[CI] Add ASF Allow list workflow

[jbampton]

A composite GitHub Action that verifies all uses: refs in a project's workflow files are on the ASF Infrastructure approved allowlist:

https://github.com/apache/infrastructure-actions/blob/main/allowlist-check/README.md

Examples here:

https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/.github/workflows/asf-allowlist-check.yml

https://github.com/apache/magpie/blob/main/.github/workflows/asf-allowlist-check.yml

refs apache/lucenenet#1289

refs apache/sedona#2892

See the allowed list:

https://github.com/apache/infrastructure-actions/blob/main/approved_patterns.yml