Support blocking socket ops via a single fd_wait primitive

ChangeLog.md

@@ -20,6 +20,13 @@ See docs/process.md for more on how version tagging works.
 
 6.0.9 (in development)
 ----------------------
+- Blocking `accept`, `accept4`, `recv`, `recvfrom` and `recvmsg` on sockets
+  are now supported wherever the calling stack can suspend: on secondary
+  threads under `-pthread` (including `main()` under `PROXY_TO_PTHREAD`), and
+  under `ASYNCIFY` and `JSPI`. Instead of returning `EAGAIN`, a would-block call
+  on a blocking socket waits until ready. On a main browser thread that cannot
+  suspend, `EAGAIN` still surfaces. `accept4` also now honors `SOCK_NONBLOCK`
+  on the accepted socket. (#27342)
 
 6.0.8 - 08/20/26
 ----------------

src/lib/libfs.js

@@ -1963,6 +1963,41 @@ FS.staticInit();`;
     },
   },
 
+  // The wait primitive behind blocking socket data ops. The data syscalls are
+  // strictly synchronous (single attempt, -EAGAIN when they would block); on
+  // EAGAIN libc's wrappers call this and retry when it returns true. Returns
+  // false when `fd` is non-blocking or there is no stack to suspend (the
+  // event-loop thread outside ASYNCIFY/JSPI), so the EAGAIN surfaces. Otherwise
+  // waits until `fd` reports one of `events` (POLL* flags; error/hangup/close
+  // always wake): a proxied pthread worker parks on its sync-proxy, an
+  // ASYNCIFY/JSPI stack suspends.
+  _emscripten_fd_wait__proxy: 'sync',
+  _emscripten_fd_wait__async: 'auto',
+  _emscripten_fd_wait__deps: ['$FS', '$pollOne'],
+  _emscripten_fd_wait: (fd, events) => {
+#if PTHREADS
+    if (!PThread.currentProxiedOperationCallerThread) return 0;
+#elif !ASYNCIFY
+    return 0;
+#endif
+#if PTHREADS || ASYNCIFY
+    // Always a Promise from here: a proxied caller's sync-proxy awaits a
+    // thenable.
+    var stream = FS.getStream(fd);
+    if (!stream) return Promise.resolve(1); // closed: let the retry surface EBADF
+    if (stream.flags & {{{ cDefs.O_NONBLOCK }}}) return Promise.resolve(0);
+    return new Promise((resolve) => {
+      if (pollOne(fd, events)) return resolve(1);
+      var reg = stream.node.addListener(() => {
+        if (pollOne(fd, events)) {
+          reg.listeners.delete(reg.entry);
+          resolve(1);
+        }
+      });
+    });
+#endif
+  },
+
   $FS_mkdirTree__docs: `
   /**
    * @param {number=} mode Optionally, the mode to create in. Uses mkdir's

src/lib/libsigs.js

@@ -330,6 +330,7 @@ sigs = {
   _emscripten_create_wasm_worker__sig: 'iipip',
   _emscripten_dlopen_js__sig: 'vpppp',
   _emscripten_dlsync_threads__sig: 'v',
+  _emscripten_fd_wait__sig: 'iii',
   _emscripten_fetch_get_response_headers__sig: 'pipp',
   _emscripten_fetch_get_response_headers_length__sig: 'pi',
   _emscripten_fs_load_embedded_files__sig: 'vp',

src/lib/libsyscall.js

@@ -420,6 +420,13 @@ var SyscallsLibrary = {
       assert(!errno);
 #endif
     }
+    // Honor SOCK_NONBLOCK on the accepted fd (SOCK_CLOEXEC is a no-op for a
+    // single process, matching F_SETFD). Without this the new fd only inherits
+    // the listener's flags, so a SOCK_NONBLOCK accept off a blocking listener
+    // would wrongly yield a blocking socket.
+    if (flags & {{{ cDefs.SOCK_NONBLOCK }}}) {
+      newsock.stream.flags |= {{{ cDefs.O_NONBLOCK }}};
+    }
     return newsock.stream.fd;
   },
   __syscall_bind__deps: ['$getSocketFromFD', '$getSocketAddress'],

system/lib/libc/emscripten_internal.h

@@ -102,6 +102,9 @@ void* _dlsym_catchup_js(struct dso* handle, int sym_index);
 
 int _setitimer_js(int which, double timeout);
 
+// Wait for fd readiness if the calling stack can suspend; see libfs.js.
+int _emscripten_fd_wait(int fd, int events);
+
 // Synchronize loaded modules across threads.
 // Runs _emscripten_dlsync_self on each of the threads that are running at
 // the time of the call.

