diff --git a/packages/contracts/src/clipboard-runtime.test.ts b/packages/contracts/src/clipboard-runtime.test.ts
index 8ee5f845ba..eee72ae1c9 100644
--- a/packages/contracts/src/clipboard-runtime.test.ts
+++ b/packages/contracts/src/clipboard-runtime.test.ts
@@ -21,18 +21,51 @@ const device = {
 const local = (resolveInteractor: LocalInteractorOperationResolver) =>
   localInteractorSource({ device, resolveInteractor });
 
-test('builds the exact clipboard operation fact catalog', () => {
+test('builds the exact clipboard operation fact catalog for an owner that names both halves', () => {
   const read = { available: true } as const;
   const write = {
     available: false,
     reason: 'owner-capability-missing',
   } as const;
-  expect(clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts({ read, write })).toEqual({
+  expect(
+    clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts({
+      unsupported: write,
+      read,
+      write,
+    }),
+  ).toEqual({
     readClipboard: read,
     writeClipboard: write,
   });
 });
 
+test('a half the owner never names reports the denial the owner stated for the family, verbatim — omission is a classified refusal, never an unclassified half and never an implied success', () => {
+  const denial = {
+    available: false,
+    reason: 'unsupported-platform-leaf',
+    hint: 'clipboard is not supported on Vega OS.',
+  } as const;
+
+  expect(
+    clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts({ unsupported: denial, read: { available: true } }),
+  ).toEqual({
+    readClipboard: { available: true },
+    writeClipboard: denial,
+  });
+});
+
+test('an owner serving neither clipboard half names the family denial once and still answers with the exhaustive shape', () => {
+  const denial = { available: false, reason: 'unsupported-platform-leaf' } as const;
+
+  const facts = clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts({ unsupported: denial });
+
+  expect(facts).toEqual({
+    readClipboard: denial,
+    writeClipboard: denial,
+  });
+  expect(Object.isFrozen(facts)).toBe(true);
+});
+
 test('a local read binding returns the interactor pasteboard text verbatim', async () => {
   const readClipboard = vi.fn(async () => 'copied\ntext');
   const resolveInteractor = vi.fn(async () => ({ readClipboard }) as unknown as Interactor);
diff --git a/packages/contracts/src/clipboard-runtime.ts b/packages/contracts/src/clipboard-runtime.ts
index dcbb033981..bb60e8021e 100644
--- a/packages/contracts/src/clipboard-runtime.ts
+++ b/packages/contracts/src/clipboard-runtime.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { Interactor, RunnerContext } from './interactor-types.ts';
-import type { RuntimeOperationFact } from './platform-runtime.ts';
+import type { RuntimeOperationFact, RuntimeOperationUnavailability } from './platform-runtime.ts';
 import type { SnapshotRuntimeExecution } from './snapshot-runtime.ts';
 
 /**
@@ -41,14 +41,32 @@ export type ClipboardRuntimeOperationFacts = Readonly<{
 }>;
 
 /**
- * Read and write are separate cells because an owner can genuinely have one without the other —
- * a WebDriver provider whose Appium clipboard extension exposes only a getter is the real case —
- * and `clipboard read` must not be refused because the write half is missing.
+ * What an owner declares about the clipboard. Read and write stay separate cells because an owner
+ * can genuinely have one without the other — a WebDriver provider whose Appium clipboard extension
+ * exposes only a getter is the real case — and `clipboard read` must not be refused because the
+ * write half is missing.
+ *
+ * Both halves ride one shell command set on every other owner, so an owner with neither names
+ * `unsupported` once and a half it never names reports that denial verbatim: omission is a
+ * classified refusal, never an unclassified half and never an implied success. An owner states a
+ * half only to say something the family denial does not.
