/swift5/default
-          - samples/client/petstore/swift5/objcCompatible
-          - samples/client/petstore/swift5/oneOf
-          - samples/client/petstore/swift5/promisekitLibrary
-          - samples/client/petstore/swift5/resultLibrary
-          - samples/client/petstore/swift5/rxswiftLibrary
-          - samples/client/petstore/swift5/urlsessionLibrary
-          - samples/client/petstore/swift5/validation
-          # NOTE: disabled as vaporLibrary doesnt build when adding this CI config
-          #- samples/client/petstore/swift5/vaporLibrary
-        include:
-        - os: ubuntu-latest
-          sample: samples/client/petstore/swift5/alamofireLibrary
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     name: Build Swift samples
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-terraform.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-terraform.yaml
index 59114bdccdf9..7171888ece13 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-terraform.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-terraform.yaml
@@ -1,33 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Terraform
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/terraform/**'
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/terraform-addpet/**'
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/terraform-server/**'
-      - 'samples/client/others/terraform/**'
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/terraform/**'
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/terraform-addpet/**'
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/terraform-server/**'
-      - 'samples/client/others/terraform/**'
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-terraform.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build Terraform Provider
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/client/petstore/terraform/
-          - samples/client/petstore/terraform-addpet/
-          - samples/client/petstore/terraform-server/
-          - samples/client/others/terraform/allof-discriminator/
-          - samples/client/others/terraform/oneof-anyof-required/
-          - samples/client/others/terraform/oneof-discriminator-lookup/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v7
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-axios-echo-api.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-axios-echo-api.yaml
index 7c8acb351fac..2e5ac8f7a6dd 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-axios-echo-api.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-axios-echo-api.yaml
@@ -1,24 +1,39 @@
 name: TypeScript Axios Client (Echo API)
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/echo_api/typescript-axios/**
-      - .github/workflows/samples-typescript-axios-echo-api.yaml
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-typescript-axios-echo-api.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Test TypeScript Axios client
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/client/echo_api/typescript-axios/test
-        node-version:
-          - 16
-          - 18
-          - 20
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-client.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-client.yaml
index 81d299792780..c27623a43f0a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-client.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-client.yaml
@@ -1,64 +1,34 @@
 name: Samples TS clients
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/others/typescript-angular/**
-      - samples/client/others/typescript-angular-v20/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/typescript-angular-v18-provided-in-root/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/typescript-angular-v19-provided-in-root/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/typescript-angular-v20-provided-in-root/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/typescript-angular-v21-provided-in-root/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/typescript-angular-v22-provided-in-root/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/builds/default/**
-      # comment out due to build failure
-      #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/tests/default/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/builds/jquery/**
-      # comment out due to build failure
-      #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/tests/jquery/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/builds/object_params/**
-      # comment out due to build failure
-      #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/tests/object_params/**
-      #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/builds/inversify/**
-      #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/tests/inversify/**
-      #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/tests/deno/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/builds/browser/**
-      # comment out due to build failure
-      #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/tests/browser/**
-      #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/builds/nullable-enum/**
-      # comment out due to build failure
-      #- samples/client/petstore/typescript-node/npm/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/typescript-rxjs/builds/with-npm-version/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/typescript-axios/builds/with-npm-version/**
-      # comment out due to build failure
-      #- samples/client/petstore/typescript-axios/tests/default/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/others/typescript-angular/**
-      - samples/client/others/typescript-angular-v20/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/typescript-angular-v18-provided-in-root/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/typescript-angular-v19-provided-in-root/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/typescript-angular-v20-provided-in-root/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/typescript-angular-v21-provided-in-root/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/typescript-angular-v22-provided-in-root/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/builds/default/**
-      #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/tests/default/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/builds/jquery/**
-      #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/tests/jquery/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/builds/object_params/**
-      #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/tests/object_params/**
-      #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/builds/inversify/**
-      #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/tests/inversify/**
-      #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/tests/deno/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/builds/browser/**
-      #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/tests/browser/**
-      #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/builds/nullable-enum/**
-      #- samples/client/petstore/typescript-node/npm/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/typescript-rxjs/builds/with-npm-version/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/typescript-axios/builds/with-npm-version/**
-      #- samples/client/petstore/typescript-axios/tests/default/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-typescript-client.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build projects
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     services:
@@ -71,34 +41,7 @@ jobs:
           SWAGGER_BASE_PATH: /v2
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        node:
-          #- "18.x"
-          - "22.x"
-        sample:
-          - samples/client/others/typescript-angular/
-          - samples/client/others/typescript-angular-v20/
-          - samples/client/petstore/typescript-angular-v18-provided-in-root/
-          - samples/client/petstore/typescript-angular-v19-provided-in-root/
-          - samples/client/petstore/typescript-angular-v20-provided-in-root/
-          - samples/client/petstore/typescript-angular-v21-provided-in-root/
-          - samples/client/petstore/typescript-angular-v22-provided-in-root/
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/builds/default/
-          #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/tests/default/
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/builds/jquery/
-          #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/tests/jquery/
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/builds/object_params/
-          #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/tests/object_params/
-          #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/builds/inversify/
-          #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/tests/inversify/
-          #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/tests/deno/
-          - samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/builds/browser/
-          #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/tests/browser/
-          #- samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/builds/nullable-enum/
-          #- samples/client/petstore/typescript-node/npm/
-          - samples/client/petstore/typescript-rxjs/builds/with-npm-version/
-          - samples/client/petstore/typescript-axios/builds/with-npm-version/
-          #- samples/client/petstore/typescript-axios/tests/default/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - name: Add hosts to /etc/hosts
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-encode-decode.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-encode-decode.yaml
index 1bd5c3aaf181..3e8c4c5b591a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-encode-decode.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-encode-decode.yaml
@@ -1,24 +1,39 @@
 name: TypeScript Client (Encoding / Decoding Test)
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/others/typescript/encode-decode/**
-      - .github/workflows/samples-typescript-encode-decode.yaml
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-typescript-encode-decode.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Test TypeScript Encoding / Decoding
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/client/others/typescript/encode-decode/test
-        node-version:
-          - 20
-          - 22
-          - 24
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-fetch-client.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-fetch-client.yaml
index d9b77dc9b461..ff0416fa227a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-fetch-client.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-fetch-client.yaml
@@ -1,20 +1,34 @@
 name: Samples TS clients
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/typescript-fetch/builds/default/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/typescript-fetch/builds/es6-target/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/typescript-fetch/builds/with-npm-version/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/typescript-fetch/tests/default/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/typescript-fetch/builds/default/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/typescript-fetch/builds/es6-target/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/typescript-fetch/builds/with-npm-version/**
-      - samples/client/petstore/typescript-fetch/tests/default/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-typescript-fetch-client.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build projects
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     services:
@@ -27,15 +41,7 @@ jobs:
           SWAGGER_BASE_PATH: /v2
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        node:
-          #- "18.x"
-          - "20.x"
-        sample:
-          - samples/client/petstore/typescript-fetch/builds/default/
-          - samples/client/petstore/typescript-fetch/builds/es6-target/
-          - samples/client/petstore/typescript-fetch/builds/with-npm-version/
-          - samples/client/petstore/typescript-fetch/tests/default/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - name: Add hosts to /etc/hosts
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-nestjs-server.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-nestjs-server.yaml
index 76efafa9e847..9d663377531f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-nestjs-server.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-nestjs-server.yaml
@@ -1,24 +1,39 @@
 name: TypeScript NestJS Server
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/typescript-nestjs-server/**
-      - .github/workflows/samples-typescript-nestjs-server.yaml
-      - .github/workflows/samples-typescript-nestjs-server-parameters.yaml
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-typescript-nestjs-server.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Test TypeScript NestJS Server
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/server/petstore/typescript-nestjs-server
-        node-version:
-          - 20
-          - 22
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-node-encode-decode.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-node-encode-decode.yaml
index 7b7e3e7513fc..684b690158b9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-node-encode-decode.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-node-encode-decode.yaml
@@ -1,24 +1,39 @@
 name: TypeScript Node Client (Encoding / Decoding Test)
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/others/typescript-node/encode-decode/**
-      - .github/workflows/samples-typescript-node-encode-decode.yaml
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-typescript-node-encode-decode.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Test TypeScript Node Encoding / Decoding
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          # clients
-          - samples/client/others/typescript-node/encode-decode/test
-        node-version:
-          - 16
-          - 18
-          - 20
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-server.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-server.yaml
index be5dec981fd9..af6f50095c27 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-server.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-server.yaml
@@ -1,24 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples TS servers
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/typescript-nestjs-server/**
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/server/petstore/typescript-nestjs-server/**
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-typescript-server.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Build projects
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        node:
-          - "18.x"
-          - "20.x"
-        sample:
-          - samples/server/petstore/typescript-nestjs-server/
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - name: Use Node.js 20.x
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-typecheck.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-typecheck.yaml
index e91ba3515c1f..1a0af0948368 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-typecheck.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-typescript-typecheck.yaml
@@ -1,35 +1,39 @@
 name: TypeScript clients type checks
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
     branches:
-      - master
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/typescript*/**
-      - samples/client/others/typescript*/**
-      - samples/client/echo_api/typescript*/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore*/typescript/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/typescript-nestjs-server/**
-      - bin/ts-typecheck-all.sh
-      - .github/workflows/samples-typescript-typecheck.yaml
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - samples/client/petstore/typescript*/**
-      - samples/client/others/typescript*/**
-      - samples/client/echo_api/typescript*/**
-      - samples/openapi3/client/petstore*/typescript/**
-      - samples/server/petstore/typescript-nestjs-server/**
-      - bin/ts-typecheck-all.sh
-      - .github/workflows/samples-typescript-typecheck.yaml
+
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+      build_samples: ${{ steps.build.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-typescript-typecheck.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Typecheck TypeScript samples
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        node-version:
-          - 20
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
 
@@ -38,4 +42,6 @@ jobs:
           node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}
 
       - name: Run type checker
-        run: ./bin/ts-typecheck-all.sh
+        env:
+          SELECTED_SAMPLES: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_samples }}
+        run: ./bin/ts-typecheck-all.sh --samples-json "$SELECTED_SAMPLES"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples-zapier.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples-zapier.yaml
index dfa201f8f5f1..5a0bed911858 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples-zapier.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples-zapier.yaml
@@ -1,22 +1,39 @@
 name: Samples Zapier
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
     branches:
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/zapier/**'
+      - 'master'
+      - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
   pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - 'samples/client/petstore/zapier/**'
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select affected samples
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      validate_changed: ${{ steps.validate.outputs.has_changes }}
+      validate_matrix: ${{ steps.validate.outputs.matrix }}
+      validate_samples: ${{ steps.validate.outputs.samples }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - id: validate
+        uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-zapier.validate
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   validate:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.validate_changed == 'true' }}
     name: Test zapier generation
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        sample:
-          - samples/client/petstore/zapier
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.validate_matrix) }}
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v7
     - name: Setup node
diff --git a/.github/workflows/windows.yaml b/.github/workflows/windows.yaml
index eaf5d7d43b64..a00694f5751c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/windows.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/windows.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 name: Windows tests
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
     branches:
       - master
@@ -11,8 +12,27 @@ on:
       - '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x'
 
 jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Select changes
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    outputs:
+      build_changed: ${{ steps.build.outputs.has_changes }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        id: build
+        with:
+          suite: windows.build
+          mode: ${{ vars.CI_SELECTION_MODE || 'shadow' }}
+
   build:
     name: Build
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true'
     runs-on: windows-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
diff --git a/CI/change-scopes.json b/CI/change-scopes.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ee5f55333139
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CI/change-scopes.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3506 @@
+{
+  "version": 1,
+  "suites": {
+    "gradle-test.build": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/gradle-test.yaml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/openapi3/client/extensions/x-auth-id-alias/java/jersey2-java8",
+          "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8-special-characters",
+          "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8-localdatetime",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson-group-parameter",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-swagger2",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/native",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/native-jakarta"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/client/petstore/java/**",
+        "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-aspnet-fastenpoints-server.build": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-aspnet-fastenpoints-server.yaml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/server/petstore/aspnet/fastendpoints",
+          "samples/server/petstore/aspnet/fastendpoints-useApiVersioning",
+          "samples/server/petstore/aspnet/fastendpoints-useAuthentication",
+          "samples/server/petstore/aspnet/fastendpoints-useProblemDetails",
+          "samples/server/petstore/aspnet/fastendpoints-useRecords",
+          "samples/server/petstore/aspnet/fastendpoints-useResponseCaching",
+          "samples/server/petstore/aspnet/fastendpoints-useValidators"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/server/petstore/aspnet/fastendpoints/**",
+        "samples/server/petstore/aspnet/fastendpoints-*/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-c-libcurl-client.build": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-c-libcurl-client.yaml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/client/petstore/c/",
+          "samples/client/petstore/c-useJsonUnformatted/",
+          "samples/client/others/c/bearerAuth/"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/client/petstore/c/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/c-useJsonUnformatted/**",
+        "samples/client/others/c/bearerAuth/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-clojure.build": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-clojure.yaml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/client/petstore/clojure/"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/client/petstore/clojure/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-cpp-httplib-server.build": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-cpp-httplib-server.yaml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/server/petstore/cpp-httplib-server/petstore",
+          "samples/server/petstore/cpp-httplib-server/feature-test"
+        ],
+        "os": [
+          "ubuntu-latest",
+          "macOS-latest",
+          "windows-latest"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/server/petstore/cpp-httplib-server/**",
+        ".github/workflows/samples-cpp-httplib-server.yaml"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-cpp-oatpp-client.build": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-cpp-oatpp-client.yaml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/client/petstore/cpp-oatpp"
+        ],
+        "os": [
+          "ubuntu-latest",
+          "macOS-latest",
+          "windows-latest"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/client/petstore/cpp-oatpp/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-cpp-oatpp-server.build": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-cpp-oatpp-server.yaml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/server/petstore/cpp-oatpp"
+        ],
+        "os": [
+          "ubuntu-latest",
+          "macOS-latest",
+          "windows-latest"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/server/petstore/cpp-oatpp/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-cpp-qt-client.build": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-cpp-qt-client.yaml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/client/petstore/cpp-qt",
+          "samples/client/petstore/cpp-qt-addDownloadProgress"
+        ],
+        "os": [
+          "ubuntu-latest",
+          "macOS-latest",
+          "windows-latest"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/client/petstore/cpp-qt*/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-crystal.build": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-crystal.yaml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/client/petstore/crystal/"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/client/petstore/crystal/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-dart-build-test.test": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-dart-build-test.yaml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "os": [
+          "ubuntu-latest",
+          "windows-latest"
+        ],
+        "sdk": [
+          "3.9.0"
+        ],
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/petstore_client_lib_fake/",
+          "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/oneof/",
+          "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/anyof/",
+          "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/oneof_polymorphism_and_inheritance/",
+          "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/binary_response/",
+          "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/petstore-timemachine/"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/petstore_client_lib_fake/**",
+        "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/oneof/**",
+        "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/anyof/**",
+        "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/oneof_polymorphism_and_inheritance/**",
+        "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/binary_response/**",
+        "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart-dio/petstore-timemachine/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-dart.tests-dart": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-dart.yaml",
+      "paths": [
+        "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart*/**"
+      ],
+      "shared_paths": [
+        "pom.xml",
+        ".mvn/**",
+        "mvnw",
+        "mvnw.cmd",
+        "CI/settings.xml",
+        "modules/**",
+        ".github/actions/run-samples/**",
+        "samples/pom.xml"
+      ],
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/dart*/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-dotnet-fx.build": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-dotnet-fx.yaml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.7/AllOf",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.7/AnyOf",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.7/AnyOfNoCompare",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.7/FormModels",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.7/OneOf",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.7/Petstore",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.7/UseDateTimeForDate",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.8/AllOf",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.8/AnyOf",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.8/AnyOfNoCompare",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.8/FormModels",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.8/OneOf",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.8/Petstore",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.8/UseDateTimeForDate"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.7/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net4.8/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-dotnet-petstore-net10.build": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-dotnet-petstore-net10.yml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net10/Petstore/"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net10/Petstore/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-dotnet-petstore.build": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-dotnet-petstore.yml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/standard2.0/Petstore/"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/standard2.0/Petstore/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-dotnet-standard.build": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-dotnet-standard.yaml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/standard2.0/Petstore/",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/httpclient/standard2.0/Petstore/",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/standard2.0/Petstore/",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/standard2.0/ConditionalSerialization/"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/standard2.0/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/csharp/httpclient/standard2.0/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/standard2.0/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/csharp/unityWebRequest/standard2.0/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-dotnet10.build": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-dotnet10.yaml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/latest/AnnotatedEnum",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/latest/ComposedEnum",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/latest/InlineEnumAnyOf",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/latest/Tags",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/latest/HelloWorld",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/latest/NullTypes",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/latest/OneOfList",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/latest/UseDateTimeOffset",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net10/AllOf",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net10/AnyOf",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net10/AnyOfNoCompare",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net10/FormModels",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net10/NullReferenceTypes",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net10/OneOf",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net10/Petstore",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net10/SourceGeneration",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net10/UseDateTimeForDate",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net10/EnumMappings",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/httpclient/net10/Petstore",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/httpclient/net10/Petstore-nonPublicApi"
