fix: infer placeholder types in GROUP BY, HAVING, QUALIFY and ORDER BY (fix for #24042)

[Braedon-Wooding-Displayr]

The SELECT list is planned by sql_to_expr, which infers placeholder types. These four clauses are planned by sql_expr_to_logical_expr, which does not, so the same expression written in both places does not compare equal.

The result is that a grouping key containing a placeholder is never matched against the identical SELECT expression, and the columns inside it are reported as ungrouped. The same query with literals in place of the placeholder plans fine. QUALIFY fails differently, on a duplicate field name, because the typed and untyped spellings print alike but are not equal.

Adds a planner test per clause.

Which issue does this PR close?

• Closes GROUP BY expression containing a placeholder does not match the same expression in the SELECT list #24042.

Rationale for this change

I think it's clearly explained above / in issue.

What changes are included in this PR?

New tests for each clause case + inferring types in the clauses.

Are these changes tested?

Yes tests are there.

Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 58.82353% with 7 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 80.85%. Comparing base (f2b4835) to head (c25ee4d).
⚠️ Report is 4 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
datafusion/sql/src/select.rs	50.00%	0 Missing and 5 partials ⚠️
datafusion/sql/src/expr/order_by.rs	71.42%	1 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #24043      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   80.85%   80.85%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files        1101     1101              
  Lines      375467   375481      +14     
  Branches   375467   375481      +14     
==========================================
+ Hits       303596   303600       +4     
- Misses      53777    53778       +1     
- Partials    18094    18103       +9     

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[Braedon-Wooding-Displayr]

Most of the missing coverage seems to just be error propagation? Which should be okay.