  */
+export type ClipboardRuntimeOperationFactsInput = Readonly<{
+  unsupported: RuntimeOperationUnavailability;
+  read?: RuntimeOperationFact;
+  write?: RuntimeOperationFact;
+}>;
+
+/** Builds the exhaustive owner claims for the two clipboard operations. */
 export function clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts(
-  input: Readonly<{ read: RuntimeOperationFact; write: RuntimeOperationFact }>,
+  input: ClipboardRuntimeOperationFactsInput,
 ): ClipboardRuntimeOperationFacts {
-  return Object.freeze({ readClipboard: input.read, writeClipboard: input.write });
+  const declared = (fact: RuntimeOperationFact | undefined): RuntimeOperationFact =>
+    fact ?? input.unsupported;
+  return Object.freeze({
+    readClipboard: declared(input.read),
+    writeClipboard: declared(input.write),
+  });
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/packages/contracts/src/platform-runtime-unavailable.test.ts b/packages/contracts/src/platform-runtime-unavailable.test.ts
index 306dcd4506..bfff68ccfc 100644
--- a/packages/contracts/src/platform-runtime-unavailable.test.ts
+++ b/packages/contracts/src/platform-runtime-unavailable.test.ts
@@ -48,8 +48,7 @@ const UNAVAILABLE_FACTS: UnavailablePlatformRuntimeFacts = {
   orientation: { available: false, reason: 'unsupported-provider-mode' },
   tvRemote: { available: false, reason: 'unsupported-provider-mode' },
   keyboard: { available: false, reason: 'unsupported-provider-mode' },
-  readClipboard: { available: false, reason: 'unsupported-provider-mode' },
-  writeClipboard: { available: false, reason: 'unsupported-provider-mode' },
+  clipboard: { available: false, reason: 'unsupported-provider-mode' },
   appSwitcher: { available: false, reason: 'unsupported-provider-mode' },
   triggerAppEvent: { available: false, reason: 'unsupported-provider-mode' },
   setSetting: { available: false, reason: 'unsupported-provider-mode' },
@@ -96,6 +95,12 @@ test('generic unavailable binding preserves exact provider ownership and mode',
       reason: 'unsupported-provider-mode',
     });
   }
+  for (const operation of ['readClipboard', 'writeClipboard'] as const) {
+    assert.deepEqual(binding.facts.operations[operation], {
+      available: false,
+      reason: 'unsupported-provider-mode',
+    });
+  }
   // `apps` is left unclassified above (an optional cell): it inherits the network gap's reason.
   assert.deepEqual(binding.facts.operations.listApps, {
     available: false,
diff --git a/packages/contracts/src/platform-runtime-unavailable.ts b/packages/contracts/src/platform-runtime-unavailable.ts
index 9735b0575e..de682a1f04 100644
--- a/packages/contracts/src/platform-runtime-unavailable.ts
+++ b/packages/contracts/src/platform-runtime-unavailable.ts
@@ -62,8 +62,7 @@ export type UnavailablePlatformRuntimeFacts = Readonly<{
   orientation: RuntimeOperationUnavailability;
   tvRemote: RuntimeOperationUnavailability;
   keyboard: RuntimeOperationUnavailability;
-  readClipboard: RuntimeOperationUnavailability;
-  writeClipboard: RuntimeOperationUnavailability;
+  clipboard: RuntimeOperationUnavailability;
   appSwitcher: RuntimeOperationUnavailability;
   triggerAppEvent: RuntimeOperationUnavailability;
   setSetting: RuntimeOperationUnavailability;
@@ -118,8 +117,7 @@ const UNAVAILABLE_CELLS = {
   orientation: true,
   tvRemote: true,
   keyboard: true,
-  readClipboard: true,
-  writeClipboard: true,
+  clipboard: true,
   appSwitcher: true,
   triggerAppEvent: true,
   setSetting: true,
@@ -239,10 +237,7 @@ export function createUnavailablePlatformRuntimeFacts(
       ...orientationRuntimeOperationFacts({ orientation: frozen.orientation }),
       ...tvRemoteRuntimeOperationFacts({ tvRemote: frozen.tvRemote }),
       ...keyboardRuntimeOperationFacts({ unsupported: frozen.keyboard }),
-      ...clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts({
-        read: frozen.readClipboard,
-        write: frozen.writeClipboard,
-      }),
+      ...clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts({ unsupported: frozen.clipboard }),
       ...appSwitcherRuntimeOperationFacts({ appSwitcher: frozen.appSwitcher }),
       ...appEventRuntimeOperationFacts({ triggerAppEvent: frozen.triggerAppEvent }),
       ...settingsRuntimeOperationFacts({ setSetting: frozen.setSetting }),
diff --git a/packages/platform-android/src/runtime.ts b/packages/platform-android/src/runtime.ts
index 0e0ed64cba..99a66bbc9d 100644
--- a/packages/platform-android/src/runtime.ts
+++ b/packages/platform-android/src/runtime.ts
@@ -377,7 +377,11 @@ export function createAndroidPlatformRuntime(host: PlatformRuntimeHost): Platfor
         }),
         // Read and write share one cell: `cmd clipboard` either has a shell implementation on this
         // build or it has none, and no Android build ships one half of it.
