sqlite: prevent database close during callbacks

[mcollina]

Prevent DatabaseSync.close() from finalizing SQLite resources while a JavaScript callback is executing.

SQLite invokes user-defined functions, aggregate functions, authorizers, and changeset callbacks synchronously during database operations. Previously, calling database.close() from one of these callbacks could finalize active statements or the connection while native code was still using them.

This change tracks callback depth and rejects reentrant closes with ERR_INVALID_STATE. It also adds regression coverage for StatementSync.all(), get(), run(), and iterate().

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/sqlite

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 57.14286% with 12 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 90.15%. Comparing base (e6a8d06) to head (822fbef).
⚠️ Report is 462 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/node_sqlite.cc	42.85%	8 Missing and 4 partials ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #64743      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   92.01%   90.15%   -1.87%     
==========================================
  Files         379      744     +365     
  Lines      166972   242541   +75569     
  Branches    25554    45697   +20143     
==========================================
+ Hits       153639   218659   +65020     
- Misses      13041    15370    +2329     
- Partials      292     8512    +8220     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/node_sqlite.h	82.60% <100.00%> (ø)
src/node_sqlite.cc	80.42% <42.85%> (ø)

... and 573 files with indirect coverage changes

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[mertcanaltin]

I checked the guards in the base functions, and the window functions are covered too

and I looked fail test, this fail unrelated this pr

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/75190/