diff --git a/packages/contracts/src/gesture-runtime.test.ts b/packages/contracts/src/gesture-runtime.test.ts
index edec2d87e2..e2f9affea0 100644
--- a/packages/contracts/src/gesture-runtime.test.ts
+++ b/packages/contracts/src/gesture-runtime.test.ts
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ const available = { available: true } as const;
 const unavailable = { available: false, reason: 'unsupported-platform-leaf' } as const;
 
 const allAvailable = gestureRuntimeOperationFacts({
+  unsupported: unavailable,
   plan: available,
   directionalFling: available,
   multiTouch: available,
@@ -43,9 +44,10 @@ const plan: GesturePlan = {
   ],
 };
 
-test('builds the exact gesture operation fact catalog', () => {
+test('builds the exact gesture operation fact catalog for an owner that names every tier', () => {
   expect(
     gestureRuntimeOperationFacts({
+      unsupported: unavailable,
       plan: available,
       directionalFling: unavailable,
       multiTouch: unavailable,
@@ -61,6 +63,37 @@ test('builds the exact gesture operation fact catalog', () => {
   });
 });
 
+test('a tier the owner never names reports the denial the owner stated for the family, verbatim — omission is a classified refusal, never an unclassified tier and never an implied success', () => {
+  const denial = {
+    available: false,
+    reason: 'unsupported-device-kind',
+    hint: 'Gestures are supported on HarmonyOS emulators and physical devices.',
+  } as const;
+
+  expect(gestureRuntimeOperationFacts({ unsupported: denial, plan: available })).toEqual({
+    performGesturePlan: available,
+    performDirectionalFlingPlan: denial,
+    performMultiTouchGesturePlan: denial,
+    performTargetAuthoredDrag: denial,
+    gestureViewport: denial,
+  });
+});
+
+test('an owner serving no gesture tier names the family denial once and still answers with the exhaustive shape', () => {
+  const denial = { available: false, reason: 'unsupported-platform-leaf' } as const;
+
+  const facts = gestureRuntimeOperationFacts({ unsupported: denial });
+
+  expect(facts).toEqual({
+    performGesturePlan: denial,
+    performDirectionalFlingPlan: denial,
+    performMultiTouchGesturePlan: denial,
+    performTargetAuthoredDrag: denial,
+    gestureViewport: denial,
+  });
+  expect(Object.isFrozen(facts)).toBe(true);
+});
+
 test('a local binding executes the plan through the owner interactor', async () => {
   const performGesture = vi.fn(async () => ({ backend: 'adb' }));
   const resolveInteractor = vi.fn(async () => ({ performGesture }) as unknown as Interactor);
@@ -110,11 +143,9 @@ test('a binding exposes only the tiers its owner facts admitted', () => {
     device,
     signal: new AbortController().signal,
     facts: gestureRuntimeOperationFacts({
+      unsupported: unavailable,
       plan: available,
-      directionalFling: unavailable,
-      multiTouch: unavailable,
       targetAuthoredDrag: unavailable,
-      viewport: unavailable,
     }),
     resolveInteractor: async () => ({ performGesture: async () => ({}) }) as unknown as Interactor,
   });
diff --git a/packages/contracts/src/gesture-runtime.ts b/packages/contracts/src/gesture-runtime.ts
index eded5e3225..589cf9b0f9 100644
--- a/packages/contracts/src/gesture-runtime.ts
+++ b/packages/contracts/src/gesture-runtime.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import {
   type ProviderInteractorOperationResolver,
 } from './interactor-operation-binding.ts';
 import type { Interactor, RunnerContext } from './interactor-types.ts';
-import type { RuntimeOperationFact } from './platform-runtime.ts';
+import type { RuntimeOperationFact, RuntimeOperationUnavailability } from './platform-runtime.ts';
 import { invalidRuntimeContract } from './runtime-contract-error.ts';
 import type { SnapshotRuntimeExecution } from './snapshot-runtime.ts';
 
@@ -70,22 +70,38 @@ export type GestureRuntimeOperationFacts = Readonly<{
   gestureViewport: RuntimeOperationFact;
 }>;
 
+/**
+ * What an owner declares about the gesture family. Every tier is a per-owner claim — no tier is
+ * one every owner serves, and several owners serve none — so every tier is optional and
+ * `unsupported` names the denial an omitted tier reports. The tiers split exactly where an owner's
+ * mechanics split, so an owner states a tier only to say something the family denial does not.