+        ]
+      },
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+        "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/latest/**",
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+        "samples/client/petstore/csharp/httpclient/net10/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net10/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/csharp/unityWebRequest/net10/**"
+      ]
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+          "samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-6.0-pocoModels",
+          "samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-6.0-project4Models",
+          "samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-6.0-useSwashBuckle"
+        ]
+      },
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+        "samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-6.0-*/**"
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+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net4.8/Petstore/",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/ParameterMappings/",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/EnumMappings/",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/Petstore/",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/UseDateTimeForDate/",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/standard2.0/ConditionalSerialization/"
+        ]
+      },
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+        "samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net4.7/Petstore/**",
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+        "samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/ParameterMappings/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/EnumMappings/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/Petstore/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/UseDateTimeForDate/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/standard2.0/ConditionalSerialization/**"
+      ]
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+        ]
+      },
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+          "samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-8.0-pocoModels",
+          "samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-8.0-project4Models",
+          "samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-8.0-useSwashBuckle",
+          "samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-8.0-use-centralized-package-version-management"
+        ]
+      },
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+        "samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-8.0/**",
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+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net8/FormModels",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net8/ManualPetstoreTests",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net8/ManualSourceGenerationTests",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net8/NullReferenceTypes",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net8/OneOf",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net8/Petstore",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net8/SourceGeneration",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net8/UseDateTimeForDate"
+        ]
+      },
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+        "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net8/**",
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+        "samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net8/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/csharp/unityWebRequest/net8/**"
+      ]
+    },
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+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net9/FormModels",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net9/NullReferenceTypes",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net9/OneOf",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net9/Petstore",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net9/SourceGeneration",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net9/UseDateTimeForDate",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net9/EnumMappings",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/httpclient/net9/Petstore",
+          "samples/client/petstore/csharp/httpclient/net9/Petstore-nonPublicApi"
+        ]
+      },
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+        "samples/client/petstore/csharp/generichost/net9/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/csharp/httpclient/net9/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/csharp/restsharp/net9/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/csharp/unityWebRequest/net9/**"
+      ]
+    },
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+        ],
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+        ],
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+          "samples/client/petstore/elixir-req/"
+        ]
+      },
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+        "samples/client/petstore/elixir/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/elixir-req/**"
+      ]
+    },
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+      "matrix": {
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+          "samples/client/petstore/elm",
+          "samples/openapi3/client/elm"
+        ]
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+        ".github/workflows/samples-elm.yaml",
+        "samples/client/petstore/elm/**",
+        "samples/openapi3/client/elm/**"
+      ]
+    },
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+      "matrix": {
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+          "samples/server/echo_api/erlang-server/",
+          "samples/server/petstore/erlang-server/",
+          "samples/client/petstore/erlang-client/",
+          "samples/client/petstore/erlang-proper/"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/server/echo_api/erlang-server/**",
+        "samples/server/petstore/erlang-server/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/erlang-client/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/erlang-proper/**"
+      ]
+    },
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+          "samples/client/echo_api/go"
+        ]
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+        ".github/workflows/samples-go-client-echo-api.yaml"
+      ]
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+          "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/go/"
+        ]
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+        "samples/client/petstore/go/**",
+        "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/go/**"
+      ]
+    },
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+          "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/go-petstore-withXml/",
+          "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/go-petstore-generateMarshalJSON-false/",
+          "samples/client/others/go/allof_multiple_ref_and_discriminator/",
+          "samples/client/others/go/oneof-anyof-required/",
+          "samples/client/others/go/oneof-discriminator-lookup/",
+          "samples/client/others/go/issue_20079_go_regex_wrongly_translated/"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/go/go-petstore-aws-signature/**",
+        "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/go-petstore-withXml/**",
+        "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/go-petstore-generateMarshalJSON-false/**",
+        "samples/client/others/go/allof_multiple_ref_and_discriminator/**",
+        "samples/client/others/go/oneof-anyof-required/**",
+        "samples/client/others/go/oneof-discriminator-lookup/**",
+        "samples/client/others/go/issue_20079_go_regex_wrongly_translated/**"
+      ]
+    },
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+          "samples/server/petstore/go-gin-api-server-interface-only/"
+        ]
+      },
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+        "samples/server/petstore/go-gin-api-server/**",
+        "samples/server/petstore/go-gin-api-server-interface-only/**"
+      ]
+    },
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+          "samples/server/others/go-server/no-body-path-params/",
+          "samples/server/others/go-server/optional-body/",
+          "samples/server/others/go-server/required-zero-value/"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/server/petstore/go-echo-server/**",
+        "samples/server/petstore/go-api-server/**",
+        "samples/server/petstore/go-chi-server/**",
+        "samples/server/others/go-server/**"
+      ]
+    },
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+        "samples/server/petstore/go-api-server/**",
+        "samples/server/petstore/go-chi-server/**",
+        "samples/server/others/go-server/**"
+      ]
+    },
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+          "samples/client/petstore/groovy"
+        ]
+      },
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+        "samples/client/petstore/groovy**"
+      ]
+    },
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+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-haskell.yaml",
+      "matrix": {
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+          "samples/server/petstore/haskell-yesod/",
+          "samples/server/petstore/haskell-servant/",
+          "samples/server/others/haskell-servant-ping/",
+          "samples/client/petstore/haskell-http-client/"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/server/petstore/haskell-yesod/**",
+        "samples/server/petstore/haskell-servant/**",
+        "samples/server/others/haskell-servant-ping/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/haskell-http-client/**"
+      ]
+    },
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+          "samples/client/echo_api/java/apache-httpclient",
+          "samples/client/echo_api/java/native",
+          "samples/client/echo_api/java/feign-gson",
+          "samples/client/echo_api/java/resttemplate",
+          "samples/client/echo_api/java/resteasy"
+        ]
+      },
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+        "pom.xml",
+        ".mvn/**",
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+        "mvnw.cmd",
+        "CI/settings.xml"
+      ],
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+        "samples/client/echo_api/java/**"
+      ]
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+          "samples/client/echo_api/java/resttemplate",
+          "samples/client/echo_api/java/resteasy",
+          "samples/client/echo_api/java/restclient"
+        ]
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+      ],
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+        "samples/client/echo_api/java/**"
+      ]
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+          "samples/client/echo_api/java/resttemplate",
+          "samples/client/echo_api/java/resteasy"
+        ]
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+        "samples/client/echo_api/java/resteasy/**"
+      ]
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+          "samples/client/petstore/jaxrs-cxf-client",
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+          "samples/client/petstore/java/native-async",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/native-jakarta",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/native-useGzipFeature",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/retrofit2",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/retrofit2rx2",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/retrofit2rx3",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/retrofit2-play26",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/resttemplate",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/resttemplate-withXml",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/webclient",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-nullable-arrays",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-swagger2",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-useSingleRequestParameter",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/vertx",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/vertx5",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/vertx5-supportVertxFuture",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/vertx-no-nullable",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/vertx-supportVertxFuture",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8-localdatetime",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/google-api-client",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/rest-assured",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/rest-assured-jackson",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-rest-client",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-rest-client-mutiny",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-rest-client-3.0",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-rest-client-3.0-jackson",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-rest-client-3.0-jackson-mutiny",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-rest-client-3.0-jackson-with-xml",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-rest-client-3.0-mutiny",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-rest-client-3.0-jspecify",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-rest-client-with-useSingleRequestParameter",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-oneof-interface",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/apache-httpclient",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/feign",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/feign-hc5",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/feign-no-nullable",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson-awsv4signature",
+          "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8-special-characters",
+          "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/native",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson-swagger1/",
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+          "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8-swagger1/",
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+          "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8-swagger2/",
+          "samples/client/others/java/okhttp-gson-oneOf/",
+          "samples/client/others/java/okhttp-gson-oneOf-array/",
+          "samples/client/echo_api/java/okhttp-gson-user-defined-templates/",
+          "samples/client/others/java/resttemplate-useAbstractionForFiles/",
+          "samples/client/others/java/webclient-useAbstractionForFiles/",
+          "samples/client/others/java/jersey2-oneOf-duplicates/",
+          "samples/client/others/java/jersey2-oneOf-Mixed/",
+          "samples/client/others/java/resttemplate-list-schema-validation/",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson-3.1-duplicated-operationid/",
+          "samples/client/others/java/okhttp-gson-streaming/",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/resteasy/",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/apache-httpclient/"
+        ]
+      },
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+      ],
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+        "samples/client/petstore/java/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/jaxrs-cxf-client/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/jaxrs-cxf-client-swagger2/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/java-micronaut-client/**",
+        "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8-special-characters/**",
+        "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8-swagger1/**",
+        "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8-swagger2/**",
+        "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/native**",
+        "samples/client/others/java/okhttp-gson-oneOf/**",
+        "samples/client/others/java/okhttp-gson-oneOf-array/**",
+        "samples/client/others/java/resttemplate-useAbstractionForFiles/**",
+        "samples/client/others/java/webclient-useAbstractionForFiles/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-useSingleRequestParameter/**",
+        "samples/client/others/java/jersey2-oneOf-duplicates/**",
+        "samples/client/others/java/jersey2-oneOf-Mixed/**",
+        "samples/client/others/java/okhttp-gson-streaming/**",
+        "samples/client/others/java/resteasy/**",
+        "samples/client/others/java/apache-httpclient/**",
+        "samples/client/others/java/resttemplate-list-schema-validation/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson-3.1-duplicated-operationid/**"
+      ]
+    },
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+      "matrix": {
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+          "samples/client/petstore/java/resttemplate-springBoot4-jackson3",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-jakarta",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/restclient",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/restclient-nullable-arrays",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/restclient-springBoot4-jackson2",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/restclient-springBoot4-jackson3",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/restclient-springBoot4-jackson3-jspecify",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/restclient-springBoot4-jackson3-jspecify-openapiNullable",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/native-jackson3-jspecify",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/restclient-swagger2",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/restclient-useSingleRequestParameter",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/restclient-useSingleRequestParameter-static",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/native-jackson3",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/apache-httpclient-jackson3",
+          "samples/client/others/java/webclient-sealedInterface",
+          "samples/client/others/java/webclient-sealedInterface_3_1",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-springBoot4-jackson3",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-useSingleRequestParameter",
+          "samples/client/others/java/restclient-enum-in-multipart",
+          "samples/client/others/java/restclient-sealedInterface",
+          "samples/client/others/java/restclient-useAbstractionForFiles",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/jersey3-oneOf",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/jersey3-jackson3",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-oneof-sealed"
+        ]
+      },
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+      ],
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+        "samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-jakarta/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/java/restclient-*/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/java/native-jackson3/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/java/apache-httpclient-jackson3/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/java/native-jackson3-jspecify/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/java/restclient-springBoot4-jackson3-jspecify/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/java/restclient-springBoot4-jackson3-jspecify-openapiNullable/**",
+        "samples/client/others/java/webclient-sealedInterface/**",
+        "samples/client/others/java/webclient-sealedInterface_3_1/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-useSingleRequestParameter/**",
+        "samples/client/others/java/restclient-enum-in-multipart/**",
+        "samples/client/others/java/restclient-sealedInterface/**",
+        "samples/client/others/java/restclient-useAbstractionForFiles/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/java/jersey3-oneOf/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/java/jersey3-jackson3/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-oneof-sealed/**"
+      ]
+    },
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+      "matrix": {
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+          "samples/server/petstore/java-dubbo"
+        ]
+      },
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+      ],
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+        "samples/server/petstore/java-dubbo/**"
+      ]
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+      "matrix": {
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+          "samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v3/se",
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v3/mp",
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v3/se",
+          "samples/server/others/java-helidon-server/v3/mp-format-test"
+        ],
+        "version": [
+          17
+        ]
+      },
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+      ],
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+        "samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v3/**",
+        "samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v3/**",
+        "samples/server/others/java-helidon-server/v3/**"
+      ]
+    },
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+          "samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v4/se",
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v4/mp",
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v4/se",
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v4/se-uac",
+          "samples/server/others/java-helidon-server/v4/mp-format-test"
+        ],
+        "version": [
+          21
+        ]
+      },
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+      ],
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+        "samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v4/**",
+        "samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v4/**",
+        "samples/server/others/java-helidon-server/v4/**"
+      ]
+    },
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+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-java-petsore-client-jdk11.yaml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8",
+          "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson-3.1",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson-dynamicOperations",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java-micronaut-client"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shared_paths": [
+        "pom.xml",
+        ".mvn/**",
+        "mvnw",
+        "mvnw.cmd",
+        "CI/settings.xml"
+      ],
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+        "samples/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8/**",
+        "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/java/jersey2-java8/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson-3.1/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson-dynamicOperations/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/java-micronaut-client/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-java-petsore-client-jdk17.build": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-java-petsore-client-jdk17.yaml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/jersey3"
+        ]
+      },
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+        "pom.xml",
+        ".mvn/**",
+        "mvnw",
+        "mvnw.cmd",
+        "CI/settings.xml"
+      ],
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/client/petstore/java/jersey3/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-java-play-framework.build": {
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+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework",
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework-api-package-override",
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework-async",
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework-controller-only",
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework-fake-endpoints",
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework-fake-endpoints-with-security",
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework-no-bean-validation",
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework-no-excp-handling",
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework-no-interface",
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework-no-nullable",
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework-no-swagger-ui",
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework-no-wrap-calls"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shared_paths": [
+        "pom.xml",
+        ".mvn/**",
+        "mvnw",
+        "mvnw.cmd",
+        "CI/settings.xml"
+      ],
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/server/petstore/java-play-framework**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-java-sbt.build": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-java-sbt.yaml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-java-server-jdk8.build": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-java-server-jdk8.yaml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-vertx-web/",
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-vertx-web-interface-only/",
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-inflector/",
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-pkmst/",
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-microprofile/"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shared_paths": [
+        "pom.xml",
+        ".mvn/**",
+        "mvnw",
+        "mvnw.cmd",
+        "CI/settings.xml"
+      ],
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/server/petstore/java-vertx-web/**",
+        "samples/server/petstore/java-vertx-web-interface-only/**",
+        "samples/server/petstore/java-inflector/**",
+        "samples/server/petstore/java-inflector/**",
+        "samples/server/petstore/java-pkmst/**",
+        "samples/server/petstore/java-microprofile/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-java-wiremock.build": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-java-wiremock.yaml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-wiremock"
+        ]
+      },
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+        "pom.xml",
+        ".mvn/**",
+        "mvnw",
+        "mvnw.cmd",
+        "CI/settings.xml"
+      ],
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/server/petstore/java-wiremock/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-javascript.build": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-javascript.yaml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "node": [
+          "18.x",
+          "20.x"
+        ],
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/client/petstore/javascript-es6/",
+          "samples/client/petstore/javascript-promise-es6/"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/client/petstore/javascript-es6/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/javascript-promise-es6/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-jaxrs-jdk11.build": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-jaxrs-jdk11.yaml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs/jersey3"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shared_paths": [
+        "pom.xml",
+        ".mvn/**",
+        "mvnw",
+        "mvnw.cmd",
+        "CI/settings.xml"
+      ],
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs/jersey3/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-jaxrs.build": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-jaxrs.yaml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs/jersey2",
+          "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs/jersey2-useTags",
+          "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-jersey",
+          "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec",
+          "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec-withxml",
+          "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec-interface",
+          "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec-interface-response",
+          "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec-oneof-interface",
+          "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-datelib-j8",
+          "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-resteasy/default",
+          "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-resteasy/eap",
+          "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-resteasy/eap-joda",
+          "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-resteasy/eap-java8",
+          "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-resteasy/joda",
+          "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-cxf",
+          "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-cxf-annotated-base-path",
+          "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-cxf-cdi",
+          "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-cxf-non-spring-app",
+          "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec-microprofile-openapi-annotations",
+          "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec-swagger-annotations",
+          "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec-swagger-v3-annotations-jakarta",
+          "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec-swagger-v3-annotations"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shared_paths": [
+        "pom.xml",
+        ".mvn/**",
+        "mvnw",
+        "mvnw.cmd",
+        "CI/settings.xml"
+      ],
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs*/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-jdk17.build": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-jdk17.yaml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/spring-cloud-3",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v3/mp/",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v3/se",
