test: simplify worker heap profile rejection assertion

[HoonDongKang]

Replaced try/catch with assert.rejects in the duplicate worker.startHeapProfile() call test for improved readability.

Refs:

• test: simplify test-tls-connect-abort-controller.js #57338

Tests:

• ./node test/parallel/test-worker-heap-profile.js
• tools/test.py test/parallel/test-worker-heap-profile.js

[00:00|% 100|+   1|-   0]: Done                            

All tests passed.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 90.14%. Comparing base (13fcd6f) to head (58d0ae6).
⚠️ Report is 7 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #65372      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   91.85%   90.14%   -1.72%     
==========================================
  Files         400      752     +352     
  Lines      178855   251884   +73029     
  Branches    27319    47360   +20041     
==========================================
+ Hits       164283   227050   +62767     
- Misses      14243    16170    +1927     
- Partials      329     8664    +8335     

see 486 files with indirect coverage changes

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