+ *
+ * Omission is a classified denial, never an unclassified tier and never an implied success: the
+ * type refuses a call that does not carry `unsupported`, so no owner can leave the family blank.
+ * `unsupported` must refuse the family rather than one tier of it, because whatever the owner
+ * leaves unnamed reports that cell verbatim.
+ */
+export type GestureRuntimeOperationFactsInput = Readonly<{
+  unsupported: RuntimeOperationUnavailability;
+  plan?: RuntimeOperationFact;
+  directionalFling?: RuntimeOperationFact;
+  multiTouch?: RuntimeOperationFact;
+  targetAuthoredDrag?: RuntimeOperationFact;
+  viewport?: RuntimeOperationFact;
+}>;
+
 /** Builds the exhaustive owner claims for the five gesture requirements. */
 export function gestureRuntimeOperationFacts(
-  input: Readonly<{
-    plan: RuntimeOperationFact;
-    directionalFling: RuntimeOperationFact;
-    multiTouch: RuntimeOperationFact;
-    targetAuthoredDrag: RuntimeOperationFact;
-    viewport: RuntimeOperationFact;
-  }>,
+  input: GestureRuntimeOperationFactsInput,
 ): GestureRuntimeOperationFacts {
+  const declared = (fact: RuntimeOperationFact | undefined): RuntimeOperationFact =>
+    fact ?? input.unsupported;
   return Object.freeze({
-    performGesturePlan: input.plan,
-    performDirectionalFlingPlan: input.directionalFling,
-    performMultiTouchGesturePlan: input.multiTouch,
-    performTargetAuthoredDrag: input.targetAuthoredDrag,
-    gestureViewport: input.viewport,
+    performGesturePlan: declared(input.plan),
+    performDirectionalFlingPlan: declared(input.directionalFling),
+    performMultiTouchGesturePlan: declared(input.multiTouch),
+    performTargetAuthoredDrag: declared(input.targetAuthoredDrag),
+    gestureViewport: declared(input.viewport),
   });
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/contracts/src/platform-runtime-unavailable.ts b/packages/contracts/src/platform-runtime-unavailable.ts
index b4fca03902..9735b0575e 100644
--- a/packages/contracts/src/platform-runtime-unavailable.ts
+++ b/packages/contracts/src/platform-runtime-unavailable.ts
@@ -224,13 +224,7 @@ export function createUnavailablePlatformRuntimeFacts(
       }),
       ...viewportRuntimeOperationFacts({ setViewport: frozen.viewport }),
       ...focusRuntimeOperationFacts({ focus: frozen.focus }),
-      ...gestureRuntimeOperationFacts({
-        plan: frozen.gesture,
-        directionalFling: frozen.gesture,
-        multiTouch: frozen.gesture,
-        targetAuthoredDrag: frozen.gesture,
-        viewport: frozen.gesture,
-      }),
+      ...gestureRuntimeOperationFacts({ unsupported: frozen.gesture }),
       ...scrollRuntimeOperationFacts({ scroll: frozen.scroll }),
       ...typeTextRuntimeOperationFacts({ type: frozen.typeText }),
       ...touchRuntimeOperationFacts({
diff --git a/packages/platform-android/src/runtime.ts b/packages/platform-android/src/runtime.ts
index ae4dfa12d5..0e0ed64cba 100644
--- a/packages/platform-android/src/runtime.ts
+++ b/packages/platform-android/src/runtime.ts
@@ -319,6 +319,7 @@ export function createAndroidPlatformRuntime(host: PlatformRuntimeHost): Platfor
         ...viewportRuntimeOperationFacts({ setViewport: viewportUnavailable }),
         ...focusRuntimeOperationFacts({ focus: androidTouchFact(device) }),
         ...gestureRuntimeOperationFacts({