+          "samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-reactive",
+          "samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-reactive-bean-validation",
+          "samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-bean-validation",
+          "samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface",
+          "samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-reactive-noResponseEntity",
+          "samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-noResponseEntity",
+          "samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-useHttpServiceProxyFactoryInterfacesConfigurator",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-jakarta",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-rest-client-outer-enum",
+          "samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-3",
+          "samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-3-include-http-request-context",
+          "samples/server/petstore/springboot-x-implements-skip",
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-camel/",
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v3/mp/",
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v3/se",
+          "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec-sealed",
+          "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec/quarkus-security"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shared_paths": [
+        "pom.xml",
+        ".mvn/**",
+        "mvnw",
+        "mvnw.cmd",
+        "CI/settings.xml"
+      ],
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+        "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/spring-cloud-3/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v3/mp/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v3/se/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-reactive/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-reactive-bean-validation/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-bean-validation/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-reactive-noResponseEntity/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-noResponseEntity/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/spring-http-interface-useHttpServiceProxyFactoryInterfacesConfigurator/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-jakarta/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-rest-client-outer-enum/**",
+        "samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-3/**",
+        "samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-3-include-http-request-context/**",
+        "samples/server/petstore/springboot-x-implements-skip/**",
+        "samples/server/petstore/java-camel/**",
+        "samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v3/mp/**",
+        "samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v3/se/**",
+        "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec-sealed/**",
+        "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec/quarkus-security/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-jdk21.build": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-jdk21.yaml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v4/mp/",
+          "samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v4/se/",
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v4/mp/",
+          "samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v4/se/"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shared_paths": [
+        "pom.xml",
+        ".mvn/**",
+        "mvnw",
+        "mvnw.cmd",
+        "CI/settings.xml"
+      ],
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v4/mp/**",
+        "samples/client/petstore/java-helidon-client/v4/se/**",
+        "samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v4/mp/**",
+        "samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v4/se/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-julia.tests-julia": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-julia.yaml",
+      "paths": [
+        "samples/client/petstore/julia/**",
+        "samples/server/petstore/julia/**"
+      ],
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/client/petstore/julia/**",
+        "samples/server/petstore/julia/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "samples-kotlin-client.build": {
+      "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-kotlin-client.yaml",
+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-explicit",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-gson",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jackson",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jackson3",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-model-prefix-type-mappings",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-okhttp4-coroutines",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-moshi-codegen",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-multiplatform",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-multiplatform-kotlinx-datetime",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-multiplatform-allOf-discriminator",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-nonpublic",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-nullable",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-retrofit2",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-retrofit2-kotlinx_serialization",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-retrofit2-jackson",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-retrofit2-rx3",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-string",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-threetenbp",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-kotlinx-datetime",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-uppercase-enum",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-array-integer-enum",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-default-values-jvm-okhttp4",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-default-values-jvm-retrofit2",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-default-values-multiplatform",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-enum-integers-multiplatform",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-array-simple-string-jvm-okhttp4",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-array-simple-string-multiplatform",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-array-nullable-items",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-array-nullable-items-multiplatform",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-bigdecimal-default-multiplatform",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-bigdecimal-default-okhttp4",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-jackson",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-ktor-jackson",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-ktor-gson",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-ktor-kotlinx_serialization",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-vertx-gson",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-vertx-jackson",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-vertx-jackson-coroutines",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-vertx-moshi",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-spring-2-webclient",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-spring-3-webclient",
+          "samples/client/echo_api/kotlin-jvm-spring-3-webclient",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-spring-3-restclient",
+          "samples/client/echo_api/kotlin-jvm-spring-3-restclient",
+          "samples/client/others/kotlin-jvm-spring-3-restclient-nullable-return",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-spring-4-restclient-jackson3",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-name-parameter-mappings",
+          "samples/client/others/kotlin-jvm-okhttp-parameter-tests",
+          "samples/client/others/kotlin-jvm-okhttp-path-comments",
+          "samples/client/others/kotlin-integer-enum",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-allOf-discriminator-kotlinx-serialization",
+          "samples/client/others/kotlin-oneOf-discriminator-kotlinx-serialization",
+          "samples/client/others/kotlin-oneOf-anyOf-kotlinx-serialization",
+          "samples/client/others/kotlin-oneOf-anyOf-kotlinx-serialization-nonPublicApi",
+          "samples/client/others/kotlin-oneOf-anyOf-kotlinx-serialization-explicitApi",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-allOf-special-discriminator-kotlinx-serialization",
+          "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-multiplatform-allOf-special-discriminator"
+        ]
+      },
+      "shadow_paths": [
+        "samples/client/petstore/kotlin*/**",
+        "samples/client/others/kotlin-jvm-okhttp-parameter-tests/**",
+        "samples/client/others/kotlin-integer-enum/**",
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+        "samples/client/petstore/perl"
+      ],
+      "shared_paths": [
+        "CI/circle_parallel.sh",
+        "CI/circle_select.sh"
+      ]
+    },
+    "circle.node2": {
+      "workflow": ".circleci/config.yml",
+      "paths": [
+        "samples/client/petstore/cpp-restsdk/client"
+      ],
+      "shared_paths": [
+        "CI/circle_parallel.sh",
+        "CI/circle_select.sh",
+        ".mvn/**"
+      ]
+    },
+    "circle.node3": {
+      "workflow": ".circleci/config.yml",
+      "paths": [],
+      "shared_paths": [
+        "CI/circle_parallel.sh",
+        "CI/circle_select.sh",
+        ".mvn/**"
+      ],
+      "matrix": {
+        "sample": [
+          "samples/client/petstore/ruby",
+          "samples/client/petstore/ruby-faraday",
+          "samples/client/petstore/ruby-httpx",
+          "samples/client/petstore/ruby-autoload"
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "exclusions": [
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/echo_api/go-external-refs",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/echo_api/php-nextgen",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/echo_api/php-nextgen-streaming",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/echo_api/powershell",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/echo_api/r",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/github/jetbrains/http/client",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/jetbrains/adyen/adyen/http/client",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/jetbrains/adyen/checkoutbasic/http/client",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/opendota/jetbrains/http/client",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/others/crystal-qdrant",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/others/csharp-complex-files",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/others/csharp-complex-files/src/Org.OpenAPITools",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/others/csharp-complex-files/src/Org.OpenAPITools.Test",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/others/k6/basicAuth",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/others/k6/bearerAuth",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/others/kotlin-jvm-okhttp-non-ascii-headers",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/others/ruby-nextgen-qdrant",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/others/typescript-axios/with-separate-models-and-api-inheritance",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/others/typescript-fetch/additional-properties-in-multipart-issue",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/others/typescript-fetch/infinite-recursion-issue",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/others/typescript-fetch/multipart-file-array",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/others/typescript-fetch/self-import-issue",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/others/typescript-rxjs/allOf-composition",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/ada",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/android/httpclient",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/android/volley",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/apex",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/bash",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/cpp-boost-beast",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/cpp-boost-beast/generated",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/cpp-restsdk",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/cpp-restsdk/client",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/cpp-tiny",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/cpp-tizen",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/cpp-ue4",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/csharp/unityWebRequest/net10/Petstore",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/csharp/unityWebRequest/net9/Petstore",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/csharp/unityWebRequest/standard2.0/Petstore",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/eiffel",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/gdscript/addons/oas.petstore.client",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/java/microprofile-rest-client-3.0-jackson-ignore-case",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson-nullable-required",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/java/okhttp-gson-parcelableModel",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/java/resttemplate-springBoot4-jackson3-jspecify",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/java/retrofit",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/java/webclient-springBoot4-jackson3-jspecify",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/javascript-apollo",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/javascript-closure-angular",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/javascript-flowtyped",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/jaxrs-cxf-client-jackson",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/jetbrains/http/client",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/jmeter",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/k6",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-allOf-discriminator",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-array-simple-string-jvm-retrofit2",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-default-values-numbers",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-enum-default-value",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-json-request-string",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-retrofit2-coroutines",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/kotlin-modelMutable",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/lua",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/n4js",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/nim",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/objc/core-data",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/objc/core-data/SwaggerClientTests",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/objc/default",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/objc/default/SwaggerClientTests",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/perl",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/perl/deep_module_test",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/php-dt",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/php-dt-modern",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/php/psr-18",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/ruby",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/ruby-autoload",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/ruby-faraday",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/ruby-httpx",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/scala-gatling",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/spring-cloud-feign-without-url",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/swift-combine/client",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/swift5/vaporLibrary",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/swift6/alamofireLibrary",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/swift6/alamofireLibrary/SwaggerClientTests",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/swift6/apiNonStaticMethod",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/swift6/apiNonStaticMethod/SwaggerClientTests",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/swift6/asyncAwaitLibrary",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/swift6/asyncAwaitLibrary/SwaggerClientTests",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/swift6/combineDeferredLibrary",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/swift6/combineDeferredLibrary/SwaggerClientTests",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/swift6/combineLibrary",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/swift6/combineLibrary/SwaggerClientTests",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/swift6/default",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/swift6/default/SwaggerClientTests",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/swift6/objcCompatible",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/swift6/oneOf",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/swift6/promisekitLibrary",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/swift6/promisekitLibrary/SwaggerClientTests",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/swift6/resultLibrary",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/swift6/rxswiftLibrary",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/swift6/rxswiftLibrary/SwaggerClientTests",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/swift6/urlsessionLibrary",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/swift6/urlsessionLibrary/SwaggerClientTests",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/swift6/validation",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/swift6/vaporLibrary",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-angular-v19",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-axios/builds/composed-schemas",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-axios/builds/default",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-axios/builds/test-petstore",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-axios/builds/with-fake-endpoints-models-for-testing-with-http-signature",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-axios/builds/with-interfaces",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-axios/builds/with-interfaces-and-with-single-request-param",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-axios/builds/with-node-imports",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-axios/builds/with-single-request-parameters",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-axios/builds/with-string-enums",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-axios/tests/default",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-axios/tests/with-complex-headers",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-fetch/builds/allOf-nullable",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-fetch/builds/allOf-readonly",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-fetch/builds/date-library-date",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-fetch/builds/date-library-string",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-fetch/builds/default-v3.0",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-fetch/builds/enum",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-fetch/builds/kebab-case",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-fetch/builds/multiple-parameters",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-fetch/builds/oneOf",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-fetch/builds/snakecase-discriminator",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-fetch/builds/validation-attributes",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-fetch/builds/with-interfaces",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-fetch/builds/with-string-enums",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-inversify",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-jquery/default",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-nestjs/builds/reservedParamNames",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-node/3_0",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-node/default",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-rxjs/builds/default",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/typescript-rxjs/builds/with-progress-subscriber",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/xojo/client",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/client/petstore/xojo/client-synchronous",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/config/petstore/apache2",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/config/petstore/graphql-schema",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/documentation/asciidoc",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/documentation/cwiki",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/documentation/dynamic-html",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/documentation/html",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/documentation/html.md",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/documentation/html2",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/documentation/markdown",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/documentation/petstore/plantuml",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/documentation/postman-collection",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/meta-codegen",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/meta-codegen-kotlin/lib",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/meta-codegen-kotlin/usage",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/meta-codegen/lib",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/meta-codegen/usage",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/client/extensions/x-auth-id-alias/go-experimental",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/client/extensions/x-auth-id-alias/ruby-client",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/client/features/dynamic-servers/ruby",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/client/features/generate-alias-as-model/ruby-client",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/kotlin",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/kotlin-jvm-retrofit2-coroutines",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/kotlin-multiplatform",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/php",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/spring-cloud-oas3-fakeapi",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/builds/deno",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/builds/deno_object_params",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/tests/browser",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/tests/default",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/tests/deno",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/tests/inversify",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/tests/jquery",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/client/petstore/typescript/tests/object_params",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/schema/petstore/avro",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/schema/petstore/avro-schema",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/schema/petstore/avro-schema-issue6268",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/schema/valid-enums/avro-schema-enum",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/server/petstore/go",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/server/petstore/go/go-petstore",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-reactive",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/server/petstore/php-symfony/SymfonyBundle-php",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/server/petstore/spring-boot-springdoc",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/openapi3/server/petstore/springboot-source",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/schema/petstore/ktorm",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/schema/petstore/ktorm-modelMutable",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/schema/petstore/mysql",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/schema/petstore/postgresql",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/schema/petstore/wsdl-schema",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-3.0",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-3.0/src/Org.OpenAPITools",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-3.1",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-3.1/src/Org.OpenAPITools",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-5.0",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-5.0/src/Org.OpenAPITools",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-8.0-abstract-class",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore-8.0-abstract-class/src/Org.OpenAPITools",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/aspnetcore/src/Org.OpenAPITools",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/cpp-pistache",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/cpp-pistache-everything",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/cpp-pistache-nested-schema-refs",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/cpp-qt-qhttpengine-server",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/cpp-restbed",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/cpp-restbed-deprecated",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/cpp-restbed/generated/3_0",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/cpp-restbed/test/java_client_tests/java_client",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/csharp-functions",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/csharp-functions-abstract-class",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/csharp-functions-abstract-class/src/Org.OpenAPITools",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/csharp-functions-isolated",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/csharp-functions-isolated-builtin",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/csharp-functions-isolated-builtin-newtonsoft",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/csharp-functions-isolated-builtin-newtonsoft/src/Org.OpenAPITools",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/csharp-functions-isolated-builtin/src/Org.OpenAPITools",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/csharp-functions-isolated-newtonsoft",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/csharp-functions-isolated-newtonsoft/src/Org.OpenAPITools",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/csharp-functions-isolated-openapi",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/csharp-functions-isolated-openapi/src/Org.OpenAPITools",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/csharp-functions-isolated/src/Org.OpenAPITools",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/csharp-functions/src/Org.OpenAPITools",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/fsharp-functions",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/fsharp-giraffe",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/graphql-nodejs-express-server",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/graphql-nodejs-express-server/petstore",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/java-helidon-server/v4/se-uac-group-by-file-path",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/java-micronaut-server",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/java-msf4j",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/java-undertow",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-cxf-cdi-default-value",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-cxf-test-data",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-resteasy/default-value",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-resteasy/java8",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec-enum",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec-jakarta",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec-quarkus-mutiny",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/jaxrs-spec-required-and-readonly-property",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server/ktor-delegate-pattern",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/kotlin-server/ktor2-usetags-false",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/kotlin-spring-cloud-4",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/kotlin-spring-default",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/kotlin-springboot-integer-enum",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/kotlin-vertx-modelMutable",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/kotlin/vertx",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/nodejs-express-server",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/php-laravel",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/php-lumen",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/php-symfony",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/python-blueplanet",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/python-flask",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/ruby-on-rails",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/ruby-sinatra",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/rust-server-deprecated",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/springboot-beanvalidation-no-nullable",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "samples/server/petstore/springboot-delegate-j8",
+      "reason": "No sample build/test job in the pre-selection CI baseline; generated-output freshness remains covered."