system/lib/libc/musl/src/internal/emscripten_fd_wait.h

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2026 The Emscripten Authors.  All rights reserved.
+ * Emscripten is available under two separate licenses, the MIT license and the
+ * University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License.  Both these licenses can be
+ * found in the LICENSE file.
+ */
+
+#ifndef EMSCRIPTEN_FD_WAIT_H
+#define EMSCRIPTEN_FD_WAIT_H
+
+// Blocking socket data ops on emscripten: the underlying JS syscalls are
+// strictly synchronous and return -EAGAIN when they would block. The network
+// wrappers then wait for readiness via _emscripten_fd_wait and retry. The wait
+// itself only succeeds where a stack can be suspended - a proxied pthread
+// worker parked on its sync-proxy, or an ASYNCIFY/JSPI stack - and only for a
+// blocking fd; otherwise it returns false and the EAGAIN surfaces unchanged.
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <poll.h>
+#include "emscripten_internal.h"
+#include "syscall.h"
+
+// `attempt` is a strictly synchronous __socketcall_cp expression returning
+// -EAGAIN when it would block; `dontwait` (MSG_DONTWAIT) suppresses the wait.
+// Yields the raw syscall result; callers apply __syscall_ret.
+#define __emscripten_sock_retry(fd, dontwait, attempt) ({ \
+	long __r; \
+	for (;;) { \
+		__r = (attempt); \
+		if (__r != -EAGAIN || (dontwait) || !_emscripten_fd_wait(fd, POLLIN)) \
+			break; \
+	} \
+	__r; \
+})
+
+#endif

system/lib/libc/musl/src/network/accept.c

@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include "syscall.h"
+#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+#include "emscripten_fd_wait.h"
+#endif
 
 int accept(int fd, struct sockaddr *restrict addr, socklen_t *restrict len)
 {
+#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+	return __syscall_ret(__emscripten_sock_retry(fd, 0,
+		__socketcall_cp(accept, fd, addr, len, 0, 0, 0)));
+#else
 	return socketcall_cp(accept, fd, addr, len, 0, 0, 0);
+#endif
 }

system/lib/libc/musl/src/network/accept4.c

@@ -3,11 +3,19 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include "syscall.h"
+#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+#include "emscripten_fd_wait.h"
+#endif
 
 int accept4(int fd, struct sockaddr *restrict addr, socklen_t *restrict len, int flg)
 {
 	if (!flg) return accept(fd, addr, len);
+#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+	int ret = __syscall_ret(__emscripten_sock_retry(fd, 0,
+		__socketcall_cp(accept4, fd, addr, len, flg, 0, 0)));
+#else
 	int ret = socketcall_cp(accept4, fd, addr, len, flg, 0, 0);
+#endif
 	if (ret>=0 || (errno != ENOSYS && errno != EINVAL)) return ret;
 	if (flg & ~(SOCK_CLOEXEC|SOCK_NONBLOCK)) {
 		errno = EINVAL;

system/lib/libc/musl/src/network/recvfrom.c

@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include "syscall.h"
+#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+#include "emscripten_fd_wait.h"
+#endif
 
 ssize_t recvfrom(int fd, void *restrict buf, size_t len, int flags, struct sockaddr *restrict addr, socklen_t *restrict alen)
 {
+#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+	return __syscall_ret(__emscripten_sock_retry(fd, flags & MSG_DONTWAIT,
+		__socketcall_cp(recvfrom, fd, buf, len, flags, addr, alen)));
+#else
 	return socketcall_cp(recvfrom, fd, buf, len, flags, addr, alen);
+#endif
 }

system/lib/libc/musl/src/network/recvmsg.c

@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include "syscall.h"
+#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+#include "emscripten_fd_wait.h"
+#endif
 
 hidden void __convert_scm_timestamps(struct msghdr *, socklen_t);
 
@@ -59,7 +62,12 @@ ssize_t recvmsg(int fd, struct msghdr *msg, int flags)
 		msg = &h;
 	}
 #endif
+#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+	r = __syscall_ret(__emscripten_sock_retry(fd, flags & MSG_DONTWAIT,
+		__socketcall_cp(recvmsg, fd, msg, flags, 0, 0, 0)));
+#else
 	r = socketcall_cp(recvmsg, fd, msg, flags, 0, 0, 0);
+#endif
 	if (r >= 0) __convert_scm_timestamps(msg, orig_controllen);
 #if LONG_MAX > INT_MAX && !defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
 	if (orig) *orig = h;

system/lib/wasmfs/syscalls.cpp

@@ -1732,6 +1732,10 @@ int _munmap_js(
 
 // Stubs (at least for now)
 