+          unsupported: gestureKindUnavailable,
           plan: androidGestureFact(device),
           directionalFling: androidGestureFact(device),
           multiTouch: androidTouchTargetFact(device, androidTvMultiTouchUnavailable),
diff --git a/packages/platform-apple/src/gesture-facts.ts b/packages/platform-apple/src/gesture-facts.ts
index c740c81f1e..93e651f196 100644
--- a/packages/platform-apple/src/gesture-facts.ts
+++ b/packages/platform-apple/src/gesture-facts.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,10 @@ import {
   TARGET_AUTHORED_DRAG_UNSUPPORTED_HINT,
 } from '@agent-device/contracts/gesture-admission';
 import { gestureRuntimeOperationFacts } from '@agent-device/contracts/gesture-runtime';
-import type { RuntimeOperationFact } from '@agent-device/contracts/platform-runtime';
+import type {
+  RuntimeOperationFact,
+  RuntimeOperationUnavailability,
+} from '@agent-device/contracts/platform-runtime';
 import { scrollRuntimeOperationFacts } from '@agent-device/contracts/scroll-runtime';
 import { resolveDeviceAppleOs, type DeviceInfo } from '@agent-device/kernel/device';
 
@@ -38,6 +41,7 @@ function unsupportedAppleDeviceKind(hint: string) {
 export function appleGestureAndScrollFacts(device: DeviceInfo) {
   return {
     ...gestureRuntimeOperationFacts({
+      unsupported: appleGestureFamilyUnavailable(device),
       plan: appleGesturePlanFact(device),
       directionalFling: appleGesturePlanFact(device),
       multiTouch: appleMultiTouchGestureFact(device),
@@ -48,6 +52,13 @@ export function appleGestureAndScrollFacts(device: DeviceInfo) {
   };
 }
 
+/** The reason this leaf refuses gestures it does not name, before any tier is consulted. */
+function appleGestureFamilyUnavailable(device: DeviceInfo): RuntimeOperationUnavailability {
+  return device.appleOs === 'watchos' || device.appleOs === 'visionos'
+    ? gestureLeafUnavailable
+    : gestureKindUnavailable;
+}
+
 function appleGesturePlanFact(device: DeviceInfo): RuntimeOperationFact {
   if (device.appleOs === 'watchos' || device.appleOs === 'visionos') return gestureLeafUnavailable;
   return appleTouchKind(device) ? available : gestureKindUnavailable;
diff --git a/packages/platform-harmonyos/src/runtime.ts b/packages/platform-harmonyos/src/runtime.ts
index 9424eee648..5e2412f51b 100644
--- a/packages/platform-harmonyos/src/runtime.ts
+++ b/packages/platform-harmonyos/src/runtime.ts
@@ -252,6 +252,7 @@ export function createHarmonyPlatformRuntime(host: PlatformRuntimeHost): Platfor
         // Gestures share focus's HDC-driven kind cell; only the two tiers HDC cannot synthesize
         // are refused.
         ...gestureRuntimeOperationFacts({
+          unsupported: gestureKindUnavailable,
           plan: harmonyGestureFact(device),
           directionalFling: harmonyGestureFact(device),
           multiTouch: multiTouchUnavailable,
diff --git a/packages/platform-linux/src/runtime.ts b/packages/platform-linux/src/runtime.ts
index ab5c30efc3..91f668cc6f 100644
--- a/packages/platform-linux/src/runtime.ts
+++ b/packages/platform-linux/src/runtime.ts
@@ -247,6 +247,7 @@ function linuxFacts(device: DeviceInfo): RuntimeFacts<PlatformRuntimeOperations>
       // every cell — a direction-authored fling's speed semantics, two-contact synthesis, and
       // target-authored drag timing.
