Expose input schema to scalar expression planners

[osipovartem]

Summary

• add a schema-aware ExprPlanner hook for scalar UDF calls
• preserve wildcard options used in scalar function arguments, including EXCLUDE and EXCEPT
• expose schema-only wildcard expansion for function planners
• add integration coverage for plain wildcard and EXCLUDE planning

Validation

• cargo +1.94.0 test -p datafusion-sql --test sql_integration scalar_expr_planner
• cargo +1.94.0 clippy -p datafusion-expr -p datafusion-sql --all-targets --all-features -- -D warnings
• cargo +1.94.0 fmt --all -- --check
• git diff --check

This is stacked on #47; after #47 merges, retarget this PR to embucket-sync-df55.0.0.