-        ...clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts({ read: clipboardCell, write: clipboardCell }),
+        ...clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts({
+          unsupported: clipboardCell.available ? clipboardShellUnavailable : clipboardCell,
+          read: clipboardCell,
+          write: clipboardCell,
+        }),
         ...audioProbeRuntimeOperationFacts({
           capture: androidAudioProbeCaptureFact(device),
           query: audioQueryUnavailable,
diff --git a/packages/platform-apple/src/system/runtime.ts b/packages/platform-apple/src/system/runtime.ts
index 4aaab146ce..b5cef7d877 100644
--- a/packages/platform-apple/src/system/runtime.ts
+++ b/packages/platform-apple/src/system/runtime.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,10 @@ import { clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts } from '@agent-device/contracts/clipboar
 import { settingsRuntimeOperationFacts } from '@agent-device/contracts/settings-runtime';
 import { bindAdmittedLocalInteractorOperations } from '@agent-device/contracts/interactor-operation-catalog';
 import type { PlatformRuntimeHost } from '@agent-device/contracts/platform-runtime-operations';
-import type { RuntimeOperationFact } from '@agent-device/contracts/platform-runtime';
+import type {
+  RuntimeOperationFact,
+  RuntimeOperationUnavailability,
+} from '@agent-device/contracts/platform-runtime';
 import { resolveDeviceAppleOs, type DeviceInfo } from '@agent-device/kernel/device';
 
 const available = Object.freeze({ available: true } as const);
@@ -113,6 +116,15 @@ function appleAppEventFact(device: DeviceInfo): RuntimeOperationFact {
   return resolveDeviceAppleOs(device) === 'watchos' ? appleWatchOsUnavailable : available;
 }
 
+/**
+ * The clipboard denial this leaf reports for a half it does not name: the leaf's own refusal where
+ * it has one, since a leaf that serves clipboard today has no clipboard refusal to state.
+ */
+function appleClipboardFamilyUnavailable(device: DeviceInfo): RuntimeOperationUnavailability {
+  const cell = appleClipboardFact(device);
+  return cell.available ? clipboardLeafUnavailable : cell;
+}
+
 /** The system-surface cells: clipboard read/write, app-event delivery, settings, and alerts. */
 export function appleSystemFacts(device: DeviceInfo) {
   const clipboard = appleClipboardFact(device);
@@ -120,7 +132,11 @@ export function appleSystemFacts(device: DeviceInfo) {
   // press its buttons, so splitting them would invent a cell no Apple owner is ever in.
