feat(bigquery-jdbc): record errors and flush on batchSizeThreshold

java-bigquery-jdbc/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/bigquery/exception/BigQueryConversionException.java

@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@
 public class BigQueryConversionException extends SQLException {
 
   public BigQueryConversionException(String message, Throwable cause) {
-    super(BigQueryJdbcExceptionUtils.formatMessage(message, cause), cause);
+    super(
+        BigQueryJdbcExceptionUtils.formatMessage(message, cause),
+        BigQueryJdbcSqlStates.DATA_EXCEPTION,
+        cause);
   }
 }

java-bigquery-jdbc/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/bigquery/exception/BigQueryJdbcException.java

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ public class BigQueryJdbcException extends SQLException {
    * @param message The detail message.
    */
   public BigQueryJdbcException(String message) {
-    super(message);
+    super(message, BigQueryJdbcSqlStates.GENERAL_ERROR);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ public BigQueryJdbcException(String message) {
    * @param ex The InterruptedException to be thrown.
    */
   public BigQueryJdbcException(InterruptedException ex) {
-    super(ex);
+    super(ex.getMessage(), BigQueryJdbcSqlStates.QUERY_CANCELED, ex);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -47,7 +47,10 @@ public BigQueryJdbcException(InterruptedException ex) {
    * @param ex The BigQueryException to be thrown.
    */
   public BigQueryJdbcException(String message, BigQueryException ex) {
-    super(BigQueryJdbcExceptionUtils.formatMessage(message, ex), ex);
+    super(
+        BigQueryJdbcExceptionUtils.formatMessage(message, ex),
+        BigQueryJdbcExceptionUtils.sqlStateForCause(ex),
+        ex);
     this.bigQueryException = ex;
   }
 
@@ -58,7 +61,10 @@ public BigQueryJdbcException(String message, BigQueryException ex) {
    * @param cause Throwable that is being converted.
    */
   public BigQueryJdbcException(String message, Throwable cause) {
-    super(BigQueryJdbcExceptionUtils.formatMessage(message, cause), cause);
+    super(
+        BigQueryJdbcExceptionUtils.formatMessage(message, cause),
+        BigQueryJdbcExceptionUtils.sqlStateForCause(cause),
+        cause);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -68,7 +74,10 @@ public BigQueryJdbcException(String message, Throwable cause) {
    * @param cause Throwable that is being converted.
    */
   public BigQueryJdbcException(Throwable cause) {
-    super(cause);
+    super(
+        cause == null ? null : cause.getMessage(),
+        BigQueryJdbcExceptionUtils.sqlStateForCause(cause),
+        cause);
   }
 
   public BigQueryException getBigQueryException() {

java-bigquery-jdbc/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/bigquery/exception/BigQueryJdbcExceptionUtils.java

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package com.google.cloud.bigquery.exception;
 
+import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQueryException;
+
 /** Utility class for JDBC exceptions. */
 final class BigQueryJdbcExceptionUtils {
 
@@ -37,4 +39,49 @@ public static String formatMessage(String message, Throwable cause) {
             ? "\n" + (cause.getMessage() != null ? cause.getMessage() : cause.toString())
             : "");
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Maps a cause to a standard SQL:2003 SQLState.
+   *
+   * <p>Returns {@code HY000} (general error) for anything unrecognised, so the result is always a
+   * valid 5-character state and never null.
+   *
+   * @param cause the underlying cause, may be null.
+   * @return a 5-character SQLState.
+   */
+  static String sqlStateForCause(Throwable cause) {
+    if (!(cause instanceof BigQueryException)) {
+      return BigQueryJdbcSqlStates.GENERAL_ERROR;
+    }
+    String reason = ((BigQueryException) cause).getReason();
+    if (reason == null) {
+      return BigQueryJdbcSqlStates.GENERAL_ERROR;
+    }
+    switch (reason) {
+      case "invalidQuery":
+      case "invalid":
+      case "badRequest":
+        return BigQueryJdbcSqlStates.SYNTAX_ERROR_OR_ACCESS_RULE_VIOLATION;
+      case "accessDenied":
+        return BigQueryJdbcSqlStates.INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE;
+      case "invalidUser":
+        return BigQueryJdbcSqlStates.INVALID_AUTHORIZATION;
+      case "quotaExceeded":
+      case "rateLimitExceeded":
+      case "resourcesExceeded":
+        return BigQueryJdbcSqlStates.INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES;
+      case "responseTooLarge":
+        return BigQueryJdbcSqlStates.PROGRAM_LIMIT_EXCEEDED;
+      case "stopped":
+        return BigQueryJdbcSqlStates.QUERY_CANCELED;
+      case "backendError":
+      case "internalError":
+      case "jobInternalError":
+        return BigQueryJdbcSqlStates.SYSTEM_ERROR;
+      case "notImplemented":
+        return BigQueryJdbcSqlStates.FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+      default:
+        return BigQueryJdbcSqlStates.GENERAL_ERROR;
+    }
+  }
 }

java-bigquery-jdbc/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/bigquery/exception/BigQueryJdbcSqlFeatureNotSupportedException.java