+// Socket readiness wait used by libc's blocking socket wrappers; WASMFS has no
+// socket support, so there is never anything to wait for.
+int _emscripten_fd_wait(int fd, int events) { return 0; }
+
 int __syscall_accept4(int sockfd,
                       struct sockaddr* addr,
                       socklen_t* len,

test/codesize/test_codesize_hello_dylink_all.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
-  "a.out.js": 270568,
-  "a.out.nodebug.wasm": 588318,
-  "total": 858886,
+  "a.out.js": 270648,
+  "a.out.nodebug.wasm": 588458,
+  "total": 859106,
   "sent": [
     "IMG_Init",
     "IMG_Load",
@@ -287,6 +287,7 @@
     "_dlsym_catchup_js",
     "_dlsym_js",
     "_emscripten_dlopen_js",
+    "_emscripten_fd_wait",
     "_emscripten_fs_load_embedded_files",
     "_emscripten_get_last_devicemotion_event",
     "_emscripten_get_last_deviceorientation_event",
@@ -1818,6 +1819,7 @@
     "env._dlopen_js",
     "env._dlsym_js",
     "env._emscripten_dlopen_js",
+    "env._emscripten_fd_wait",
     "env._emscripten_get_last_devicemotion_event",
     "env._emscripten_get_last_deviceorientation_event",
     "env._emscripten_get_last_mouse_event",

test/sockets/test_tcp_accept_nonblock.c

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2026 The Emscripten Authors.  All rights reserved.
+ * Emscripten is available under two separate licenses, the MIT license and the
+ * University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License.  Both these licenses can be
+ * found in the LICENSE file.
+ *
+ * accept4(SOCK_NONBLOCK) must yield a non-blocking accepted socket even off a
+ * *blocking* listener: the flag is applied on top of the flags inherited from
+ * the listener, not dropped. A poll()-driven main loop (single-threaded, zero
+ * timeout) waits for the incoming connection, accept4()s it with SOCK_NONBLOCK,
+ * then checks F_GETFL reports O_NONBLOCK and that a data-less recv() would-block
+ * with EAGAIN rather than hanging. Plain POSIX, so it also runs natively.
+ */
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <poll.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+#include <emscripten.h>
+#endif
+
+static int listen_fd = -1;
+static int client_fd = -1;
+static int peer_fd = -1;
+
+static void finish(void) {
+  if (client_fd >= 0) close(client_fd);
+  if (peer_fd >= 0) close(peer_fd);
+  if (listen_fd >= 0) close(listen_fd);
+  printf("done\n");
+#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+  emscripten_cancel_main_loop();
+#endif
+}
+
+static void main_loop(void) {
+  struct pollfd pfd = { .fd = listen_fd, .events = POLLIN };
+  if (poll(&pfd, 1, 0) <= 0 || !(pfd.revents & POLLIN)) {
+    return; // no connection queued yet
+  }
+
+  // The listener is blocking (never marked O_NONBLOCK), so inheritance alone
+  // would give a blocking socket; SOCK_NONBLOCK must override that.
+  peer_fd = accept4(listen_fd, NULL, NULL, SOCK_NONBLOCK);
+  assert(peer_fd >= 0);
+
+  int fl = fcntl(peer_fd, F_GETFL);
+  assert(fl >= 0 && (fl & O_NONBLOCK) && "accept4 SOCK_NONBLOCK not honored");
+
+  // A non-blocking recv with no data pending returns EAGAIN immediately instead
+  // of blocking, confirming the fd is really non-blocking.
+  char buf[4];
+  ssize_t n = recv(peer_fd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
+  assert(n < 0 && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK));
+
+  finish();
+}
+
+int main(void) {
+  listen_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+  assert(listen_fd >= 0);
+
+  struct sockaddr_in addr;
+  memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
+  addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+  inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &addr.sin_addr);
+  assert(bind(listen_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr)) == 0);
+  socklen_t l = sizeof(addr);
+  assert(getsockname(listen_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, &l) == 0);
+  assert(listen(listen_fd, 4) == 0);
+  // Deliberately leave listen_fd blocking to prove SOCK_NONBLOCK is applied on
+  // top of the inherited (blocking) listener flags.
+
+  client_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+  assert(client_fd >= 0);
+  fcntl(client_fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
+  int r = connect(client_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr));
+  assert(r == 0 || errno == EINPROGRESS);
+
+#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+  emscripten_set_main_loop(main_loop, 0, 0);
+#else
+  while (peer_fd < 0) {
+    main_loop();
+    usleep(1000);
+  }
+#endif
+  return 0;
+}