   const alert = appleAlertFact(device);
   return Object.freeze({
-    ...clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts({ read: clipboard, write: clipboard }),
+    ...clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts({
+      unsupported: appleClipboardFamilyUnavailable(device),
+      read: clipboard,
+      write: clipboard,
+    }),
     ...alertRuntimeOperationFacts({ read: alert, wait: alert, accept: alert, dismiss: alert }),
     ...appEventRuntimeOperationFacts({ triggerAppEvent: appleAppEventFact(device) }),
     ...settingsRuntimeOperationFacts({
diff --git a/packages/platform-harmonyos/src/runtime.ts b/packages/platform-harmonyos/src/runtime.ts
index 5e2412f51b..853c0ba378 100644
--- a/packages/platform-harmonyos/src/runtime.ts
+++ b/packages/platform-harmonyos/src/runtime.ts
@@ -296,10 +296,7 @@ export function createHarmonyPlatformRuntime(host: PlatformRuntimeHost): Platfor
           enter: harmonyFocusFact(device),
         }),
         // HarmonyOS exposes no clipboard automation operation.
-        ...clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts({
-          read: harmonyPlatformLeafUnavailable,
-          write: harmonyPlatformLeafUnavailable,
-        }),
+        ...clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts({ unsupported: harmonyPlatformLeafUnavailable }),
         ...audioProbeRuntimeOperationFacts({
           capture: audioProbeUnavailable,
           query: audioProbeUnavailable,
diff --git a/packages/platform-linux/src/runtime.ts b/packages/platform-linux/src/runtime.ts
index 91f668cc6f..d00c6d8be7 100644
--- a/packages/platform-linux/src/runtime.ts
+++ b/packages/platform-linux/src/runtime.ts
@@ -196,8 +196,7 @@ function linuxFacts(device: DeviceInfo): RuntimeFacts<PlatformRuntimeOperations>
     home: homeKindUnavailable,
     orientation: linuxPlatformLeafUnavailable,
     tvRemote: linuxPlatformLeafUnavailable,
-    readClipboard: clipboardKindUnavailable,
-    writeClipboard: clipboardKindUnavailable,
+    clipboard: clipboardKindUnavailable,
     // The Linux interactor's own `appSwitcher` throws unsupported, and the retired descriptor
     // declared `linux: {}`, so no Linux cell was ever admitted.
     appSwitcher: linuxPlatformLeafUnavailable,
@@ -269,6 +268,7 @@ function linuxFacts(device: DeviceInfo): RuntimeFacts<PlatformRuntimeOperations>
       // Parity with the retired `clipboard` capability bucket (`{ device: true }`): wl-clipboard
       // / xclip / xsel drive the desktop session's selection, and no other Linux cell has one.
       ...clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts({
+        unsupported: clipboardKindUnavailable,
         read: linuxDesktopFact(device, clipboardKindUnavailable),
         write: linuxDesktopFact(device, clipboardKindUnavailable),
       }),
diff --git a/packages/platform-vega/src/runtime.ts b/packages/platform-vega/src/runtime.ts
index 279f51f8c3..3e9b809df7 100644
--- a/packages/platform-vega/src/runtime.ts
+++ b/packages/platform-vega/src/runtime.ts
@@ -191,8 +191,7 @@ function vegaFacts(device: DeviceInfo): RuntimeFacts<PlatformRuntimeOperations>
     home: homeUnavailable,
     orientation: orientationUnavailable,
     tvRemote: tvRemoteUnavailable,
-    readClipboard: clipboardUnavailable,
-    writeClipboard: clipboardUnavailable,
+    clipboard: clipboardUnavailable,
     appSwitcher: appSwitcherUnavailable,
     triggerAppEvent: appEventUnavailable,
     setSetting: settingsUnavailable,
diff --git a/packages/platform-web/src/runtime.ts b/packages/platform-web/src/runtime.ts
index 0c6b8207da..14fdb58c6b 100644
--- a/packages/platform-web/src/runtime.ts
+++ b/packages/platform-web/src/runtime.ts
@@ -413,10 +413,7 @@ function webRuntimeFacts(
       ...keyboardRuntimeOperationFacts({ unsupported: navigationUnavailable }),
       // The web backend never carried a `clipboard` capability bucket (`WEB_QUERY_COMMANDS`
       // lists `audio` alone), so no clipboard cell was ever admitted here.