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ public class BigQueryJdbcSqlFeatureNotSupportedException extends SQLFeatureNotSu
    * @param message The detail message.
    */
   public BigQueryJdbcSqlFeatureNotSupportedException(String message) {
-    super(message);
+    super(message, BigQueryJdbcSqlStates.FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -36,6 +36,6 @@ public BigQueryJdbcSqlFeatureNotSupportedException(String message) {
    * @param ex The BigQueryException to be thrown.
    */
   public BigQueryJdbcSqlFeatureNotSupportedException(BigQueryException ex) {
-    super(ex);
+    super(ex.getMessage(), BigQueryJdbcSqlStates.FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED, ex);
   }
 }

java-bigquery-jdbc/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/bigquery/exception/BigQueryJdbcSqlStates.java

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.google.cloud.bigquery.exception;
+
+/**
+ * Standard SQL:2003 SQLState codes used by the driver.
+ *
+ * <p>A SQLState is a 5-character code: a 2-character class followed by a 3-character subclass.
+ * These values are defined by the SQL standard and are portable across databases; nothing here is
+ * BigQuery-specific. {@code BigQueryDatabaseMetaData.getSQLStateType()} declares that the driver
+ * emits SQL:2003 states, so do not mix in X/Open or ODBC-only codes.
+ */
+final class BigQueryJdbcSqlStates {
+
+  /** 08 — connection exception. */
+  static final String CONNECTION_EXCEPTION = "08006";
+
+  /** 0A — feature not supported. */
+  static final String FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED = "0A000";
+
+  /** 22 — data exception (bad value, failed conversion). */
+  static final String DATA_EXCEPTION = "22000";
+
+  /** 28 — invalid authorization specification (authentication failed). */
+  static final String INVALID_AUTHORIZATION = "28000";
+
+  /** 42 — syntax error or access rule violation. */
+  static final String SYNTAX_ERROR_OR_ACCESS_RULE_VIOLATION = "42000";
+
+  static final String INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE = "42501";
+
+  /** 53 — insufficient resources. */
+  static final String INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES = "53000";
+
+  /** 54 — program limit exceeded. */
+  static final String PROGRAM_LIMIT_EXCEEDED = "54000";
+
+  /** 57 — operator intervention. */
+  static final String QUERY_CANCELED = "57014";
+
+  /** 58 — system error. */
+  static final String SYSTEM_ERROR = "58000";
+
+  /** HY — general error; the fallback when nothing more specific applies. */
+  static final String GENERAL_ERROR = "HY000";
+
+  private BigQueryJdbcSqlStates() {
+    // Utility class, prevent instantiation
+  }
+}

java-bigquery-jdbc/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/bigquery/exception/BigQueryJdbcSqlSyntaxErrorException.java

@@ -32,10 +32,13 @@ public class BigQueryJdbcSqlSyntaxErrorException extends SQLSyntaxErrorException
    * @param ex The BigQueryException to be thrown.
    */
   public BigQueryJdbcSqlSyntaxErrorException(BigQueryException ex) {
-    super(ex.getMessage(), "Incorrect SQL syntax.");
+    super(ex.getMessage(), BigQueryJdbcSqlStates.SYNTAX_ERROR_OR_ACCESS_RULE_VIOLATION, ex);
   }
 
   public BigQueryJdbcSqlSyntaxErrorException(String message, BigQueryException ex) {
-    super(BigQueryJdbcExceptionUtils.formatMessage(message, ex), ex);
+    super(
+        BigQueryJdbcExceptionUtils.formatMessage(message, ex),
+        BigQueryJdbcSqlStates.SYNTAX_ERROR_OR_ACCESS_RULE_VIOLATION,
+        ex);
   }
 }

java-bigquery-jdbc/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/bigquery/jdbc/BigQueryJdbcContextProxy.java

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.google.cloud.bigquery.jdbc;
 
+import com.google.cloud.bigquery.jdbc.telemetry.v1.TelemetryManager;
 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
@@ -177,6 +178,11 @@ public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwabl
         LOG.severe("Exception occurred during " + methodName + ": " + errMsg, cause);
       }
 
+      TelemetryManager.recordError(
+          TelemetryManager.extractErrorCode(cause),
+          TelemetryManager.extractXdbcCode(cause),
+          methodName);
+
       throw cause;
     }
   }

java-bigquery-jdbc/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/bigquery/jdbc/telemetry/v1/DriverEnvironmentBuilder.java → java-bigquery-jdbc/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/bigquery/jdbc/telemetry/v1/DriverEnvironmentDetector.java

@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@
 import java.util.logging.Logger;
 
 /** Utility builder for constructing {@link DriverEnvironment} telemetry protos. */
-final class DriverEnvironmentBuilder {
-  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(DriverEnvironmentBuilder.class.getName());
+final class DriverEnvironmentDetector {
+  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(DriverEnvironmentDetector.class.getName());
 
-  static final String DRIVER_NAME = "google-bigquery-jdbc-driver";
+  static final String DRIVER_NAME = "Google-BigQuery-JDBC-Driver";
   static final String CLIENT_LANGUAGE = "java";
   static final String DEFAULT_TELEMETRY_TAG_DIR = ".bigquery-jdbc";
   static final String DEFAULT_TELEMETRY_TAG_FILE = "telemetry-tag";
   static final String UNKNOWN = "unknown";
   static final String RESTRICTED = "restricted";
 
-  private DriverEnvironmentBuilder() {}
+  private DriverEnvironmentDetector() {}
 
   static DriverEnvironment build() {
     return build(null);
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ static String getOrCreateTelemetryTag(Path customFilePath) {
         logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Failed to persist telemetry tag to file", e);
       }
       return newId;
-    } catch (SecurityException e) {
+    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
       return UUID.randomUUID().toString();
     }
   }