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/CI/circle_parallel.sh b/CI/circle_parallel.sh
index b004e6e8b80c..86a7bd8281d4 100755
--- a/CI/circle_parallel.sh
+++ b/CI/circle_parallel.sh
@@ -31,10 +31,31 @@ elif [ "$NODE_INDEX" = "3" ]; then
   echo "Running node $NODE_INDEX ... "
 
   echo "Testing ruby"
-  (cd samples/client/petstore/ruby && mvn integration-test)
-  (cd samples/client/petstore/ruby-faraday && mvn integration-test)
-  (cd samples/client/petstore/ruby-httpx && mvn integration-test)
-  (cd samples/client/petstore/ruby-autoload && mvn integration-test)
+  ruby_samples=(
+    samples/client/petstore/ruby
+    samples/client/petstore/ruby-faraday
+    samples/client/petstore/ruby-httpx
+    samples/client/petstore/ruby-autoload
+  )
+  if [ "${CIRCLE_SELECTED_SAMPLES_JSON+x}" ]; then
+    selected=$(python3 - "${ruby_samples[@]}" <<'PY'
+import json
+import os
+import sys
+
+samples = json.loads(os.environ["CIRCLE_SELECTED_SAMPLES_JSON"])
+if (not isinstance(samples, list) or not samples
+        or any(not isinstance(sample, str) or sample not in sys.argv[1:] for sample in samples)
+        or len(samples) != len(set(samples))):
+    raise ValueError("Invalid selected CircleCI Ruby samples")
+print("\n".join(samples))
+PY
+)
+    readarray -t ruby_samples <<< "$selected"
+  fi
+  for sample in "${ruby_samples[@]}"; do
+    (cd "$sample" && mvn integration-test)
+  done
 
 else
   echo "Running node $NODE_INDEX ..."
diff --git a/CI/circle_select.sh b/CI/circle_select.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7e9f9db382ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CI/circle_select.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# Only verified PR metadata may enable a skip. Uncertainty keeps the full node.
+set -euo pipefail
+
+node=${CIRCLE_NODE_INDEX:-0}
+[[ "$node" =~ ^[0-3]$ ]] || { echo "Invalid CircleCI node: $node" >&2; exit 1; }
+export CI_IS_PR=false
+unset CI_BASE_SHA CI_HEAD_SHA
+args=()
+case "${CI_FORCE_FULL:-false}" in
+  true|1) args+=(--force-full) ;;
+  false|0) ;;
+  *) echo "Invalid CI_FORCE_FULL" >&2; exit 1 ;;
+esac
+
+pr=
+if [[ "${CIRCLE_PULL_REQUEST:-}" =~ ^https://github.com/OpenAPITools/openapi-generator/pull/([0-9]+)$ ]]; then
+  pr=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
+elif [[ "${CIRCLE_BRANCH:-}" =~ ^pull/([0-9]+)$ ]]; then
+  pr=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
+fi
+
+if [ -n "$pr" ] && [ "${#args[@]}" -eq 0 ]; then
+  # GitHub constructs this ref from the actual target branch, including release
+  # branches and fork PRs. A moved/stale/unmergeable ref is not a usable baseline.
+  if [[ "${CIRCLE_SHA1:-}" =~ ^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$ ]] &&
+     [ "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" = "$CIRCLE_SHA1" ] &&
+     git fetch --no-tags --depth=2 origin "refs/pull/$pr/merge"; then
+    parents=$(git cat-file -p FETCH_HEAD | sed -n '/^$/q; s/^parent //p')
+    readarray -t parents <<< "$parents"
+    if [ "${#parents[@]}" -eq 2 ] && [ "${parents[1]}" = "$CIRCLE_SHA1" ]; then
+      export CI_IS_PR=true CI_BASE_SHA="${parents[0]}" CI_HEAD_SHA="$CIRCLE_SHA1"
+    fi
+  fi
+  if [ "$CI_IS_PR" != true ]; then
+    echo "CircleCI PR baseline could not be verified; running the full node." >&2
+  fi
+fi
+
+python3 CI/select_changes.py --provider circleci --suite "circle.node$node" \
+  --manifest CI/change-scopes.json --mode "${CI_SELECTION_MODE:-shadow}" \
+  "${args[@]}" > .circleci-selection.json
+has_changes=$(python3 - <<'PY'
+import json
+import os
+import shlex
+import sys
+
+with open(".circleci-selection.json", encoding="utf-8") as stream:
+    result = json.load(stream)
+if (type(result.get("has_changes")) is not bool
+        or type(result.get("run_all")) is not bool
+        or not isinstance(result.get("matrix"), dict)
+        or not isinstance(result.get("samples"), list)
+        or any(not isinstance(sample, str) for sample in result["samples"])
+        or not isinstance(result.get("reasons"), list)):
+    raise ValueError("Invalid CircleCI selector output")
+print(json.dumps(result), file=sys.stderr)
+with open(os.environ["BASH_ENV"], "a", encoding="utf-8") as stream:
+    stream.write("export CIRCLE_SELECTED_SAMPLES_JSON=" +
+                 shlex.quote(json.dumps(result["samples"])) + "\n")
+print("true" if result["has_changes"] else "false")
+PY
+)
+if [ "$has_changes" = false ]; then
+  echo "No relevant changes for circle.node$node; halting before setup."
+  circleci-agent step halt
+fi
diff --git a/CI/select_changes.py b/CI/select_changes.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7080b6603438
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CI/select_changes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Select CI scopes from cumulative PR changes; uncertainty always runs the suite."""
+
+import argparse
+import copy
+from collections import Counter
+import itertools
+import json
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+
+
+GLOBAL_PATHS = (
+    "CI/select_changes.py",
+    "CI/change-scopes.json",
+    "CI/tests/**",
+    ".github/actions/compute-matrix/**",
+    ".github/.test/ci-scopes.js",
+    ".gitattributes",
+    ".gitmodules",
+)
+
+
+class ConfigError(ValueError):
+    """Invalid policy or invocation; unlike diff uncertainty this must fail CI."""
+
+
+class DiffUncertain(Exception):
+    """Comparison could not be verified safely."""
+
+
+def validate_path(value, label, glob=False):
+    if not isinstance(value, str) or not value or "\0" in value:
+        raise ConfigError(f"{label}: expected a nonempty repository-relative path")
+    if "\\" in value or value.startswith("/") or re.match(r"^[A-Za-z]:", value):
+        raise ConfigError(f"{label}: use repository-relative POSIX paths")
+    if any(part in ("", ".", "..") for part in value.rstrip("/").split("/")):
+        raise ConfigError(f"{label}: invalid path components")
+    if glob and ("[" in value or "]" in value):
+        raise ConfigError(f"{label}: only *, ** and ? glob syntax is supported")
+    return value
+
+
+def validate_manifest(manifest):
+    if not isinstance(manifest, dict) or type(manifest.get("version")) is not int or manifest["version"] != 1:
+        raise ConfigError("manifest version must be 1")
+    suites = manifest.get("suites")
+    if not isinstance(suites, dict) or not suites:
+        raise ConfigError("manifest suites must be a nonempty object")
+    for suite_id, suite in suites.items():
+        if not isinstance(suite_id, str) or not suite_id or not isinstance(suite, dict):
+            raise ConfigError("each suite must have an ID and object definition")
+        if "workflow" in suite:
+            validate_path(suite["workflow"], f"{suite_id}.workflow")
+        if "discovery" in suite and suite["discovery"] != "typescript":
+            raise ConfigError(f"{suite_id}.discovery: only typescript discovery is supported")
+        for field in ("paths", "shared_paths", "shadow_paths"):
+            paths = suite.get(field, [])
+            if not isinstance(paths, list):
+                raise ConfigError(f"{suite_id}.{field}: expected an array")
+            for path in paths:
+                validate_path(path, f"{suite_id}.{field}", glob=True)
+        matrix = suite.get("matrix", {})
+        if not isinstance(matrix, dict):
+            raise ConfigError(f"{suite_id}.matrix: expected an object")
+        for axis, values in matrix.items():
+            if not isinstance(axis, str) or not isinstance(values, list) or (not values and axis not in ("include", "exclude")):
+                raise ConfigError(f"{suite_id}.matrix.{axis}: expected a nonempty array")
+            if axis in ("include", "exclude"):
+                if any(not isinstance(row, dict) or not row for row in values):
+                    raise ConfigError(f"{suite_id}.matrix.{axis}: expected nonempty row objects")
+                for row in values:
+                    if "sample" in row:
+                        validate_path(row["sample"], f"{suite_id}.matrix.{axis}.sample")
+                    if axis == "exclude" and any(key not in matrix or key in ("include", "exclude") for key in row):
+                        raise ConfigError(f"{suite_id}.matrix.exclude: unknown axis")
+            elif axis == "sample":
+                for sample in values:
+                    validate_path(sample, f"{suite_id}.matrix.sample")
+            elif any(isinstance(value, (list, dict)) or value is None for value in values):
+                raise ConfigError(f"{suite_id}.matrix.{axis}: only scalar axis values are supported")
+        if "exclude" in matrix and not any(axis not in ("include", "exclude") for axis in matrix):
+            raise ConfigError(f"{suite_id}.matrix.exclude: requires matrix axes")
+        if "discovery" in suite and ("sample" in matrix or any("sample" in row for row in matrix.get("include", []))):
+            raise ConfigError(f"{suite_id}: discovery must not be combined with a sample matrix")
+    return manifest
+
+
+def load_manifest(path):
+    try:
+        with open(path, encoding="utf-8") as stream:
+            return validate_manifest(json.load(stream))
+    except (OSError, json.JSONDecodeError) as exc:
+        raise ConfigError(f"cannot read manifest {path}: {exc}") from exc
+
+
+def path_matches(path, pattern):
+    """Git paths are literal; policy patterns support only *, ** and ?."""
+    pattern = pattern.rstrip("/")
+    if "*" not in pattern and "?" not in pattern:
+        return path == pattern or path.startswith(pattern + "/")
+    pieces = []
+    index = 0
+    while index < len(pattern):
+        char = pattern[index]
+        if pattern[index:index + 3] == "**/":
+            pieces.append("(?:.*/)?")
+            index += 3
+        elif pattern[index:index + 2] == "**":
+            pieces.append(".*")
+            index += 2
+        elif char == "*":
+            pieces.append("[^/]*")
+            index += 1
+        elif char == "?":
+            pieces.append("[^/]")
+            index += 1
+        else:
+            pieces.append(re.escape(char))
+            index += 1
+    return re.fullmatch("".join(pieces), path, flags=re.DOTALL) is not None
+
+
+def sample_matches(path, sample):
+    sample = sample.rstrip("/")
+    return path == sample or path.startswith(sample + "/")
+
+
+def discover_typescript_samples(cwd="."):
+    try:
+        data = Git(cwd).run("ls-files", "-z", "--", "samples")
+    except DiffUncertain as exc:
+        raise ConfigError(f"cannot discover TypeScript sample ownership: {exc}") from exc
+    tracked = {path.decode("utf-8", "surrogateescape") for path in data.split(b"\0") if path}
+    roots = {
+        path.rsplit("/", 1)[0] for path in tracked
+        if path.endswith("/tsconfig.json")
+    }
+    return sorted(root for root in roots
+                  if root + "/.openapi-generator-ignore" in tracked and root + "/package.json" in tracked)
+
+
+def suite_samples(suite, cwd="."):
+    if suite.get("discovery") == "typescript":
+        return discover_typescript_samples(cwd)
+    matrix = suite.get("matrix", {})
+    samples = list(matrix.get("sample", []))
+    for row in matrix.get("include", []):
+        if "sample" in row and row["sample"] not in samples:
+            samples.append(row["sample"])
+    return samples
+
+
+def expand_matrix(matrix):
+    """Expand GitHub's Cartesian axes, exclusions, then compatible include rows."""
+    axes = [axis for axis in matrix if axis not in ("include", "exclude")]
+    originals = [dict(zip(axes, values)) for values in itertools.product(*(matrix[axis] for axis in axes))] if axes else []
+    originals = [
+        row for row in originals
+        if not any(all(key in row and row[key] == value for key, value in excluded.items())
+                   for excluded in matrix.get("exclude", []))
+    ]
+    combinations = copy.deepcopy(originals)
+    additions = []
+    for included in matrix.get("include", []):
+        compatible = False
+        for index, original in enumerate(originals):
+            if all(key not in original or original[key] == value for key, value in included.items()):
+                combinations[index].update(included)
+                compatible = True
+        if not compatible:
+            additions.append(copy.deepcopy(included))
+    return combinations + additions
+
+
+def combination_counts(rows):
+    return Counter(json.dumps(row, sort_keys=True, ensure_ascii=True) for row in rows)
+
+
+def full_selection(suite, reasons, samples=None):
+    return {
+        "matrix": copy.deepcopy(suite.get("matrix", {})),
+        "samples": suite_samples(suite) if samples is None else list(samples),
+        "has_changes": True,
+        "run_all": True,
+        "reasons": list(reasons),
+    }
+
+
+def select_changes(manifest, suite_id, changed_paths=None, full_reason=None, mode="enforce", cwd="."):
+    validate_manifest(manifest)
+    if suite_id not in manifest["suites"]:
+        raise ConfigError(f"unknown suite: {suite_id}")
+    if mode not in ("enforce", "shadow"):
+        raise ConfigError(f"unknown selection mode: {mode}")
+    suite = manifest["suites"][suite_id]
+    all_samples = suite_samples(suite, cwd)
+    if full_reason is not None:
+        proposed = full_selection(suite, [full_reason], all_samples)
+    elif changed_paths is None:
+        raise ConfigError("selection requires verified changes or a full-run reason")
+    else:
+        changes = sorted(set(changed_paths))
+        full_matches = [
+            path for path in changes
+            if path == suite.get("workflow")
+            or any(path_matches(path, pattern) for pattern in GLOBAL_PATHS)
+            or any(path_matches(path, pattern) for pattern in suite.get("shared_paths", []))
+            or any(path_matches(path, pattern) for pattern in suite.get("paths", []))
+        ]
+        if full_matches:
+            proposed = full_selection(suite, ["full scope input changed: " + path for path in full_matches], all_samples)
+        else:
+            samples = [
+                sample for sample in all_samples
+                if any(sample_matches(path, sample) for path in changes)
+            ]
+            matrix = copy.deepcopy(suite.get("matrix", {}))
+            if not samples:
+                matrix = {"include": []}
+            elif not suite.get("discovery"):
+                selected = {sample.rstrip("/") for sample in samples}
+                if "sample" in matrix:
+                    matrix["sample"] = [sample for sample in matrix["sample"] if sample.rstrip("/") in selected]
+                    # Include-only samples cannot coexist with an empty Cartesian axis.
