Fix expression precedence while preserving explicit parentheses

[git-hulk]

Problem

Unary signs bind before postfix operations, comparisons and membership bind at different levels, and cast targets consume following array access. These produce expression trees that disagree with ClickHouse. BETWEEN bounds also reject comparisons that ClickHouse accepts.

Reproduction

SELECT -tuple(1, 2).1;
-- Previously: (-tuple(1, 2)).1; ClickHouse: -(tuple(1, 2).1)
SELECT a = b IN (1);
-- Previously: a = (b IN (1)); ClickHouse: (a = b) IN (1)
SELECT a::Int64[1];
-- Previously: indexing attached to the type; ClickHouse: (a::Int64)[1]
SELECT a BETWEEN b = c AND d = e;
-- Comparisons must be accepted inside both bounds.

Fix

Centralize operator binding levels and correct unary/postfix, comparison/membership, cast, and BETWEEN parsing. Preserve public AST types and existing precedence constant values.

Formatting retains explicit parentheses from the SQL without inferring additional parentheses from the expression tree. Callers constructing or editing an AST must supply explicit grouping nodes when needed. Unary signs are written directly beside their operands, retaining a space between consecutive minus signs to avoid a line comment. Keyword operators retain their separating space.

Test

• Add parser regressions for unary/postfix binding, comparison/BETWEEN binding, and cast-before-postfix access; correct existing membership expectations against ClickHouse.
• Add TestFormatter_ExplicitExpressionParentheses to check source parentheses and unary-sign spacing in compact and beautified formatting, including nested negation and signed numeric operands, and TestFormatter_EditedExpressionRequiresExplicitParentheses to verify the caller supplies grouping.
• Add a focused SQL fixture with AST, compact, and beautified golden outputs. Existing golden outputs are unchanged.
• Validate 45 expression cases against ClickHouse Local 26.7.1.1315, comparing original SQL with explicitly grouped parsed trees and both formatting modes: 119 distinct SQL variants, zero mismatches.
• Pass make test (race and compatibility checks) and make lint (CI-pinned golangci-lint v1.53.3) with Go 1.21.13.

[chatgpt-codex-connector]

Codex Review Summary

This comment shows the latest Codex review activity on this pull request.

Review	Status	Commit	Review trigger
📝 Code Review	✅ Completed 2026-09-14T06:19:28.075913Z	179fe73	Draft marked ready

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