-      ...clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts({
-        read: navigationUnavailable,
-        write: navigationUnavailable,
-      }),
+      ...clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts({ unsupported: navigationUnavailable }),
       // Parity with the retired `WEB_QUERY_COMMANDS` graft, which admitted `audio` on every web
       // device; the provider that carries no probe transport still refuses at execution.
       ...audioProbeRuntimeOperationFacts({ capture: audioCaptureUnavailable, query: available }),
diff --git a/packages/provider-limrun/src/app-log-runtime.ts b/packages/provider-limrun/src/app-log-runtime.ts
index 92562f4d4b..e3863fd286 100644
--- a/packages/provider-limrun/src/app-log-runtime.ts
+++ b/packages/provider-limrun/src/app-log-runtime.ts
@@ -109,8 +109,7 @@ export function createLimrunPlatformRuntimeOwner(
             orientation: liveSessionUnavailable,
             tvRemote: liveSessionUnavailable,
             keyboard: liveSessionUnavailable,
-            readClipboard: liveSessionUnavailable,
-            writeClipboard: liveSessionUnavailable,
+            clipboard: liveSessionUnavailable,
             appSwitcher: liveSessionUnavailable,
             triggerAppEvent: liveSessionUnavailable,
             setSetting: liveSessionUnavailable,
diff --git a/packages/provider-limrun/src/interaction-operations.ts b/packages/provider-limrun/src/interaction-operations.ts
index 80343e8811..3e3f318eb5 100644
--- a/packages/provider-limrun/src/interaction-operations.ts
+++ b/packages/provider-limrun/src/interaction-operations.ts
@@ -59,6 +59,11 @@ const gestureUnsupportedProviderMode = Object.freeze({
   available: false,
   reason: 'unsupported-provider-mode',
 } as const);
+/** What an unnamed clipboard half reports on a live Limrun session. */
+const clipboardUnsupportedProviderMode = Object.freeze({
+  available: false,
+  reason: 'unsupported-provider-mode',
+} as const);
 const androidTvMultiTouchUnavailable = Object.freeze({
   available: false,
   reason: 'unsupported-platform-leaf',
@@ -267,9 +272,23 @@ export function limrunClipboardOperationFacts(
   device: DeviceInfo,
   liveSessionUnavailable?: RuntimeOperationUnavailability,
 ) {
-  const cell =
-    liveSessionUnavailable ?? (device.platform === 'android' ? available : clipboardUnavailableIos);
-  return Object.freeze({ ...clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts({ read: cell, write: cell }) });
+  if (liveSessionUnavailable) {
+    return Object.freeze({
+      ...clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts({ unsupported: liveSessionUnavailable }),
+    });
+  }
+  if (device.platform !== 'android') {
+    return Object.freeze({
+      ...clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts({ unsupported: clipboardUnavailableIos }),
+    });
+  }
+  return Object.freeze({
+    ...clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts({
+      unsupported: clipboardUnsupportedProviderMode,
+      read: available,
+      write: available,
+    }),
+  });
 }
 
 const alertUnavailableIos = Object.freeze({
diff --git a/packages/provider-webdriver/src/platform-runtime.ts b/packages/provider-webdriver/src/platform-runtime.ts
index 2e82d2952a..c011a140d2 100644
--- a/packages/provider-webdriver/src/platform-runtime.ts
+++ b/packages/provider-webdriver/src/platform-runtime.ts
@@ -519,8 +519,7 @@ function webDriverFacts(
       orientation: inactiveSession,
       tvRemote: inactiveSession,
       keyboard: inactiveSession,
-      readClipboard: inactiveSession,
-      writeClipboard: inactiveSession,
+      clipboard: inactiveSession,
       appSwitcher: inactiveSession,
       triggerAppEvent: inactiveSession,
       setSetting: inactiveSession,
@@ -563,8 +562,7 @@ function webDriverFacts(
     orientation: orientationUnavailable,
     tvRemote: tvRemoteUnavailable,
     keyboard: keyboardUnavailable,
-    readClipboard: clipboardUnavailable,
-    writeClipboard: clipboardUnavailable,
+    clipboard: clipboardUnavailable,
     appSwitcher: appSwitcherUnavailable,
     triggerAppEvent: appEventUnavailable,
     setSetting: settingsUnavailable,
@@ -653,6 +651,7 @@ function webDriverFacts(
       // Appium — which does expose the clipboard extension. The refusal moves to where it can be
       // true: the interactor, per session.