+                    if not matrix["sample"]:
+                        matrix = {"include": [
+                            row for row in matrix.get("include", [])
+                            if row.get("sample", "").rstrip("/") in selected
+                        ]}
+                for field in ("include", "exclude"):
+                    if field in matrix:
+                        matrix[field] = [
+                            row for row in matrix[field]
+                            if "sample" not in row or row["sample"].rstrip("/") in selected
+                        ]
+            proposed = {
+                "matrix": matrix,
+                "samples": samples,
+                "has_changes": bool(samples),
+                "run_all": False,
+                "reasons": ["selected sample: " + sample for sample in samples] or ["no owned inputs changed"],
+            }
+            if samples and not suite.get("discovery"):
+                original_rows = expand_matrix(suite.get("matrix", {}))
+                expected = [
+                    row for row in original_rows
+                    if "sample" in row and row["sample"].rstrip("/") in selected
+                ]
+                if combination_counts(expand_matrix(matrix)) != combination_counts(expected):
+                    proposed = full_selection(suite, ["matrix includes cannot be filtered without changing original combinations"], all_samples)
+                elif not expected:
+                    proposed.update(matrix={"include": []}, samples=[], has_changes=False,
+                                    reasons=["selected samples have no runnable matrix combinations"])
+    if mode == "shadow":
+        historical_trigger = (
+            "shadow_paths" not in suite
+            or proposed["has_changes"]
+            or any(path_matches(path, pattern) for path in changes for pattern in suite["shadow_paths"])
+        )
+        if historical_trigger:
+            result = full_selection(suite, ["shadow mode: executing full suite"] + proposed["reasons"], all_samples)
+        else:
+            result = copy.deepcopy(proposed)
+            result["reasons"] = ["shadow mode: no owned input or historical workflow trigger changed"] + proposed["reasons"]
+        result["proposed_selection"] = proposed
+        return result
+    return proposed
+
+
+class Git:
+    def __init__(self, cwd="."):
+        self.cwd = cwd
+
+    def run(self, *args):
+        try:
+            process = subprocess.run(
+                ["git", *args], cwd=self.cwd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                stderr=subprocess.PIPE, timeout=120, check=False,
+            )
+        except (OSError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired) as exc:
+            raise DiffUncertain(f"git command unavailable: {exc}") from exc
+        if process.returncode:
+            detail = process.stderr.decode("utf-8", "replace").strip()
+            raise DiffUncertain(f"git {args[0]} failed: {detail}")
+        return process.stdout
+
+    def text(self, *args):
+        return self.run(*args).decode("utf-8", "replace").strip()
+
+    def ensure_commit(self, sha):
+        if not isinstance(sha, str) or not re.fullmatch(r"[0-9a-fA-F]{40}|[0-9a-fA-F]{64}", sha):
+            raise DiffUncertain("missing or invalid full commit SHA")
+        sha = sha.lower()
+        try:
+            resolved = self.text("rev-parse", "--verify", sha + "^{commit}")
+        except DiffUncertain:
+            self.run("fetch", "--no-tags", "--depth=1", "origin", sha)
+            resolved = self.text("rev-parse", "--verify", sha + "^{commit}")
+        if resolved != sha:
+            raise DiffUncertain("commit SHA did not resolve exactly")
+        return sha
+
+    def merge_base(self, base, head):
+        def resolve():
+            candidates = self.text("merge-base", "--all", base, head).splitlines()
+            if len(candidates) != 1:
+                raise DiffUncertain("PR does not have a unique verified merge base")
+            return candidates[0]
+
+        try:
+            return resolve()
+        except DiffUncertain:
+            if self.text("rev-parse", "--is-shallow-repository") != "true":
+                raise
+        for depth in (64, 256, 1024):
+            self.run("fetch", "--no-tags", f"--deepen={depth}", "origin", base, head)
+            try:
+                return resolve()
+            except DiffUncertain:
+                continue
+        raise DiffUncertain("merge base unavailable after bounded history deepening")
+
+    def diff(self, base, head):
+        data = self.run("diff", "--name-only", "--no-renames", "-z", base, head, "--")
+        if data and not data.endswith(b"\0"):
+            raise DiffUncertain("git diff returned malformed NUL-delimited paths")
+        return {path.decode("utf-8", "surrogateescape") for path in data.split(b"\0") if path}
+
+
+def pr_changes(git, base, head, checkout_sha=None, allow_merge=False):
+    base = git.ensure_commit(base)
+    head = git.ensure_commit(head)
+    checkout = git.text("rev-parse", "--verify", "HEAD")
+    if checkout_sha is not None and checkout != checkout_sha.lower():
+        raise DiffUncertain("checkout does not match the event SHA")
+    merge_parent = None
+    if checkout != head:
+        if not allow_merge:
+            raise DiffUncertain("checkout does not match the verified PR head")
+        # Read the commit object, not rev-list: shallow boundaries hide its parents.
+        parents = [
+            line.split()[1] for line in git.text("cat-file", "-p", checkout).split("\n\n", 1)[0].splitlines()
+            if line.startswith("parent ")
+        ]
+        if parents != [base, head]:
+            raise DiffUncertain("checkout is not the verified PR merge (base, head)")
+        merge_parent = base
+    merge_base = git.merge_base(base, head)
+    paths = git.diff(merge_base, head)
+    if merge_parent is not None:
+        paths.update(git.diff(merge_parent, checkout))
+    return sorted(paths)
+
+
+def env_bool(value, name):
+    if value is None or value == "":
+        return False
+    if value.lower() not in ("true", "false", "1", "0"):
+        raise ConfigError(f"{name} must be true or false")
+    return value.lower() in ("true", "1")
+
+
+def resolve_changes(provider, env=None, cwd="."):
+    env = os.environ if env is None else env
+    git = Git(cwd)
+    if provider == "github":
+        if env.get("GITHUB_EVENT_NAME") != "pull_request":
+            return None, "non-PR GitHub event: full suite"
+        try:
+            with open(env.get("GITHUB_EVENT_PATH", ""), encoding="utf-8") as stream:
+                event = json.load(stream)
+            pr = event["pull_request"]
+            base, head = pr["base"]["sha"], pr["head"]["sha"]
+            checkout_sha = env.get("GITHUB_SHA")
+            if not checkout_sha:
+                raise DiffUncertain("missing GitHub event checkout SHA")
+        except (OSError, ValueError, KeyError, TypeError) as exc:
+            return None, f"diff uncertainty: unavailable PR event metadata: {exc}"
+        allow_merge = True
+    elif provider == "circleci":
+        if not env_bool(env.get("CI_IS_PR"), "CI_IS_PR"):
+            return None, "non-PR or unverified CircleCI event: full suite"
+        base, head = env.get("CI_BASE_SHA"), env.get("CI_HEAD_SHA")
+        checkout_sha = env.get("CIRCLE_SHA1") or head
+        allow_merge = False
+    else:
+        raise ConfigError(f"unknown provider: {provider}")
+    try:
+        return pr_changes(git, base, head, checkout_sha, allow_merge), None
+    except DiffUncertain as exc:
+        return None, f"diff uncertainty: {exc}"
+
+
+def emit_outputs(result, output=None, summary=None):
+    encoded = json.dumps(result, ensure_ascii=True, separators=(",", ":"))
+    print(encoded)
+    if output:
+        with open(output, "a", encoding="utf-8") as stream:
+            for key, value in result.items():
+                stream.write(key + "=" + json.dumps(value, ensure_ascii=True, separators=(",", ":")) + "\n")
+    if summary:
+        with open(summary, "a", encoding="utf-8") as stream:
+            stream.write("\n### CI change selection\n\n```json\n" + encoded + "\n```\n")
+
+
+def validate_targets(result, cwd="."):
+    missing = [sample for sample in result["samples"] if not (Path(cwd) / sample).is_dir()]
+    if missing:
+        raise ConfigError("scheduled sample directories do not exist; update ownership: " + ", ".join(missing))
+
+
+def main(argv=None):
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
+    parser.add_argument("--suite", required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("--manifest", default="CI/change-scopes.json")
+    parser.add_argument("--provider", choices=("github", "circleci"))
+    parser.add_argument("--mode", choices=("enforce", "shadow"), default="enforce")
+    parser.add_argument("--force-full", action="store_true")
+    parser.add_argument("--output", default=os.environ.get("GITHUB_OUTPUT"))
+    args = parser.parse_args(argv)
+    try:
+        manifest = load_manifest(args.manifest)
+        if args.suite not in manifest["suites"]:
+            raise ConfigError(f"unknown suite: {args.suite}")
+        provider = args.provider or ("circleci" if os.environ.get("CIRCLECI") == "true" else "github")
+        force_full = args.force_full or env_bool(os.environ.get("CI_FORCE_FULL"), "CI_FORCE_FULL")
+        paths, reason = (None, "explicit full-run override") if force_full else resolve_changes(provider)
+        result = select_changes(manifest, args.suite, paths, reason, args.mode)
+        validate_targets(result)
+        emit_outputs(result, args.output, os.environ.get("GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"))
+    except (ConfigError, OSError) as exc:
+        print(f"CI selector error: {exc}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 2
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/CI/tests/test_circle_selection.py b/CI/tests/test_circle_selection.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..47a2d8edeb3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CI/tests/test_circle_selection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+import json
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import tempfile
+import unittest
+
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
+BASH = os.environ.get("CI_TEST_BASH") or shutil.which("bash")
+RUBY = ["samples/client/petstore/" + name for name in
+        ("ruby", "ruby-faraday", "ruby-httpx", "ruby-autoload")]
+
+
+@unittest.skipUnless(BASH and shutil.which("git"), "Requires existing Bash and Git")
+class CircleSelectionTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.temp = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(dir=ROOT / "CI" / "tests")
+        self.addCleanup(self.temp.cleanup)
+        self.root = Path(self.temp.name)
+        self.source = self.root / "source"
+        self.source.mkdir()
+        self.git("init", "--quiet", cwd=self.source)
+        self.git("config", "user.name", "CI tests", cwd=self.source)
+        self.git("config", "user.email", "ci-tests@example.invalid", cwd=self.source)
+        (self.source / "README.md").write_text("base\n", encoding="utf-8")
+        self.git("add", ".", cwd=self.source)
+        self.git("commit", "--quiet", "-m", "base", cwd=self.source)
+        self.base = self.git("rev-parse", "HEAD", cwd=self.source)
+        for sample in RUBY:
+            directory = self.source / sample
+            directory.mkdir(parents=True)
+            (directory / "pom.xml").write_text("<project/>\n", encoding="utf-8")
+        self.git("add", ".", cwd=self.source)
+        self.git("commit", "--quiet", "-m", "samples", cwd=self.source)
+        self.head = self.git("rev-parse", "HEAD", cwd=self.source)
+        self.set_merge(self.base, self.head)
+        self.work = self.root / "work"
+        self.git("clone", "--quiet", "--depth=1", self.source.as_uri(), str(self.work),
+                 cwd=self.root)
+        (self.work / "CI").mkdir()
+        for name in ("select_changes.py", "circle_select.sh", "circle_parallel.sh"):
+            shutil.copyfile(ROOT / "CI" / name, self.work / "CI" / name)
+        suites = {
+            "circle.node0": {"workflow": ".circleci/config.yml", "paths": []},
+            "circle.node1": {"workflow": ".circleci/config.yml",
+                             "paths": ["samples/client/petstore/perl"]},
+            "circle.node2": {"workflow": ".circleci/config.yml",
+                             "paths": ["samples/client/petstore/cpp-restsdk/client"]},
+            "circle.node3": {"workflow": ".circleci/config.yml",
+                             "matrix": {"sample": RUBY}},
+        }
+        (self.work / "CI" / "change-scopes.json").write_text(
+            json.dumps({"version": 1, "suites": suites}), encoding="utf-8")
+        self.tools = self.root / "tools"
+        self.tools.mkdir()
+        for name in ("circleci-agent", "mvn"):
+            script = self.tools / name
+            script.write_text('#!/bin/bash\nprintf "%s %s\\n" "$PWD" "$*" >> "$CI_CALLS"\n',
+                              encoding="utf-8")
+            script.chmod(0o755)
+        self.env_file = self.root / "bash-env"
+        self.env_file.touch()
+        self.calls = self.root / "calls"
+        self.env = dict(os.environ, CIRCLE_NODE_INDEX="1", CIRCLE_SHA1=self.head,
+                        CIRCLE_PULL_REQUEST="https://github.com/OpenAPITools/openapi-generator/pull/7",
+                        CIRCLE_BRANCH="feature", CI_FORCE_FULL="false", CI_SELECTION_MODE="enforce",
+                        BASH_ENV=self.env_file.as_posix(), CI_CALLS=self.calls.as_posix())
+        self.env["PATH"] = str(self.tools) + os.pathsep + self.env["PATH"]
+        for key in ("CI_IS_PR", "CI_BASE_SHA", "CI_HEAD_SHA", "CIRCLE_SELECTED_SAMPLES_JSON",
+                    "GITHUB_OUTPUT", "GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"):
+            self.env.pop(key, None)
+
+    def git(self, *args, cwd):
+        return subprocess.run(["git", *args], cwd=cwd, check=True, text=True,
+                              capture_output=True).stdout.strip()
+
+    def set_merge(self, base, head):
+        tree = self.git("rev-parse", head + "^{tree}", cwd=self.source)
+        merge = self.git("commit-tree", tree, "-p", base, "-p", head, "-m", "PR merge",
+                         cwd=self.source)
+        self.git("update-ref", "refs/pull/7/merge", merge, cwd=self.source)
+
+    def run_script(self, name="circle_select.sh", check=True):
+        result = subprocess.run([BASH, "CI/" + name], cwd=self.work, env=self.env,
+                                text=True, capture_output=True)
+        if check:
+            self.assertEqual(result.returncode, 0, result.stdout + result.stderr)
+        return result
+
+    def selection(self):
+        self.run_script()
+        return json.loads((self.work / ".circleci-selection.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+
+    def test_verified_release_or_fork_pr_can_halt_unrelated_node(self):
+        result = self.selection()
+        self.assertFalse(result["has_changes"])
+        self.assertIn("step halt", self.calls.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+
+    def test_relevant_ruby_node_runs_without_halt(self):
+        self.env["CIRCLE_NODE_INDEX"] = "3"
+        self.assertEqual(self.selection()["samples"], RUBY)
+        self.assertFalse(self.calls.exists())
+
+    def test_cumulative_ruby_selection_survives_later_docs_commit(self):
+        base = self.head
+        (self.source / RUBY[2] / "pom.xml").write_text("<project>changed</project>\n",
+                                                       encoding="utf-8")
+        self.git("add", ".", cwd=self.source)
+        self.git("commit", "--quiet", "-m", "Ruby input", cwd=self.source)