       ...gestureRuntimeOperationFacts({
+        unsupported: gestureKindUnavailable,
         plan: linuxDesktopFact(device, gestureKindUnavailable),
         directionalFling: directionalFlingUnavailable,
         multiTouch: multiTouchUnavailable,
diff --git a/packages/platform-vega/src/runtime.ts b/packages/platform-vega/src/runtime.ts
index 100fa1ea85..279f51f8c3 100644
--- a/packages/platform-vega/src/runtime.ts
+++ b/packages/platform-vega/src/runtime.ts
@@ -232,11 +232,9 @@ function vegaFacts(device: DeviceInfo): RuntimeFacts<PlatformRuntimeOperations>
       // one; the rest had no retired closure and now refuse at admission rather than inside the
       // Vega interactor.
       ...gestureRuntimeOperationFacts({
-        plan: gestureUnavailable,
-        directionalFling: gestureUnavailable,
+        unsupported: gestureUnavailable,
         multiTouch: multiTouchUnavailable,
         targetAuthoredDrag: targetAuthoredDragUnavailable,
-        viewport: gestureUnavailable,
       }),
     },
   });
diff --git a/packages/platform-web/src/runtime.ts b/packages/platform-web/src/runtime.ts
index 1ed2ee4131..0c6b8207da 100644
--- a/packages/platform-web/src/runtime.ts
+++ b/packages/platform-web/src/runtime.ts
@@ -399,11 +399,8 @@ function webRuntimeFacts(
       // outright. Drag is the exception it checked FIRST, by naming the phases an adapter needs.
       ...scrollRuntimeOperationFacts({ scroll: browserDevice }),
       ...gestureRuntimeOperationFacts({
-        plan: gestureUnavailable,
-        directionalFling: gestureUnavailable,
-        multiTouch: gestureUnavailable,
+        unsupported: gestureUnavailable,
         targetAuthoredDrag: targetAuthoredDragUnavailable,
-        viewport: gestureUnavailable,
       }),
       ...viewportRuntimeOperationFacts({ setViewport: browserDevice }),
       // The web backend has no point-addressed read: `get` answers from the captured DOM tree,
diff --git a/packages/provider-limrun/src/app-log-runtime.test.ts b/packages/provider-limrun/src/app-log-runtime.test.ts
index 198745d405..5b450e85d3 100644
--- a/packages/provider-limrun/src/app-log-runtime.test.ts
+++ b/packages/provider-limrun/src/app-log-runtime.test.ts
@@ -481,11 +481,16 @@ test('closes every Limrun gesture and scroll cell without a live session', async
   const facts = await owner.inspectFacts(limrunAndroid);
   for (const operation of [
     'performGesturePlan',
+    'performDirectionalFlingPlan',
     'performMultiTouchGesturePlan',
     'performTargetAuthoredDrag',
     'gestureViewport',
     'scrollDirection',
   ] as const) {
-    expect(facts.operations[operation].available).toBe(false);
+    expect(facts.operations[operation]).toMatchObject({
+      available: false,
+      reason: 'owner-capability-missing',
+      hint: 'Limrun requires a matching live provider session for this device.',
+    });
   }
 });
diff --git a/packages/provider-limrun/src/interaction-operations.ts b/packages/provider-limrun/src/interaction-operations.ts
index e46cdfd472..80343e8811 100644
--- a/packages/provider-limrun/src/interaction-operations.ts
+++ b/packages/provider-limrun/src/interaction-operations.ts
@@ -54,6 +54,11 @@ const iosGestureUnavailable = Object.freeze({
   reason: 'unsupported-provider-mode',
   hint: 'Limrun iOS direct sessions do not expose portable gesture execution yet.',
 } as const);
+/** What an unnamed gesture tier reports on a live Limrun session. */
+const gestureUnsupportedProviderMode = Object.freeze({
+  available: false,
+  reason: 'unsupported-provider-mode',
+} as const);
 const androidTvMultiTouchUnavailable = Object.freeze({