       ...clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts({
+        unsupported: clipboardUnavailable,
         read: declared('clipboard.read', clipboardUnavailable),
         write: declared('clipboard.write', clipboardUnavailable),
       }),
diff --git a/src/__tests__/test-utils/runtime-operation-facts.ts b/src/__tests__/test-utils/runtime-operation-facts.ts
index fb3b415be4..c12d93236a 100644
--- a/src/__tests__/test-utils/runtime-operation-facts.ts
+++ b/src/__tests__/test-utils/runtime-operation-facts.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { applicationLifecycleOperationFacts } from '@agent-device/contracts/application-lifecycle-runtime';
 import { audioProbeRuntimeOperationFacts } from '@agent-device/contracts/audio-probe-runtime';
+import { clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts } from '@agent-device/contracts/clipboard-runtime';
 import { elementTextRuntimeOperationFacts } from '@agent-device/contracts/element-text-runtime';
 import { gestureRuntimeOperationFacts } from '@agent-device/contracts/gesture-runtime';
 import { keyboardRuntimeOperationFacts } from '@agent-device/contracts/keyboard-runtime';
@@ -60,8 +61,7 @@ export const unavailableDeploymentSnapshotAndShutdownOperationFacts = Object.fre
   setOrientation: unavailable,
   tvRemote: unavailable,
   ...keyboardRuntimeOperationFacts({ unsupported: unavailable }),
-  readClipboard: unavailable,
-  writeClipboard: unavailable,
+  ...clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts({ unsupported: unavailable }),
   appSwitcher: unavailable,
   triggerAppEvent: unavailable,
   setSetting: unavailable,
@@ -119,8 +119,7 @@ export function createUnavailableRuntimeFactsForTest(
     orientation: fact,
     tvRemote: fact,
     keyboard: fact,
-    readClipboard: fact,
-    writeClipboard: fact,
+    clipboard: fact,
     appSwitcher: fact,
     triggerAppEvent: fact,
     setSetting: fact,
diff --git a/src/daemon/handlers/__tests__/install-source.test.ts b/src/daemon/handlers/__tests__/install-source.test.ts
index 338364d7dd..da71443415 100644
--- a/src/daemon/handlers/__tests__/install-source.test.ts
+++ b/src/daemon/handlers/__tests__/install-source.test.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import {
 } from '@agent-device/contracts/platform-runtime';
 import { audioProbeRuntimeOperationFacts } from '@agent-device/contracts/audio-probe-runtime';
 import { perfRuntimeOperationFacts } from '@agent-device/contracts/perf-runtime';
+import { clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts } from '@agent-device/contracts/clipboard-runtime';
 import { gestureRuntimeOperationFacts } from '@agent-device/contracts/gesture-runtime';
 import { keyboardRuntimeOperationFacts } from '@agent-device/contracts/keyboard-runtime';
 import type { PlatformRuntimeOperations } from '@agent-device/contracts/platform-runtime-operations';
@@ -377,8 +378,7 @@ function sourceRuntimeFacts(
       setOrientation: unavailable,
       tvRemote: unavailable,
       ...keyboardRuntimeOperationFacts({ unsupported: unavailable }),
-      readClipboard: unavailable,
-      writeClipboard: unavailable,
+      ...clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts({ unsupported: unavailable }),
       appSwitcher: unavailable,
       triggerAppEvent: unavailable,
       setSetting: unavailable,
diff --git a/src/daemon/handlers/__tests__/session-clipboard.test.ts b/src/daemon/handlers/__tests__/session-clipboard.test.ts
index 280fa76359..8b99e82bb4 100644
--- a/src/daemon/handlers/__tests__/session-clipboard.test.ts