+        (self.source / "README.md").write_text("later documentation\n", encoding="utf-8")
+        self.git("add", ".", cwd=self.source)
+        self.git("commit", "--quiet", "-m", "documentation", cwd=self.source)
+        self.head = self.git("rev-parse", "HEAD", cwd=self.source)
+        self.set_merge(base, self.head)
+        self.git("fetch", "--quiet", "--depth=1", "origin", self.head, cwd=self.work)
+        self.git("checkout", "--quiet", "--detach", self.head, cwd=self.work)
+        self.env.update(CIRCLE_NODE_INDEX="3", CIRCLE_SHA1=self.head)
+        self.assertEqual(self.selection()["samples"], [RUBY[2]])
+        self.run_script("circle_parallel.sh")
+        calls = self.calls.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines()
+        self.assertEqual(len(calls), 1)
+        self.assertTrue(calls[0].endswith("/ruby-httpx integration-test"), calls)
+
+    def test_missing_merge_ref_runs_full(self):
+        self.git("update-ref", "-d", "refs/pull/7/merge", cwd=self.source)
+        self.assertTrue(self.selection()["run_all"])
+        self.assertFalse(self.calls.exists())
+
+    def test_moved_pr_merge_ref_runs_full(self):
+        self.set_merge(self.head, self.base)
+        self.assertTrue(self.selection()["run_all"])
+
+    def test_wrong_event_revision_runs_full(self):
+        self.env["CIRCLE_SHA1"] = self.base
+        self.assertTrue(self.selection()["run_all"])
+
+    def test_non_pr_ignores_untrusted_inherited_metadata(self):
+        self.env.update(CIRCLE_PULL_REQUEST="", CI_IS_PR="true",
+                        CI_BASE_SHA=self.base, CI_HEAD_SHA=self.head)
+        self.assertTrue(self.selection()["run_all"])
+
+    def test_explicit_full_run(self):
+        self.env["CI_FORCE_FULL"] = "true"
+        self.assertTrue(self.selection()["run_all"])
+        self.assertFalse(self.calls.exists())
+
+    def test_default_shadow_keeps_unrelated_node_running(self):
+        self.env.pop("CI_SELECTION_MODE")
+        result = self.selection()
+        self.assertTrue(result["has_changes"])
+        self.assertTrue(result["run_all"])
+        self.assertFalse(self.calls.exists())
+
+    def test_invalid_mode_fails_instead_of_skipping(self):
+        self.env["CI_SELECTION_MODE"] = "unexpected"
+        self.assertNotEqual(self.run_script(check=False).returncode, 0)
+        self.assertFalse(self.calls.exists())
+
+    def test_pull_branch_metadata(self):
+        self.env.update(CIRCLE_PULL_REQUEST="", CIRCLE_BRANCH="pull/7")
+        self.assertFalse(self.selection()["has_changes"])
+
+    def test_selector_failure_never_halts_successfully(self):
+        (self.work / "CI" / "change-scopes.json").write_text("{}", encoding="utf-8")
+        self.assertNotEqual(self.run_script(check=False).returncode, 0)
+        self.assertFalse(self.calls.exists())
+
+    def test_ruby_payload_is_individually_filtered(self):
+        self.env.update(CIRCLE_NODE_INDEX="3",
+                        CIRCLE_SELECTED_SAMPLES_JSON=json.dumps([RUBY[2]]))
+        self.run_script("circle_parallel.sh")
+        calls = self.calls.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines()
+        self.assertEqual(len(calls), 1)
+        self.assertTrue(calls[0].endswith("/ruby-httpx integration-test"), calls)
+
+    def test_default_ruby_payload_preserves_all_four(self):
+        self.env["CIRCLE_NODE_INDEX"] = "3"
+        self.run_script("circle_parallel.sh")
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.calls.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines()), 4)
+
+    def test_invalid_ruby_json_fails_before_payload(self):
+        self.env["CIRCLE_NODE_INDEX"] = "3"
+        for selection in ('[]', '{}', '["../escape"]', '["$(touch unwanted)"]', 'invalid'):
+            with self.subTest(selection=selection):
+                self.env["CIRCLE_SELECTED_SAMPLES_JSON"] = selection
+                self.assertNotEqual(self.run_script("circle_parallel.sh", check=False).returncode, 0)
+                self.assertFalse(self.calls.exists())
+
+
+@unittest.skipUnless(shutil.which("node"), "Requires existing Node and vendored YAML parser")
+class CircleConfigTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_gate_precedes_all_expensive_setup_and_preserves_jobs(self):
+        script = (
+            "const y=require('./.github/.test/js-yaml.js');"
+            "console.log(JSON.stringify(y.safeLoad(require('fs').readFileSync("
+            "'.circleci/config.yml','utf8'))));"
+        )
+        config = json.loads(subprocess.check_output(["node", "-e", script], cwd=ROOT, text=True))
+        self.assertEqual(config["parameters"]["full_run"], {"type": "boolean", "default": False})
+        self.assertEqual(config["parameters"]["selection_mode"],
+                         {"type": "string", "default": "shadow"})
+        steps = config["commands"]["command_build_and_test"]["steps"]
+        self.assertIn("Checkout source", steps[0]["run"]["name"])
+        self.assertIn("circle_select.sh", steps[1]["run"]["command"])
+        self.assertEqual(steps[1]["run"]["environment"]["CI_SELECTION_MODE"],
+                         "<<pipeline.parameters.selection_mode>>")
+        self.assertIn("restore_cache", steps[2])
+        checkout = steps[0]["run"]["command"]
+        self.assertIn('git checkout --detach "$CIRCLE_SHA1"', checkout)
+        self.assertIn('"$(git rev-parse FETCH_HEAD)" = "$CIRCLE_SHA1"', checkout)
+        self.assertIn("seq 1 5", checkout)
+        self.assertIn("https://github.com/OpenAPITools/openapi-generator.git", checkout)
+        self.assertEqual(config["workflows"]["build"]["jobs"], ["node0", "node1", "node2", "node3"])
+        self.assertTrue(any("store_test_results" in step for step in steps))
+        self.assertTrue(any("store_artifacts" in step for step in steps))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/CI/tests/test_scope_coverage.py b/CI/tests/test_scope_coverage.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4894ebe5f022
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CI/tests/test_scope_coverage.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import tempfile
+import unittest
+
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
+
+
+@unittest.skipUnless(shutil.which("node") and shutil.which("git"), "Scope coverage uses Node and Git")
+class ScopeCoverageTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.temp = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()
+        self.addCleanup(self.temp.cleanup)
+        self.root = Path(self.temp.name)
+        for directory in (".github/.test", ".github/workflows", "bin/configs", "CI", "samples/client/example"):
+            (self.root / directory).mkdir(parents=True)
+        for filename in ("ci-scopes.js", "js-yaml.js"):
+            shutil.copyfile(ROOT / ".github" / ".test" / filename,
+                            self.root / ".github" / ".test" / filename)
+        self.manifest = {
+            "version": 1,
+            "suites": {
+                "samples-example.build": {
+                    "workflow": ".github/workflows/samples-example.yaml",
+                    "matrix": {"sample": ["samples/client/example"]},
+                },
+            },
+        }
+        (self.root / ".github/workflows/samples-example.yaml").write_text(
+            """on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches: ['master', '[5-9]+.[0-9]+.x']
+  pull_request:
+jobs:
+  setup:
+    steps:
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/compute-matrix
+        with:
+          suite: samples-example.build
+  build:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.build_changed == 'true' }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.build_matrix) }}
+""", encoding="utf-8")
+        (self.root / "samples/client/example/package.json").write_text("{}", encoding="utf-8")
+        subprocess.run(["git", "init", "--quiet", str(self.root)], check=True)
+
+    def check(self):
+        (self.root / "CI/change-scopes.json").write_text(json.dumps(self.manifest), encoding="utf-8")
+        subprocess.run(["git", "add", "samples"], cwd=self.root, check=True)
+        return subprocess.run(["node", ".github/.test/ci-scopes.js"], cwd=self.root,
+                              text=True, capture_output=True)
+
+    def test_registered_sample_passes(self):
+        result = self.check()
+        self.assertEqual(result.returncode, 0, result.stderr)
+
+    def test_new_unregistered_build_root_fails(self):
+        new = self.root / "samples/client/new"
+        new.mkdir()
+        (new / "pom.xml").write_text("<project/>", encoding="utf-8")
+        result = self.check()
+        self.assertNotEqual(result.returncode, 0)
+        self.assertIn("Unowned sample samples/client/new", result.stderr)
+
+    def test_exclusion_does_not_hide_nested_new_samples(self):
+        self.manifest["exclusions"] = [{"path": "samples/client/new", "reason": "Unsupported baseline"}]
+        new = self.root / "samples/client/new/nested"
+        new.mkdir(parents=True)
+        (new / "package.json").write_text("{}", encoding="utf-8")
+        result = self.check()
+        self.assertNotEqual(result.returncode, 0)
+        self.assertIn("Unowned sample samples/client/new/nested", result.stderr)
+
+    def test_local_package_dependency_must_be_declared(self):
+        package = self.root / "samples/client/example/package.json"
+        package.write_text(json.dumps({"dependencies": {"shared": "file:../shared"}}), encoding="utf-8")
+        result = self.check()
+        self.assertNotEqual(result.returncode, 0)
+        self.assertIn("declare external local dependency samples/client/shared", result.stderr)
+        self.manifest["suites"]["samples-example.build"]["shared_paths"] = ["samples/client/shared"]
+        result = self.check()
+        self.assertEqual(result.returncode, 0, result.stderr)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/CI/tests/test_select_changes.py b/CI/tests/test_select_changes.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0ebd8e61389c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CI/tests/test_select_changes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,472 @@
+import importlib.util
+import io
+import json
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import shutil
+import stat
+import subprocess
+import unittest
+from unittest import mock
+import uuid
+
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
+SPEC = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("select_changes", ROOT / "CI" / "select_changes.py")
+selector = importlib.util.module_from_spec(SPEC)
+SPEC.loader.exec_module(selector)
+
+
+def policy(matrix=None, **kwargs):
+    suite = {
+        "workflow": ".github/workflows/example.yaml",
+        "matrix": matrix if matrix is not None else {
+            "sample": ["samples/a/", "samples/b"],
+            "os": ["ubuntu-latest", "macos-latest"],
+            "runtime": [11, 17],
+        },
+    }
+    suite.update(kwargs)
+    return {"version": 1, "suites": {"example.build": suite}}
+
+
+class SelectionTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def select(self, paths, manifest=None, **kwargs):
+        return selector.select_changes(manifest or policy(), "example.build", paths, **kwargs)
+
+    def test_no_changes_has_stable_empty_types(self):
+        for paths in ([], ["README.md"], ["samples/ab/file"], ["samples/a-other/file"]):
+            with self.subTest(paths=paths):
+                result = self.select(paths)
+                self.assertEqual(result["matrix"], {"include": []})
+                self.assertEqual(result["samples"], [])
+                self.assertIs(result["has_changes"], False)
+                self.assertIs(result["run_all"], False)
+                self.assertIsInstance(result["reasons"], list)
+
+    def test_sample_only_keeps_every_runtime_and_literal_output(self):
+        result = self.select(["samples/a/.openapi-generator/FILES"])
+        self.assertEqual(result["samples"], ["samples/a/"])
+        self.assertEqual(result["matrix"], {
+            "sample": ["samples/a/"], "os": ["ubuntu-latest", "macos-latest"], "runtime": [11, 17],
+        })
+        self.assertTrue(result["has_changes"])
+
+    def test_all_global_inputs_and_workflow_force_full(self):
+        paths = [
+            "CI/select_changes.py", "CI/change-scopes.json", "CI/tests/new/test.py",
+            ".github/actions/compute-matrix/action.yaml", ".github/.test/ci-scopes.js",
+            ".gitattributes", ".gitmodules", ".github/workflows/example.yaml",
+        ]
+        for path in paths:
+            with self.subTest(path=path):
+                result = self.select([path])
+                self.assertTrue(result["run_all"])
+                self.assertEqual(result["matrix"], policy()["suites"]["example.build"]["matrix"])
+
+    def test_owned_group_and_shared_globs(self):
+        manifest = policy(paths=["fixtures/"], shared_paths=["bin/**/build?.sh", "pom.xml"])
+        for path in ["fixtures/deep/input", "bin/build1.sh", "bin/deep/build2.sh", "pom.xml"]:
+            with self.subTest(path=path):
+                self.assertTrue(self.select([path], manifest)["run_all"])
+        for path in ["fixtures-extra/input", "bin/build12.sh", "bin/deep/build.sh", "pom.xml.backup"]:
+            with self.subTest(path=path):
+                self.assertFalse(self.select([path], manifest)["has_changes"])
+        self.assertFalse(selector.path_matches("bin/deep/file.sh", "bin/*.sh"))
+        self.assertTrue(selector.path_matches("bin/file.sh", "bin/**/*.sh"))
+
+    def test_unusual_samples_are_not_patterns(self):
+        for sample in ["samples/a[1]", "samples/a+b (x)", "samples/a.b", "samples/a'quote", "samples/a?b"]:
+            manifest = policy({"sample": [sample]})
+            self.assertTrue(self.select([sample + "/line\nbreak.txt"], manifest)["has_changes"])
+            self.assertFalse(self.select(["samples/axb/file"], manifest)["has_changes"])
+
+    def test_swift_include_and_exclude_are_filtered(self):
+        matrix = {
+            "sample": ["samples/alamofire", "samples/urlsession"],
+            "os": ["macos-latest"],
+            "include": [{"sample": "samples/alamofire", "os": "ubuntu-latest"}, {"extra": True}],
+            "exclude": [{"sample": "samples/alamofire", "os": "macos-latest"}],
+        }
+        result = self.select(["samples/urlsession/file"], policy(matrix))
+        self.assertEqual(result["matrix"]["sample"], ["samples/urlsession"])
+        self.assertEqual(result["matrix"]["include"], [{"extra": True}])
+        self.assertEqual(result["matrix"]["exclude"], [])
+        self.assertEqual(matrix["sample"], ["samples/alamofire", "samples/urlsession"])
+
+    def test_include_only_sample_does_not_expand_other_axes(self):
+        matrix = {
+            "sample": ["samples/a"], "os": ["macos-latest"],
+            "include": [{"sample": "samples/b", "os": "ubuntu-latest", "runtime": 17}],
+        }
+        result = self.select(["samples/b/test"], policy(matrix))
+        self.assertEqual(result["matrix"], {"include": matrix["include"]})
+        self.assertEqual(result["samples"], ["samples/b"])
+        only = {"include": [{"sample": "samples/a", "os": "linux"}, {"sample": "samples/b", "os": "mac"}]}
+        self.assertEqual(self.select(["samples/b/test"], policy(only))["matrix"], {
+            "include": [{"sample": "samples/b", "os": "mac"}],
+        })
+
+    def test_filtered_combinations_match_original_compatibility(self):
+        matrix = {
+            "sample": ["samples/a", "samples/b"], "os": ["linux", "mac"], "runtime": [11, 17],
+            "exclude": [{"sample": "samples/a", "os": "mac", "runtime": 11}],
+            "include": [
+                {"coverage": True},
+                {"sample": "samples/a", "os": "windows", "runtime": 17},
+                {"sample": "samples/c", "os": "linux", "runtime": 21},
+            ],
+        }
+        original = selector.expand_matrix(matrix)
