chore: allow phpunit ^13.0

[mislavjakopovic]

Q	A
Branch?	main
Tickets	N/A
License	MIT
Doc PR	N/A

Since #7887 api-platform/test requires phpunit/phpunit ^11.5 || ^12.2, so it cannot be installed next to PHPUnit 13, although the classes run unchanged on it.

Before the split those classes shipped inside api-platform/symfony, which lists PHPUnit only in require-dev, a section Composer never enforces for dependencies, so PHPUnit 13 worked - the extraction moved that constraint into require, and this now blocks a "bleeding edge" migration to API Platform 5.

This PR widens the constraint to ^11.5 || ^12.2 || ^13.0 in the root composer.json and in
every component manifest that pins it, same shape as c0886c1 (^11.5) and #7623 (^12.2).

Two test adjustments were needed for the suite to stay deprecation-free under 13:

• six functional tests merged after feat: extract ApiTestCase in its own api-platform/test package #7887 (feat: HTTP QUERY method support (RFC 10008) #8349, fix(doctrine): honor castToArray and schema in filter OpenAPI parameters #8423, feat(metadata): resolve %param% in yaml/xml and attribute resource config #8284) still extended the deprecated ApiPlatform\Symfony\Bundle\Test\ApiTestCase; loading it triggers a deprecation that 13 counts, which would turn phpunit-no-deprecations red
• GraphQlResolverPassTest used with() without expects() on a mock, deprecated in 13 and rejected in 14.

PHPUnit 13 requires PHP 8.4.1, so the 8.2 and 8.3 jobs will keep resolving 11.5 and 12; the 8.4
and 8.5 jobs move to 13 without a workflow change.

The root conflict entry <9.5, phpunit.baseline.xml and docs/composer.json (^10, only reachable via require-dev since #8527) are untouched.