+++ b/src/daemon/handlers/__tests__/session-clipboard.test.ts
@@ -51,9 +51,10 @@ function harness(
   const writeClipboard = vi.fn(async () => undefined);
   const runtimeFacts: RuntimeFacts<PlatformRuntimeOperations> = {
     device: { ...deviceShape(device), providerMode: 'local' },
-    operations: clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts(
-      facts,
-    ) as RuntimeFacts<PlatformRuntimeOperations>['operations'],
+    operations: clipboardRuntimeOperationFacts({
+      unsupported: unavailable,
+      ...facts,
+    }) as RuntimeFacts<PlatformRuntimeOperations>['operations'],
   };
   const binding = {
     device,
diff --git a/src/daemon/handlers/__tests__/session-state.test.ts b/src/daemon/handlers/__tests__/session-state.test.ts
index 27485b29c0..3f2dfcd976 100644
--- a/src/daemon/handlers/__tests__/session-state.test.ts
+++ b/src/daemon/handlers/__tests__/session-state.test.ts
@@ -59,8 +59,7 @@ test('boot rejects --headless outside Android directly', async () => {
             orientation: { available: false, reason: 'owner-capability-missing' },
             tvRemote: { available: false, reason: 'owner-capability-missing' },
             keyboard: { available: false, reason: 'owner-capability-missing' },
-            readClipboard: { available: false, reason: 'owner-capability-missing' },
-            writeClipboard: { available: false, reason: 'owner-capability-missing' },
+            clipboard: { available: false, reason: 'owner-capability-missing' },
             appSwitcher: { available: false, reason: 'owner-capability-missing' },
             triggerAppEvent: { available: false, reason: 'owner-capability-missing' },
             setSetting: { available: false, reason: 'owner-capability-missing' },
@@ -166,8 +165,7 @@ test('appstate rejects web before Android app-state backend dispatch', async ()
             orientation: { available: false, reason: 'unsupported-platform-leaf' },
             tvRemote: { available: false, reason: 'unsupported-platform-leaf' },
             keyboard: { available: false, reason: 'unsupported-platform-leaf' },
-            readClipboard: { available: false, reason: 'unsupported-platform-leaf' },
-            writeClipboard: { available: false, reason: 'unsupported-platform-leaf' },
+            clipboard: { available: false, reason: 'unsupported-platform-leaf' },
             appSwitcher: { available: false, reason: 'unsupported-platform-leaf' },
             triggerAppEvent: { available: false, reason: 'unsupported-platform-leaf' },
             setSetting: { available: false, reason: 'unsupported-platform-leaf' },
diff --git a/src/platform-runtime-gateway.test.ts b/src/platform-runtime-gateway.test.ts
index ff2e292b82..5d151cfff6 100644
--- a/src/platform-runtime-gateway.test.ts
+++ b/src/platform-runtime-gateway.test.ts
@@ -67,8 +67,7 @@ describe('composed platform runtime gateway', () => {
       orientation: unavailable,
       tvRemote: unavailable,
       keyboard: unavailable,
-      readClipboard: unavailable,
-      writeClipboard: unavailable,
+      clipboard: unavailable,
       appSwitcher: unavailable,
       triggerAppEvent: unavailable,
       setSetting: unavailable,
@@ -166,8 +165,7 @@ describe('composed platform runtime gateway', () => {
       orientation: unavailable,
       tvRemote: unavailable,
       keyboard: unavailable,
-      readClipboard: unavailable,
-      writeClipboard: unavailable,
+      clipboard: unavailable,
       appSwitcher: unavailable,
       triggerAppEvent: unavailable,
       setSetting: unavailable,