+        for samples in [["samples/a"], ["samples/b"], ["samples/c"], ["samples/a", "samples/c"]]:
+            with self.subTest(samples=samples):
+                result = self.select([sample + "/test" for sample in samples], policy(matrix))
+                expected = [row for row in original if row["sample"] in samples]
+                self.assertFalse(result["run_all"])
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    selector.combination_counts(selector.expand_matrix(result["matrix"])),
+                    selector.combination_counts(expected),
+                )
+
+    def test_completely_excluded_sample_has_no_jobs(self):
+        matrix = {"sample": ["samples/a", "samples/b"], "exclude": [{"sample": "samples/a"}]}
+        self.assertFalse(self.select(["samples/a/test"], policy(matrix))["has_changes"])
+
+    def test_unbound_include_row_falls_back_instead_of_inventing_jobs(self):
+        matrix = {
+            "sample": ["samples/a", "samples/b"], "os": ["mac"],
+            "include": [{"os": "windows"}],
+        }
+        result = self.select(["samples/a/test"], policy(matrix))
+        self.assertTrue(result["run_all"])
+        self.assertIn("combinations", result["reasons"][0])
+
+    def test_full_mode_preserves_original_exactly(self):
+        matrix = {"sample": ["samples/a/"], "include": [{"sample": "samples/b", "os": "linux"}], "exclude": []}
+        result = self.select(None, policy(matrix), full_reason="forced")
+        self.assertEqual(result["matrix"], matrix)
+        self.assertEqual(result["samples"], ["samples/a/", "samples/b"])
+        result["matrix"]["sample"].append("not in policy")
+        self.assertEqual(matrix["sample"], ["samples/a/"])
+
+    def test_runtime_only_and_matrixless_scopes(self):
+        manifest = policy({"python": ["3.10", "3.11"]}, paths=["samples/legacy"])
+        self.assertTrue(self.select(["samples/legacy/test"], manifest)["run_all"])
+        self.assertFalse(self.select(["samples/other/test"], manifest)["has_changes"])
+        del manifest["suites"]["example.build"]["matrix"]
+        self.assertEqual(self.select(["samples/legacy/test"], manifest)["matrix"], {})
+
+    def test_circle_scope_without_workflow_and_manifest_metadata(self):
+        manifest = policy(paths=["CI/circle_parallel.sh"])
+        del manifest["suites"]["example.build"]["workflow"]
+        manifest["notes"] = ["baseline ownership"]
+        manifest["exclusions"] = [{"path": "samples/unsupported", "reason": "no runnable workflow"}]
+        self.assertTrue(self.select(["CI/circle_parallel.sh"], manifest)["run_all"])
+        self.assertEqual(self.select(["samples/a/test"], manifest)["samples"], ["samples/a/"])
+        self.assertFalse(self.select(["README.md"], manifest)["has_changes"])
+
+    def test_shadow_executes_full_with_filtered_diagnostics(self):
+        result = self.select(["samples/a/test"], mode="shadow")
+        self.assertTrue(result["run_all"])
+        self.assertEqual(result["samples"], ["samples/a/", "samples/b"])
+        self.assertEqual(result["proposed_selection"]["samples"], ["samples/a/"])
+        result = self.select([], mode="shadow")
+        self.assertTrue(result["has_changes"])
+        self.assertFalse(result["proposed_selection"]["has_changes"])
+
+    def test_shadow_historical_paths_avoid_unrelated_workflow_runs(self):
+        manifest = policy(shadow_paths=["samples/legacy/**"])
+        result = self.select(["docs/guide.md"], manifest, mode="shadow")
+        self.assertFalse(result["has_changes"])
+        self.assertFalse(result["run_all"])
+        self.assertEqual(result["matrix"], {"include": []})
+        self.assertFalse(result["proposed_selection"]["has_changes"])
+        for path in ("samples/legacy/old-trigger", "samples/a/new-owner"):
+            with self.subTest(path=path):
+                result = self.select([path], manifest, mode="shadow")
+                self.assertTrue(result["has_changes"])
+                self.assertTrue(result["run_all"])
+                self.assertEqual(result["samples"], ["samples/a/", "samples/b"])
+        result = self.select(["samples/legacy/old-trigger"], manifest, mode="shadow")
+        self.assertFalse(result["proposed_selection"]["has_changes"])
+
+    def test_shadow_shared_changes_and_uncertainty_always_run_full(self):
+        manifest = policy(shadow_paths=["samples/legacy/**"], shared_paths=["root-build.xml"])
+        for path in ("root-build.xml", ".github/workflows/example.yaml", "CI/select_changes.py"):
+            with self.subTest(path=path):
+                self.assertTrue(self.select([path], manifest, mode="shadow")["run_all"])
+        for reason in ("diff uncertainty: missing history", "non-PR event", "explicit full-run override"):
+            with self.subTest(reason=reason):
+                result = self.select(None, manifest, full_reason=reason, mode="shadow")
+                self.assertTrue(result["has_changes"])
+                self.assertTrue(result["run_all"])
+        self.assertTrue(self.select(["docs/guide.md"], policy(shadow_paths=["**"]), mode="shadow")["run_all"])
+        self.assertFalse(self.select(["docs/guide.md"], manifest, mode="enforce")["has_changes"])
+
+    def test_invalid_config_fails_instead_of_running_full(self):
+        bad = [
+            {"version": 2, "suites": {}},
+            policy({"sample": ["../outside"]}),
+            policy({"sample": "samples/a"}),
+            policy({"sample": ["samples/a"], "os": [{"nested": "unsupported"}]}),
+            policy({"sample": ["samples/a"], "exclude": [{"unknown": "value"}]}),
+            policy(paths=["/absolute"]),
+            policy(shared_paths=["C:\\absolute"]),
+            policy(shared_paths=["bin/[a-z].sh"]),
+            policy(shared_paths="bin/**"),
+            policy(shadow_paths="samples/**"),
+            policy(discovery="unknown"),
+            policy(discovery="typescript"),
+        ]
+        for manifest in bad:
+            with self.subTest(manifest=manifest), self.assertRaises(selector.ConfigError):
+                self.select(None, manifest, full_reason="forced")
+        with self.assertRaises(selector.ConfigError):
+            selector.select_changes(policy(), "unknown", [])
+        with self.assertRaises(selector.ConfigError):
+            self.select(None)
+        with self.assertRaises(selector.ConfigError):
+            self.select([], mode="wrong")
+
+    def test_outputs_escape_newlines_and_keep_json_types(self):
+        stream = io.StringIO()
+        result = self.select(["samples/a/new\nline"])
+        result["reasons"] = ["untrusted\nhas_changes=false"]
+        with mock.patch("builtins.open", mock.mock_open()) as opened, mock.patch("sys.stdout", stream):
+            selector.emit_outputs(result, "outputs")
+        lines = "".join(call.args[0] for call in opened().write.call_args_list).splitlines()
+        values = {key: json.loads(value) for key, value in (line.split("=", 1) for line in lines)}
+        self.assertEqual(values, result)
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(stream.getvalue()), result)
+
+    def test_provider_non_pr_and_force_override(self):
+        for provider, env in [("github", {"GITHUB_EVENT_NAME": "push"}), ("github", {"GITHUB_EVENT_NAME": "workflow_dispatch"}), ("circleci", {})]:
+            self.assertIsNone(selector.resolve_changes(provider, env)[0])
+        with mock.patch.object(selector, "load_manifest", return_value=policy()), \
+                mock.patch.object(selector, "resolve_changes") as resolve, \
+                mock.patch.object(selector, "validate_targets"), \
+                mock.patch.object(selector, "emit_outputs") as emit, \
+                mock.patch.dict(os.environ, {"CI_FORCE_FULL": "true"}, clear=True):
+            self.assertEqual(selector.main(["--suite", "example.build"]), 0)
+            resolve.assert_not_called()
+            self.assertTrue(emit.call_args.args[0]["run_all"])
+
+    def test_invalid_event_and_invalid_manifest_visible(self):
+        paths, reason = selector.resolve_changes("github", {"GITHUB_EVENT_NAME": "pull_request"})
+        self.assertIsNone(paths)
+        self.assertIn("diff uncertainty", reason)
+        with mock.patch.object(selector, "load_manifest", side_effect=selector.ConfigError("bad policy")), \
+                mock.patch("sys.stderr", io.StringIO()) as stderr:
+            self.assertEqual(selector.main(["--suite", "example.build"]), 2)
+            self.assertIn("bad policy", stderr.getvalue())
+
+
+class GitTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        # Keep all synthetic repositories inside the checkout, never system temp.
+        self.directory = ROOT / "CI" / "tests" / (".selector-test-" + uuid.uuid4().hex)
+        self.directory.mkdir()
+        self.addCleanup(self.remove_repository)
+        self.repo = self.directory / "repo"
+        self.repo.mkdir()
+        self.run_git("init", "--quiet")
+        self.run_git("config", "user.email", "ci-tests@example.invalid")
+        self.run_git("config", "user.name", "CI tests")
+        self.run_git("config", "core.autocrlf", "false")
+        self.write("README.md", "initial\n")
+        self.base = self.commit("initial")
+        self.git = selector.Git(self.repo)
+
+    def remove_repository(self):
+        def writable_retry(function, path, exc_info):
+            os.chmod(path, stat.S_IWRITE)
+            function(path)
+        shutil.rmtree(self.directory, onerror=writable_retry)
+
+    def run_git(self, *args, cwd=None):
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            ["git", *args], cwd=cwd or self.repo, check=True,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+        )
+        return result.stdout.decode("utf-8").strip()
+
+    def write(self, name, content="content\n"):
+        path = self.repo / name
+        path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        path.write_text(content, encoding="utf-8")
+
+    def commit(self, message):
+        self.run_git("add", "--all")
+        self.run_git("commit", "--quiet", "-m", message)
+        return self.run_git("rev-parse", "HEAD")
+
+    def test_cumulative_multiple_commits_and_no_net_changes(self):
+        self.write("samples/a/first")
+        first = self.commit("first PR commit")
+        self.write("samples/b/second")
+        head = self.commit("second PR commit")
+        self.assertEqual(selector.pr_changes(self.git, self.base, head), ["samples/a/first", "samples/b/second"])
+        self.run_git("revert", "--no-edit", head)
+        head = self.run_git("rev-parse", "HEAD")
+        self.assertEqual(selector.pr_changes(self.git, self.base, head), ["samples/a/first"])
+        self.run_git("revert", "--no-edit", first)
+        head = self.run_git("rev-parse", "HEAD")
+        self.assertEqual(selector.pr_changes(self.git, self.base, head), [])
+
+    def test_base_advancement_is_not_pr_change(self):
+        self.run_git("checkout", "-q", "-b", "pr")
+        self.write("samples/a/pr")
+        head = self.commit("PR")
+        self.run_git("checkout", "-q", "-b", "base-advanced", self.base)
+        self.write("samples/b/base")
+        advanced = self.commit("base advanced")
+        self.run_git("checkout", "-q", "pr")
+        self.assertEqual(selector.pr_changes(self.git, advanced, head), ["samples/a/pr"])
+
+    def test_verified_merge_includes_merge_only_effects(self):
+        self.write("samples/a/pr")
+        head = self.commit("PR with unicode \u2603")
+        self.run_git("checkout", "-q", "-b", "advanced", self.base)
+        self.write("samples/b/base")
+        advanced = self.commit("base")
+        self.run_git("merge", "--no-ff", "--no-commit", head)
+        self.write("samples/c/merge-only")
+        merge = self.commit("synthetic merge")
+        self.assertEqual(selector.pr_changes(self.git, advanced, head, merge, True), [
+            "samples/a/pr", "samples/c/merge-only",
+        ])
+        with self.assertRaises(selector.DiffUncertain):
+            selector.pr_changes(self.git, self.base, head, merge, True)
+
+    def test_rename_deletion_and_mode_changes(self):
+        self.write("samples/a/old.txt")
+        self.write("samples/a/deleted.txt")
+        self.write("samples/a/script.sh")
+        base = self.commit("fixtures")
+        self.run_git("mv", "samples/a/old.txt", "samples/a/new [odd] 'name.txt")
+        self.run_git("rm", "samples/a/deleted.txt")
+        self.run_git("update-index", "--chmod=+x", "samples/a/script.sh")
+        self.run_git("commit", "-q", "-m", "rename delete chmod")
+        head = self.run_git("rev-parse", "HEAD")
+        self.assertEqual(selector.pr_changes(self.git, base, head), [
+            "samples/a/deleted.txt", "samples/a/new [odd] 'name.txt", "samples/a/old.txt", "samples/a/script.sh",
+        ])
+
+    def test_nul_parser_handles_newlines_and_non_utf8(self):
+        with mock.patch.object(self.git, "run", return_value=b"samples/a/line\nbreak\0samples/a/\xff\0"):
+            self.assertEqual(self.git.diff(self.base, self.base), {
+                "samples/a/line\nbreak", "samples/a/\udcff",
+            })
+        with mock.patch.object(self.git, "run", return_value=b"unterminated"), self.assertRaises(selector.DiffUncertain):
+            self.git.diff(self.base, self.base)
+
+    def test_more_than_api_limit_of_changed_files(self):
+        for number in range(305):
+            self.write(f"samples/a/{number}.txt")
+        head = self.commit("large PR")
+        self.assertEqual(len(selector.pr_changes(self.git, self.base, head)), 305)
+
+    def test_missing_history_and_checkout_mismatch_are_full(self):
+        env = {"CI_IS_PR": "true", "CI_BASE_SHA": "0" * 40, "CI_HEAD_SHA": self.base}
+        changes, reason = selector.resolve_changes("circleci", env, self.repo)
+        self.assertIsNone(changes)
+        self.assertIn("diff uncertainty", reason)
+        self.write("samples/a/pr")
+        head = self.commit("PR")
+        env.update(CI_BASE_SHA=self.base, CI_HEAD_SHA=head, CIRCLE_SHA1=self.base)
+        changes, reason = selector.resolve_changes("circleci", env, self.repo)
+        self.assertIsNone(changes)
+        self.assertIn("checkout", reason)
+        env["CIRCLE_SHA1"] = head
+        self.assertEqual(selector.resolve_changes("circleci", env, self.repo), (["samples/a/pr"], None))
+        env["CI_BASE_SHA"] = "--upload-pack=malicious"
+        self.assertIn("invalid full commit SHA", selector.resolve_changes("circleci", env, self.repo)[1])
+
+    def test_github_event_uses_verified_head_and_event_checkout(self):
+        self.write("samples/a/pr")
+        head = self.commit("PR")
+        event = self.directory / "event.json"
+        event.write_text(json.dumps({"pull_request": {"base": {"sha": self.base}, "head": {"sha": head}}}), encoding="utf-8")
+        env = {"GITHUB_EVENT_NAME": "pull_request", "GITHUB_EVENT_PATH": str(event), "GITHUB_SHA": head}
+        self.assertEqual(selector.resolve_changes("github", env, self.repo), (["samples/a/pr"], None))
+        env["GITHUB_SHA"] = self.base
+        self.assertIsNone(selector.resolve_changes("github", env, self.repo)[0])
+
+    def test_shallow_checkout_fetches_exact_history(self):
+        self.write("samples/a/first")
+        self.commit("first PR commit")
+        self.write("samples/b/last")
+        head = self.commit("last PR commit")
+        clone = self.directory / "shallow"
+        self.run_git("clone", "--quiet", "--depth=1", self.repo.as_uri(), str(clone))
+        self.assertEqual(self.run_git("rev-parse", "--is-shallow-repository", cwd=clone), "true")
+        self.assertEqual(selector.pr_changes(selector.Git(clone), self.base, head), [
+            "samples/a/first", "samples/b/last",
+        ])
+
+    def test_disconnected_history_does_not_guess(self):
+        self.run_git("checkout", "--orphan", "disconnected")
+        self.run_git("rm", "-rf", ".")
