extension: require VS Code 1.112

[joshspicer]

Summary

• require VS Code 1.112 or newer, the first shipped stable product that authorizes the browser proposal for ms-vscode.js-debug
• update the root lockfile metadata to match the source manifest
• cover stable and nightly packages, whose generated manifests both inherit the source engine range

Compatibility evidence

• shipped VS Code 1.111.0 does not authorize browser for either ms-vscode.js-debug or ms-vscode.js-debug-nightly
• shipped VS Code 1.112.0 authorizes browser for both extension IDs
• the pending mandatory compatibility gate rejects the old ^1.80.0 range and accepts both rebuilt VSIXes with ^1.112.0 across 35 admitted released stable products through VS Code 1.135.0

Validation

• npm run compile -- package:prepare
• npm run compile -- package:prepare --nightly
• proposed-API compatibility validation for both generated VSIXes
• npm run test:types
• git diff --check

Tracking

• Mandatory proposal compatibility gate: microsoft/vscode-engineering#3705
• Related proposed-API compatibility incident: Remote-SSH 0.126.0 fails on VS Code 1.134.0: terminalRemoteResolver proposed API is not declared vscode-remote-release#11815