   available: false,
   reason: 'unsupported-platform-leaf',
@@ -74,26 +79,15 @@ function limrunGestureFacts(
   device: DeviceInfo,
   cell: RuntimeOperationUnavailability | typeof available,
 ): GestureRuntimeOperationFacts {
-  if (cell !== available) {
-    return gestureRuntimeOperationFacts({
-      plan: cell,
-      directionalFling: cell,
-      multiTouch: cell,
-      targetAuthoredDrag: cell,
-      viewport: cell,
-    });
+  if (!cell.available) {
+    return gestureRuntimeOperationFacts({ unsupported: cell });
   }
   if (device.platform !== 'android') {
-    return gestureRuntimeOperationFacts({
-      plan: iosGestureUnavailable,
-      directionalFling: iosGestureUnavailable,
-      multiTouch: iosGestureUnavailable,
-      targetAuthoredDrag: iosGestureUnavailable,
-      viewport: iosGestureUnavailable,
-    });
+    return gestureRuntimeOperationFacts({ unsupported: iosGestureUnavailable });
   }
   const tv = device.target === 'tv';
   return gestureRuntimeOperationFacts({
+    unsupported: gestureUnsupportedProviderMode,
     plan: available,
     directionalFling: available,
     multiTouch: tv ? androidTvMultiTouchUnavailable : available,
diff --git a/packages/provider-webdriver/src/platform-runtime.ts b/packages/provider-webdriver/src/platform-runtime.ts
index 45c6068da4..2e82d2952a 100644
--- a/packages/provider-webdriver/src/platform-runtime.ts
+++ b/packages/provider-webdriver/src/platform-runtime.ts
@@ -628,6 +628,7 @@ function webDriverFacts(
       // ever owns physical devices, and two-finger synthesis on a physical iOS device was refused
       // before this migration exactly as it is refused here.
       ...gestureRuntimeOperationFacts({
+        unsupported: gestureUnavailable,
         plan: interactorCell(reachable, gestureUnavailable),
         directionalFling: interactorCell(reachable, gestureUnavailable),
         multiTouch: webDriverMultiTouchCell(device, reachable),
diff --git a/src/__tests__/test-utils/runtime-operation-facts.ts b/src/__tests__/test-utils/runtime-operation-facts.ts
index 80999ed3f3..fb3b415be4 100644
--- a/src/__tests__/test-utils/runtime-operation-facts.ts
+++ b/src/__tests__/test-utils/runtime-operation-facts.ts
@@ -52,13 +52,7 @@ export const unavailableDeploymentSnapshotAndShutdownOperationFacts = Object.fre
     longPress: unavailable,
     fill: unavailable,
   }),
-  ...gestureRuntimeOperationFacts({
-    plan: unavailable,
-    directionalFling: unavailable,
-    multiTouch: unavailable,
-    targetAuthoredDrag: unavailable,
-    viewport: unavailable,
-  }),
+  ...gestureRuntimeOperationFacts({ unsupported: unavailable }),
   ...scrollRuntimeOperationFacts({ scroll: unavailable }),
   ...elementTextRuntimeOperationFacts({ readTextAtPoint: unavailable }),
   back: unavailable,
diff --git a/src/daemon/handlers/__tests__/install-source.test.ts b/src/daemon/handlers/__tests__/install-source.test.ts
index 31da7ffa42..338364d7dd 100644
--- a/src/daemon/handlers/__tests__/install-source.test.ts
+++ b/src/daemon/handlers/__tests__/install-source.test.ts
@@ -369,13 +369,7 @@ function sourceRuntimeFacts(
         longPress: unavailable,
         fill: unavailable,
       }),
-      ...gestureRuntimeOperationFacts({
-        plan: unavailable,
-        directionalFling: unavailable,
-        multiTouch: unavailable,
-        targetAuthoredDrag: unavailable,
-        viewport: unavailable,
-      }),
+      ...gestureRuntimeOperationFacts({ unsupported: unavailable }),
       ...scrollRuntimeOperationFacts({ scroll: unavailable }),
       readTextAtPoint: unavailable,
       back: unavailable,