+        self.write("samples/a/new-root")
+        head = self.commit("unrelated history")
+        with self.assertRaises(selector.DiffUncertain):
+            selector.pr_changes(self.git, self.base, head)
+
+    def test_only_executed_sample_directories_must_exist(self):
+        self.write("samples/a/test")
+        selected = selector.select_changes(policy(), "example.build", ["samples/a/test"])
+        selector.validate_targets(selected, self.repo)
+        skipped = selector.select_changes(policy(), "example.build", [])
+        selector.validate_targets(skipped, self.repo)
+        for mode in ("enforce", "shadow"):
+            result = selector.select_changes(policy(), "example.build", ["samples/b/deleted"], mode=mode)
+            with self.assertRaisesRegex(selector.ConfigError, "update ownership"):
+                selector.validate_targets(result, self.repo)
+        full = selector.select_changes(policy(), "example.build", full_reason="forced")
+        with self.assertRaises(selector.ConfigError):
+            selector.validate_targets(full, self.repo)
+
+    def test_typescript_discovery_tracks_new_eligible_roots(self):
+        for root in ("samples/typescript/a", "samples/other-ts/b [literal]", "samples/not-eligible"):
+            self.write(root + "/tsconfig.json", "{}")
+            self.write(root + "/package.json", "{}")
+        for root in ("samples/typescript/a", "samples/other-ts/b [literal]"):
+            self.write(root + "/.openapi-generator-ignore")
+        self.commit("tracked TypeScript roots")
+        self.write("samples/not-eligible/.openapi-generator-ignore")
+        for name in ("tsconfig.json", "package.json", ".openapi-generator-ignore"):
+            self.write("samples/untracked/" + name)
+        self.assertEqual(selector.discover_typescript_samples(self.repo), [
+            "samples/other-ts/b [literal]", "samples/typescript/a",
+        ])
+        self.run_git("add", "samples/not-eligible/.openapi-generator-ignore")
+        self.assertIn("samples/not-eligible", selector.discover_typescript_samples(self.repo))
+
+    def test_typescript_selection_retains_runtime_only_matrix(self):
+        for root in ("samples/ts/a", "samples/ts/b"):
+            for name in ("tsconfig.json", "package.json", ".openapi-generator-ignore"):
+                self.write(root + "/" + name)
+        self.commit("TypeScript samples")
+        manifest = policy({"node-version": [20]}, discovery="typescript")
+        result = selector.select_changes(manifest, "example.build", ["samples/ts/a/test"], cwd=self.repo)
+        self.assertEqual(result["samples"], ["samples/ts/a"])
+        self.assertEqual(result["matrix"], {"node-version": [20]})
+        self.assertFalse(result["run_all"])
+        skipped = selector.select_changes(manifest, "example.build", ["README.md"], cwd=self.repo)
+        self.assertFalse(skipped["has_changes"])
+        self.assertEqual(skipped["matrix"], {"include": []})
+        for kwargs in ({"full_reason": "forced"}, {"changed_paths": [], "mode": "shadow"}):
+            full = selector.select_changes(manifest, "example.build", cwd=self.repo, **kwargs)
+            self.assertEqual(full["samples"], ["samples/ts/a", "samples/ts/b"])
+            self.assertEqual(full["matrix"], {"node-version": [20]})
+            self.assertTrue(full["run_all"])
+
+    def test_typescript_discovery_failure_cannot_silently_skip(self):
+        manifest = policy({"node-version": [20]}, discovery="typescript")
+        with mock.patch.object(selector.Git, "run", side_effect=selector.DiffUncertain("git unavailable")):
+            with self.assertRaisesRegex(selector.ConfigError, "cannot discover"):
+                selector.select_changes(manifest, "example.build", [], cwd=self.repo)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/CI/tests/test_typescript_selection.py b/CI/tests/test_typescript_selection.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1b9f735133ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CI/tests/test_typescript_selection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+import json
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import tempfile
+import unittest
+
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
+BASH = os.environ.get("CI_TEST_BASH") or shutil.which("bash")
+
+
+def git_environment():
+    environment = dict(os.environ)
+    count = int(environment.pop("GIT_CONFIG_COUNT", "0"))
+    for index in range(count):
+        environment.pop(f"GIT_CONFIG_KEY_{index}", None)
+        environment.pop(f"GIT_CONFIG_VALUE_{index}", None)
+    return environment
+
+
+@unittest.skipUnless(BASH and shutil.which("node") and shutil.which("git"),
+                     "TypeScript selection requires the existing Bash, Node and Git runtimes")
+class TypeScriptSelectionTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.temp = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()
+        self.addCleanup(self.temp.cleanup)
+        self.root = Path(self.temp.name)
+        subprocess.run(["git", "init", "--quiet", str(self.root)], check=True, env=git_environment())
+        for sample in ("first sample", "second"):
+            directory = self.root / "samples" / sample
+            directory.mkdir(parents=True)
+            for filename, content in (("tsconfig.json", "{}"), ("package.json", "{}"),
+                                      (".openapi-generator-ignore", "")):
+                (directory / filename).write_text(content, encoding="utf-8")
+        subprocess.run(["git", "add", "samples"], cwd=self.root, check=True, env=git_environment())
+        self.tools = self.root / "tools"
+        self.tools.mkdir()
+        npm = self.tools / "npm"
+        npm.write_text('#!/bin/sh\nprintf "%s\\n" "$PWD" >> "$CI_NPM_CALLS"\n', encoding="utf-8")
+        npm.chmod(0o755)
+        self.calls = self.root / "calls"
+
+    def run_script(self, *args):
+        environment = git_environment()
+        environment["PATH"] = str(self.tools) + os.pathsep + environment["PATH"]
+        environment["CI_NPM_CALLS"] = self.calls.as_posix()
+        return subprocess.run([BASH, str(ROOT / "bin" / "ts-typecheck-all.sh"), *args],
+                              cwd=self.root, env=environment, text=True, capture_output=True)
+
+    def test_empty_selection_does_not_install_or_typecheck(self):
+        result = self.run_script("--samples-json", "[]")
+        self.assertEqual(result.returncode, 0, result.stderr)
+        self.assertFalse(self.calls.exists())
+
+    def test_selected_directory_preserves_spaces(self):
+        result = self.run_script("--samples-json", json.dumps(["samples/first sample"]))
+        self.assertEqual(result.returncode, 0, result.stderr)
+        calls = self.calls.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines()
+        self.assertEqual(len(calls), 2)
+        self.assertTrue(all(call.endswith("/samples/first sample") for call in calls), calls)
+
+    def test_default_still_discovers_all_samples(self):
+        result = self.run_script()
+        self.assertEqual(result.returncode, 0, result.stderr)
+        calls = self.calls.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines()
+        self.assertEqual(len(calls), 4)
+        self.assertTrue(any(call.endswith("/samples/second") for call in calls))
+
+    def test_default_preserves_existing_metadata_presence_rule(self):
+        directory = self.root / "samples" / "new"
+        directory.mkdir()
+        (directory / "tsconfig.json").write_text("{}", encoding="utf-8")
+        subprocess.run(["git", "add", "samples/new/tsconfig.json"], cwd=self.root, check=True,
+                       env=git_environment())
+        (directory / "package.json").write_text("{}", encoding="utf-8")
+        (directory / ".openapi-generator-ignore").write_text("", encoding="utf-8")
+        result = self.run_script()
+        self.assertEqual(result.returncode, 0, result.stderr)
+        calls = self.calls.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines()
+        self.assertEqual(len(calls), 6)
+        self.assertTrue(any(call.endswith("/samples/new") for call in calls))
+
+    def test_invalid_selection_fails_before_npm(self):
+        for value in ('["samples/missing"]', '{"sample":"samples/second"}', 'not-json'):
+            with self.subTest(value=value):
+                result = self.run_script("--samples-json", value)
+                self.assertNotEqual(result.returncode, 0)
+                self.assertFalse(self.calls.exists())
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index 695a8d95a02d..d4c049a9bc31 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -123,6 +123,53 @@ To start the CI tests, you can:
 
 See [OpenAPI Tools wiki](https://github.com/OpenAPITools/openapi-generator/wiki/Integration-Tests) for more information about the integration tests.
 
+### Change-aware CI
+
+Repository test workflows use `CI/change-scopes.json` to select affected suites on pull requests.
+Changes to a sample's source, tests, build files, or generated metadata count as relevant; CI does not
+normalize whitespace or attempt semantic equivalence. Shared build/test inputs select all their
+consumers. Generator changes still run generator tests and generated-output freshness checks even
+when checked-in samples are unchanged. Selected jobs keep their existing clean builds and runtime
+coverage.
+
+The rollout defaults to **shadow** mode: compute and report the proposed selection, but keep the
+full matrix within an affected sample workflow. Historical workflow paths are recorded as
+`shadow_paths`: they preserve existing workflow-level coverage, while newly declared dependencies
+can select additional workflows. Unrelated sample workflows do not start expensive jobs merely
+because shadow mode is enabled. Core/platform jobs without these historical path bounds still run
+in full during shadow rollout. Maintainers can set the repository variable `CI_SELECTION_MODE_PILOT=enforce` for the
+Spring, Python Petstore, Swift, and Go pilot workflows, then set `CI_SELECTION_MODE=enforce` for the
+remaining migrated GitHub workflows after reviewing hosted results and required checks. Set these
+variables back to `shadow` to disable skipping. Workflow dispatch and master/release-branch pushes
+always run the full applicable suite. CircleCI has independent `selection_mode` and `force_full`
+pipeline parameters and also defaults to shadow mode.
+
+Add or update the appropriate suite when registering a new sample or changing shared dependencies.
+The manifest owns sample matrices, including runtime axes and special `include` rows; do not add a
+second static matrix to the workflow. Register inputs outside the sample directory, such as a sibling
+package installed through an npm `file:` dependency. Samples without a runnable CI suite need an
+exact-root exclusion with an explanation; existing exclusions record pre-selection coverage, not
+an assertion that those samples are tested. Generated-output freshness is separate from compilation.
+The TypeScript typecheck suite discovers eligible tracked samples rather than maintaining another list.
+
+The Misc tests workflow checks ownership and runs the selector's focused regression suite. These
+checks can also be run locally without building the generator:
+
+```shell
+node .github/.test/ci-scopes.js
+python3 -m unittest discover -s CI/tests -p 'test_*.py'
+```
+
+Selection summaries explain which inputs selected each suite and when comparison uncertainty forced
+a full run. Missing PR history never means "no changes". A failed selector or policy check must be
+treated as a failure, not as an intentional skip; include the selector/policy checks in repository
+rulesets before enabling enforcement. Test-report publication distinguishes intentional unit-test
+skips from missing results after an executed job.
+
+Filtering compares the cumulative PR change, not the last commit or a previous successful CI run.
+It does not cache successful test results across runs. Full branch/manual runs remain important for
+detecting changes in external dependencies and services that are not reflected in a repository diff.
+
 ### Tips
 - Smaller changes are easier to review
 - [Optional] For bug fixes, provide a OpenAPI Spec to repeat the issue so that the reviewer can use it to confirm the fix
diff --git a/bin/ts-typecheck-all.sh b/bin/ts-typecheck-all.sh
index 8fb2e33ab6b8..66969ac48e81 100755
--- a/bin/ts-typecheck-all.sh
+++ b/bin/ts-typecheck-all.sh
@@ -25,16 +25,37 @@ main() {
     local root_dir
     root_dir=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)
     local dir
+    local selection_file
+    selection_file=$(mktemp)
+    trap 'rm -f -- "$selection_file"' EXIT
 
-    for dir in $(git ls-files samples | grep 'tsconfig.json$' | xargs -n1 dirname | sort -u); do
-        if [[ ! -f "${root_dir}/${dir}/.openapi-generator-ignore" ]]; then
-            # This is not a generated sample; skip it
-            continue
-        fi
-        if [[ ! -f "${root_dir}/${dir}/package.json" ]]; then
-            # we can't really guarantee that all dependencies are there to do a typecheck...
-            continue            
-        fi
+    node - "$root_dir" "$@" > "$selection_file" <<'NODE'
+const {execFileSync} = require('child_process');
+const fs = require('fs');
+const nativePath = require('path');
+const path = require('path').posix;
+const [root, ...args] = process.argv.slice(2);
+const tracked = new Set(execFileSync('git', ['ls-files', '-z', '--', 'samples'], {
+    cwd: root, encoding: 'utf8', maxBuffer: 32 * 1024 * 1024
+}).split('\0').filter(Boolean));
+const eligible = new Set([...tracked].filter(file => file.endsWith('/tsconfig.json'))
+    .map(file => path.dirname(file))
+    .filter(dir => fs.existsSync(nativePath.join(root, dir, '.openapi-generator-ignore')) &&
+        fs.existsSync(nativePath.join(root, dir, 'package.json'))));
+let selected = [...eligible].sort();
+if (args.length) {
+    if (args.length !== 2 || args[0] !== '--samples-json') {
+        throw new Error('Usage: ts-typecheck-all.sh [--samples-json \'["sample/path"]\']');
+    }
+    selected = JSON.parse(args[1]);
+    if (!Array.isArray(selected) || selected.some(dir => typeof dir !== 'string' || !eligible.has(dir))) {
+        throw new Error('Selection must contain only eligible tracked TypeScript sample directories');
+    }
+}
+for (const dir of new Set(selected)) process.stdout.write(`${dir}\0`);
+NODE
+
+    while IFS= read -r -d '' dir; do
         log "➤ ${dir}"
         pushd "${root_dir}/${dir}" > /dev/null
         npm_install \
@@ -43,7 +64,9 @@ main() {
         log "✓ ${dir}"
         log
         popd > /dev/null
-    done
+    done < "$selection_file"
+    rm -f -- "$selection_file"
+    trap - EXIT
 }
 
 main "$@"
diff --git a/docs/contributing.md b/docs/contributing.md
index 2b7f268aefbb..e5ebea30beeb 100644
--- a/docs/contributing.md
+++ b/docs/contributing.md
@@ -127,6 +127,49 @@ To start the CI tests, you can:
 
 See [OpenAPI Tools wiki](https://github.com/OpenAPITools/openapi-generator/wiki/Integration-Tests) for more information about the integration tests.
 
+### Change-aware CI
+
+Repository test workflows use `CI/change-scopes.json` to select affected suites on pull requests.
+Changes to a sample's source, tests, build files, or generated metadata count as relevant; CI does not
+normalize whitespace or attempt semantic equivalence. Shared build/test inputs select all their
+consumers. Generator changes still run generator tests and generated-output freshness checks even
+when checked-in samples are unchanged. Selected jobs keep their existing clean builds and runtime
+coverage.
+
+The rollout defaults to **shadow** mode: compute and report the proposed selection, but execute the
+full suite. Maintainers can set the repository variable `CI_SELECTION_MODE_PILOT=enforce` for the
+Spring, Python Petstore, Swift, and Go pilot workflows, then set `CI_SELECTION_MODE=enforce` for the
+remaining migrated GitHub workflows after reviewing hosted results and required checks. Set these
+variables back to `shadow` to disable skipping. Workflow dispatch and master/release-branch pushes
+always run the full applicable suite. CircleCI has independent `selection_mode` and `force_full`
+pipeline parameters and also defaults to shadow mode.
+
+Add or update the appropriate suite when registering a new sample or changing shared dependencies.
+The manifest owns sample matrices, including runtime axes and special `include` rows; do not add a
+second static matrix to the workflow. Register inputs outside the sample directory, such as a sibling
+package installed through an npm `file:` dependency. Samples without a runnable CI suite need an
+exact-root exclusion with an explanation; existing exclusions record pre-selection coverage, not
+an assertion that those samples are tested. Generated-output freshness is separate from compilation.
+The TypeScript typecheck suite discovers eligible tracked samples rather than maintaining another list.
+
+The Misc tests workflow checks ownership and runs the selector's focused regression suite. These
+checks can also be run locally without building the generator:
+
+```shell
+node .github/.test/ci-scopes.js
+python3 -m unittest discover -s CI/tests -p 'test_*.py'
+```
+
+Selection summaries explain which inputs selected each suite and when comparison uncertainty forced
+a full run. Missing PR history never means "no changes". A failed selector or policy check must be
+treated as a failure, not as an intentional skip; include the selector/policy checks in repository
+rulesets before enabling enforcement. Test-report publication distinguishes intentional unit-test
+skips from missing results after an executed job.
+
+Filtering compares the cumulative PR change, not the last commit or a previous successful CI run.
+It does not cache successful test results across runs. Full branch/manual runs remain important for
+detecting changes in external dependencies and services that are not reflected in a repository diff.
+
 ### Tips
 - Smaller changes are easier to review
 - [Optional] For bug fixes, provide a OpenAPI Spec to repeat the issue so that the reviewer can use it to confirm the fix