chore: cmake - expose shared debug info level

[0ax1]

As part of this PR, we set the debug level for C++ API task on CI to 0 in order to avoid the task getting OOM killed during linking.

Additionally, we will intro a shared lib artefact to reduce the mem footprint. In that PR, we can turn the debug info level back to 2.

[codspeed]

Merging this PR will improve performance by 21.13%

⚠️ Unknown Walltime execution environment detected

Using the Walltime instrument on standard Hosted Runners will lead to inconsistent data.

For the most accurate results, we recommend using CodSpeed Macro Runners: bare-metal machines fine-tuned for performance measurement consistency.

⚡ 2 improved benchmarks
✅ 2195 untouched benchmarks
⏩ 218 skipped benchmarks¹

Performance Changes

	Mode	Benchmark	BASE	HEAD	Efficiency
⚡	Simulation	decompress[u64, (4000, 1024)]	86.6 µs	71.2 µs	+21.55%
⚡	WallTime	arrow_checked_add_u32_avx2[16384]	21.3 µs	17.6 µs	+20.71%

Tip

Curious why performance improved? Comment @codspeedbot explain why performance improved on this PR, or directly use the CodSpeed MCP with your agent.

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_{Comparing ad/cmake-debug-info (ead491b) with develop (8f3dfb4)}

Footnotes

1. 218 benchmarks were skipped, so the baseline results were used instead. If they were deleted from the codebase, click here and archive them to remove them from the performance reports. ↩