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Merge pull request #290 from habibasorour/issue_286_listing
Issue 286: 5.1 listing added
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‎source/ch5_loopsanditeration.ptx‎

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</p>
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<p><idx><c>for</c> loop</idx>
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A <term>definite loop</term> is a loop that is executed a specific or definite number of times. In Python, the easiest way to write a definite loop is using the <c>for</c> loop in conjunction with the <c>range</c> function.
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For example:
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<idx>definite loop</idx>
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A <term>definite loop</term>, also known as a <term><c>for</c> loop</term>, is a loop that is executed for a specific or <em>definite</em> number of times. In Python, the easiest way to write a definite loop is using the <c>for</c> loop structure in conjunction with the <c>range</c> function. <xref ref="python-range-options" text="type-global"/> shows the syntax for the <c>range</c> function.
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</p>
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<program xml:id="python-definite-loop" interactive="activecode" language="python">
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<listing xml:id="python-definite-loop">
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<program interactive="activecode" language="python">
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<code>
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for i in range(10): # range(10) is a list of integers from 0 to 9
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print(i)
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</code>
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</program>
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</listing>
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<p>
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In Java, we would write this as:
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<xref ref="java-definite-loop" text="type-global"/> shows how the <c>for</c> loop is written in Java.
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</p>
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<program xml:id="pjava-definite-loop" interactive="activecode" language="java">
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<listing xml:id="java-definite-loop">
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<program interactive="activecode" language="java">
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<code>
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public class DefiniteLoopExample {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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}
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</code>
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</program>
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</listing>
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<p>
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Recall that the <c>range</c> function provides you with a wide variety of options for controlling the value of the loop variable.
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Recall that the <c>range</c> function provides you with a wide variety of options for controlling the value of the loop variable as shown in <xref ref="python-range-options" text="type-global"/>.
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</p>
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<pre>
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<listing xml:id="python-range-options">
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<program>
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<code>
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range(stop)
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range(start,stop)
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range(start,stop,step)
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</pre>
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</code>
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</program>
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</listing>
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<p>
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The Java <c>for</c> loop is really analogous to the last option giving you explicit control over the starting, stopping, and stepping in the three clauses inside the parenthesis.
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You can think of it this way:
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The Java <c>for</c> loop is really analogous to the last option giving you explicit control over the starting, stopping, and stepping in the three clauses inside the parenthesis.
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<xref ref="java-for-loop-syntax" text="type-global"/> shows how the Java <c>for</c> loop is written.
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</p>
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<pre>
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<listing xml:id="java-for-loop-syntax">
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<program>
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<code>
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for (start clause; stop clause; step clause) {
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statement1
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statement2
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...
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}
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</pre>
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</code>
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</program>
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</listing>
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<p>
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If you want to start at 100, stop at 0 and count backward by 5, the Python loop would be written as:
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If you want to start at 100, stop at 0 and count backward by 5, <xref ref="python-definite-decrement" text="type-global"/> shows how the Python <c>for</c> loop is written.
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</p>
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<program xml:id="python-deinite-decrement" interactive="activecode" language="python">
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<listing xml:id="python-definite-decrement">
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<program interactive="activecode" language="python">
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<code>
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for i in range(100, -1, -5): # start at 100, stop at 0, decrement by 5
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print(i)
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</code>
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</program>
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</listing>
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<p>
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In Java, we would write this as:
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<xref ref="java-definite-decrement" text="type-global"/> shows how the <c>for</c> loop is written in Java.
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</p>
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<program xml:id="java-definite-decrement" interactive="activecode" language="java">
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<listing xml:id="java-definite-decrement">
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<program interactive="activecode" language="java">
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<code>
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public class DefiniteLoopBackward {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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}
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</code>
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</program>
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</listing>
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<p>
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In Python, the <c>for</c> loop can also iterate over any sequence such as a list, a string, or a tuple.
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Java also provides a variation of its <c>for</c> loop that provides the same functionality in its so-called for each loop.
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</p>
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<p>
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In Python, we can iterate over a list as follows:
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<xref ref="python-list-iteration" text="type-global"/> shows how the <c>for</c> loop can be used to iterate over a list in Python.
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</p>
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<program xml:id="python-list-iteration" interactive="activecode" language="python">
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<listing xml:id="python-list-iteration">
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<program interactive="activecode" language="python">
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<code>
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l = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21] # create a list of integers
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for fib in l: # iterate over the list
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print(fib)
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</code>
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</program>
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</listing>
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<p>
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In Java we can iterate over an <c>ArrayList</c> of integers too. Note that this requires importing the <c>ArrayList</c> class.
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<xref ref="java-list-iteration" text="type-global"/> shows how the <c>for</c> loop can be used to iterate over an <c>ArrayList</c> of integers in Java.
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</p>
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<program xml:id="java-list-iteration" interactive="activecode" language="java">
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<listing xml:id="java-list-iteration">
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<program interactive="activecode" language="java">
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<code>
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import java.util.ArrayList;
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}
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</code>
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</program>
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</listing>
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<p>
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This example stretches the imagination a bit, and in fact points out one area where Java's primitive arrays are easier to use than an array list.
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In fact, all primitive arrays can be used in a <term>for each</term> loop.
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<xref ref="java-list-iteration" text="type-global"/> stretches the imagination a bit, and in fact points out one area where Java's primitive arrays are easier to use than an array list.
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<xref ref="java-for-each" text="type-global"/> shows how the <c>for</c> loop can be used to iterate over all elements in a primitive array in Java.
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</p>
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<program xml:id="java-for-each" interactive="activecode" language="java">
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<listing xml:id="java-for-each">
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<program interactive="activecode" language="java">
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<code>
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public class ForEachArrayExample {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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}
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</code>
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</program>
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</listing>
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<p>
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To iterate over the characters in a string in Java do the following:
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</p>
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<program xml:id="java-string-iteration" interactive="activecode" language="java">
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<xref ref="java-for-each" text="type-global"/> shows how the <c>for</c> loop can be used to iterate over all elements in a string in Java.
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</p>
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<listing xml:id="java-string-iteration">
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<program interactive="activecode" language="java">
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<code>
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public class StringIterationExample {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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}
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</code>
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</program>
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</listing>
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</section>
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</exercise>
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</reading-questions>
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</section>
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</chapter>
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</chapter>

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